Comorbid Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders Predict Lability of Negative Emotions Among Children With ADHD

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 1989-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten D. Leaberry ◽  
Paul J. Rosen ◽  
Nicholas D. Fogleman ◽  
Danielle M. Walerius ◽  
Kelly E. Slaughter
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Comorbid Disorders ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Valid Assessment ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Objective: A subset of children with ADHD experience more frequent, sudden, and intense shifts toward negative emotions. The current study utilized ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to provide a valid assessment of the impact of comorbid internalizing and externalizing disorders on negative emotional lability (EL) among children with ADHD. Method: Parents of 58, 8- to 12-year-old children with ADHD were administered a diagnostic interview to assess for ADHD and for the presence of comorbid disorders. Parents completed EMA-based ratings of their child’s negative emotions three times daily for a total of 28 days. Results: Children with a comorbid internalizing disorder or children with comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) experienced significantly greater EMA-derived negative EL than children without comorbid disorders over time. Children with multiple comorbidities experienced greater EL than children with single comorbidities. Conclusion: Overall, this study suggested that both comorbid ODD and comorbid internalizing disorders contribute to negative EL among children with ADHD.

scholarly journals Design Fluency in Children with ADHD and Comorbid Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Anaïs Fournier ◽  
Bruno Gauthier ◽  
Marie-Claude Guay ◽  
Véronique Parent
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Cognitive Profile ◽  
Comorbid Disorders ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Design Fluency ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Executive Impairment ◽  
The Impact

Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often associated with frontal executive impairment in children. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and anxiety disorders (AD) frequently accompany ADHD, but the impact of these comorbid disorders on cognition remains elusive. The five-point test (FPT), a design fluency task, has been shown to be sensitive to neurological damage, specifically to frontal lobe lesions in patients with brain injuries. The purpose of this study was to compare the performances of neurotypical children with that of children with ADHD, ADHD-ODD, and ADHD-AD on the FPT in order to examine whether these groups could be distinguished from one another based on their cognitive profile. Methods: A total of 111 children aged 8 to 11 years old participated in the study. Six measures from the FPT were used to characterize their performance. Results: Statistically significant differences between groups were observed for five of the six FPT measures. Essentially, children with ADHD-ODD made more repeated designs than the three other groups (control p > 0.001, ADHD p = 0.008, ADHD-AD p = 0.008), while children with ADHD-AD produced fewer total and correct designs than the control and ADHD groups (p = 0.009). Conclusions: This suggests that comorbidities have an additive impact on the cognitive profile of children with ADHD. Design fluency may be a sensitive measure for capturing the subtle cognitive deficits that are likely to be involved in these disorders.

Dimensions of irritability in adolescents: longitudinal associations with psychopathology in adulthood

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariah T. Hawes ◽  
Gabrielle A. Carlson ◽  
Megan C. Finsaas ◽  
Thomas M. Olino ◽  
John R. Seely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Externalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThere is an emerging consensus in developmental psychopathology that irritable youth are at risk for developing internalizing problems later in life. The current study explored if irritability in youth is multifactorial and the impact of irritability dimensions on psychopathology outcomes in adulthood.MethodsWe conducted exploratory factor analysis on irritability symptom items from a semi-structured diagnostic interview administered to a community sample of adolescents (ages 14–19; 42.7% male; 89.1% white). The analysis identified two factors corresponding to items from the mood disorders v. the oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (Leibenluft and Stoddard) sections of the interview. These factors were then entered together into regression models predicting psychopathology assessed at age 24 (N = 941) and again at age 30 (N = 816). All models controlled for concurrent psychopathology in youth.ResultsThe two irritability dimensions demonstrated different patterns of prospective relationships, with items from the ODD section primarily predicting externalizing psychopathology, items from the mood disorder sections predicting depression at age 24 but not 30, and both dimensions predicting borderline personality disorder symptoms.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the current standard of extracting and compositing irritability symptom items from diagnostic interviews masks distinct dimensions of irritability with different psychopathological outcomes. Additionally, these findings add nuance to the prevailing notion that irritability in youth is specifically linked to later internalizing problems. Further investigation using more sensitive and multifaceted measures of irritability are needed to parse the meaning and clinical implications of these dimensions.

Self- and Parent-Rated Quality of Life of a Treatment Naïve Sample of Children With ADHD: The Impact of Age, Gender, Type of ADHD, and Comorbid Psychiatric Conditions According to Both a Categorical and a Dimensional Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 721-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyöngyvér Dallos ◽  
Mónika Miklósi ◽  
Ágnes Keresztény ◽  
Szabina Velő ◽  
Dóra Szentiványi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Mood And Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the Quality of Life (QoL) of treatment naïve children with ADHD. Method: Data from 178 parent–child dyads were analyzed using multiple regression to assess the relationships between QoL, and characteristics of ADHD and comorbid psychopathology. Results: Lower self-reported QoL was associated with female gender, higher age, more symptoms of anxiety and trauma-related disorders in dimensional approach, and with the comorbid diagnoses of trauma-related disorders and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)/conduct disorder (CD) in categorical approach. Lower parent-reported QoL was related to older age and increasing number of symptoms of mood and anxiety disorders on one hand, and any diagnosis of mood and anxiety disorders and ODD/CD on the other. Conclusion: Our results draw the attention to the importance of taking into account age, gender, and both self- and parent reports when measuring QoL of children with ADHD and both dimensional and categorical approaches should be used.

Service use in children aged 6–8 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl Efron ◽  
Olga Moisuc ◽  
Vicki McKenzie ◽  
Emma Sciberras
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Professional Service ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveThis study investigated prevalence, types and predictors of professional service use in families of children identified with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the community.DesignSetting: children with ADHD were identified through 43 schools using parent and teacher screening questionnaires (Conners 3 ADHD Index) followed by case confirmation using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV. Parents completed a survey about professional service use in the last 12 months. Main outcome measures: data on variables potentially associated with service use were collected from parents (interview and questionnaires), teachers (questionnaires) and children (direct assessment). Logistic regression was used to examine predictors of service use in univariate and multivariable analyses.ResultsThe sample comprised 179 children aged 6–8 years with ADHD. Over one-third (37%) had not received professional services in the last 12 months. The strongest predictors of service use were older child age (adjusted OR=3.0, 95% CI 1.0 to 8.9, p=0.05), and the degree to which the child's behaviour impacted on the family (adjusted OR=2.0, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.3, p=0.007), after controlling for ADHD subtype and severity, externalising comorbidities, academic achievement and parent-reported impairment.ConclusionsA substantial proportion of children with ADHD are not accessing professional services. Our findings suggest that the child's age and the impact of the child's behaviour on the family are the strongest predictors of service use. Given the demonstrated benefits from various interventions in ADHD, there is a need to improve case identification and referral for services.

Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders in Hong Kong Chinese Children With ADHD

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline K. S. Shea ◽  
Marshall M. C. Lee ◽  
Kelly Y. C. Lai ◽  
Ernest S. L. Luk ◽  
Patrick W. L. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Hong Kong Chinese Children ◽  
Primary Caretakers ◽  
Careful Assessment ◽  
Parent Version

Objective: This study examined the prevalence and correlates of anxiety disorders in Chinese children with ADHD. Method: Overall, 120 children with ADHD aged 6 to 12 years were recruited, and the parent version of computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children–Version 4 was administrated to their primary caretakers. Results: The prevalence rate of anxiety disorders was 27.5%, which is consistent with the reports of previous Asian and Western studies. Among the children with ADHD and anxiety disorders, more than 50% of them also had comorbid oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder (ODD/CD), which yielded an adjusted odds ratio of 3.0 in multivariable analysis for anxiety disorder, with comorbid ODD/CD. In addition, anxiety disorders were positively associated with inattention symptoms in children with both disorders. Conclusion: Clinicians should perform screening and careful assessment for anxiety symptoms in children with ADHD, particularly those suffering from comorbid ODD/CD.

scholarly journals The contribution of familial internalizing and externalizing liability factors to borderline personality disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 2397-2407 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Hudson ◽  
M. C. Zanarini ◽  
K. S. Mitchell ◽  
L. W. Choi-Kain ◽  
J. G. Gunderson
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

BackgroundIndividuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) frequently display co-morbid mental disorders. These disorders include ‘internalizing’ disorders (such as major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders) and ‘externalizing’ disorders (such as substance use disorders and antisocial personality disorder). It is hypothesized that these disorders may arise from latent ‘internalizing’ and ‘externalizing’ liability factors. Factor analytic studies suggest that internalizing and externalizing factors both contribute to BPD, but the extent to which such contributions are familial is unknown.MethodParticipants were 368 probands (132 with BPD; 134 without BPD; and 102 with major depressive disorder) and 885 siblings and parents of probands. Participants were administered the Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders, the Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV.ResultsOn confirmatory factor analysis of within-person associations of disorders, BPD loaded moderately on internalizing (factor loading 0.53, s.e. = 0.10, p < 0.001) and externalizing latent variables (0.48, s.e. = 0.10, p < 0.001). Within-family associations were assessed using structural equation models of familial and non-familial factors for BPD, internalizing disorders, and externalizing disorders. In a Cholesky decomposition model, 84% (s.e. = 17%, p < 0.001) of the association of BPD with internalizing and externalizing factors was accounted for by familial contributions.ConclusionsFamilial internalizing and externalizing liability factors are both associated with, and therefore may mutually contribute to, BPD. These familial contributions account largely for the pattern of co-morbidity between BPD and internalizing and externalizing disorders.

Characteristics of Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders in Medication-Naïve, Clinically Referred Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Combined Type and Dysthymic Disorder

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Sanders ◽  
Yolanda Arduca ◽  
Mary Karamitsios ◽  
Marilyn Boots ◽  
Alasdair Vance
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Dysthymic Disorder ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Primary School Age ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Objective: Internalizing and externalizing disorders are frequently comorbid with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type (ADHD-CT) and dysthymic disorder (DD) in referred primary school-age children, yet there has been relatively little systematic research of the nature of these comorbid disorders. We describe the characteristics of parent- and child-reported internalizing and externalizing disorders in primary school-age children with ADHD-CT and DD. Method: A cross-sectional study of 45 clinically referred medication naïve children with ADHD-CT and DD, examining parent and child reports of internalizing and externalizing disorders, defined categorically and dimensionally. Results: Generalized anxiety disorder and separation anxiety disorder were increased in the DD groups, whether ADHD-CT was present or not. Major depressive disorder was increased in the ADHD-CT and DD group compared to the ADHD-CT alone and the DD alone groups. Conduct disorder was increased in the ADHD-CT alone group compared to the DD with and without ADHD-CT groups. Verbal and fullscale IQ were increased in the DD groups, whether ADHD-CT was present or not, compared to the ADHD-CT alone group. Conclusions: There is emerging evidence that DD and anxiety may represent a different phenotypic expression of a common underlying aetiological process, while the co-occurrence of ADHD-CT and anxiety disorders remains unclear. Only the ADHD-CT and DD group is significantly associated with major depressive disorder, which suggests an additive effect. In contrast, conduct disorder and decreased verbal and fullscale IQ are only associated with the ADHD-CT group, which may suggest a protective effect of DD when comorbid with ADHDCT. From a research perspective, it is important to confirm these found associations in larger samples derived from epidemiological populations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document