Dimensions of irritability in adolescents: longitudinal associations with psychopathology in adulthood

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariah T. Hawes ◽  
Gabrielle A. Carlson ◽  
Megan C. Finsaas ◽  
Thomas M. Olino ◽  
John R. Seely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Externalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThere is an emerging consensus in developmental psychopathology that irritable youth are at risk for developing internalizing problems later in life. The current study explored if irritability in youth is multifactorial and the impact of irritability dimensions on psychopathology outcomes in adulthood.MethodsWe conducted exploratory factor analysis on irritability symptom items from a semi-structured diagnostic interview administered to a community sample of adolescents (ages 14–19; 42.7% male; 89.1% white). The analysis identified two factors corresponding to items from the mood disorders v. the oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (Leibenluft and Stoddard) sections of the interview. These factors were then entered together into regression models predicting psychopathology assessed at age 24 (N = 941) and again at age 30 (N = 816). All models controlled for concurrent psychopathology in youth.ResultsThe two irritability dimensions demonstrated different patterns of prospective relationships, with items from the ODD section primarily predicting externalizing psychopathology, items from the mood disorder sections predicting depression at age 24 but not 30, and both dimensions predicting borderline personality disorder symptoms.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the current standard of extracting and compositing irritability symptom items from diagnostic interviews masks distinct dimensions of irritability with different psychopathological outcomes. Additionally, these findings add nuance to the prevailing notion that irritability in youth is specifically linked to later internalizing problems. Further investigation using more sensitive and multifaceted measures of irritability are needed to parse the meaning and clinical implications of these dimensions.

Comorbid Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders Predict Lability of Negative Emotions Among Children With ADHD

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 1989-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten D. Leaberry ◽  
Paul J. Rosen ◽  
Nicholas D. Fogleman ◽  
Danielle M. Walerius ◽  
Kelly E. Slaughter
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Comorbid Disorders ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Valid Assessment ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Objective: A subset of children with ADHD experience more frequent, sudden, and intense shifts toward negative emotions. The current study utilized ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to provide a valid assessment of the impact of comorbid internalizing and externalizing disorders on negative emotional lability (EL) among children with ADHD. Method: Parents of 58, 8- to 12-year-old children with ADHD were administered a diagnostic interview to assess for ADHD and for the presence of comorbid disorders. Parents completed EMA-based ratings of their child’s negative emotions three times daily for a total of 28 days. Results: Children with a comorbid internalizing disorder or children with comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) experienced significantly greater EMA-derived negative EL than children without comorbid disorders over time. Children with multiple comorbidities experienced greater EL than children with single comorbidities. Conclusion: Overall, this study suggested that both comorbid ODD and comorbid internalizing disorders contribute to negative EL among children with ADHD.

scholarly journals Examining associations between internalizing behaviour, cortisol reactivity, and physiological coordination, in two differentially potent challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
The Impact

Background: Research examining associations between child internalizing behaviours and cortisol reactivity is equivocal, with studies suggesting positive, negative and non-significant associations. The present study assessed three primary confounds that contribute to these inconsistencies: 1) the differential effectiveness of laboratory challenges in eliciting cortisol reactivity; 2) the impact of coordination between the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis and the Sympathetic-Adrenal-Medullary system (assessed via salivary alpha-amylase (sAA)); and 3) variation in the measurement of internalizing behaviour, specifically, parent versus child ratings. The primary aims of this study were to assess internalizing behaviours in relation to both cortisol reactivity and coordination between cortisol and sAA, measured in two distinct challenges. Method: A community sample of 8-10 year olds (N= 52) participated in two laboratory challenges, across two study sessions: 1) the Trier Social Stress Test-Child Version (TSST-C), a potent social-evaluative challenge, and 2) a less-potent competition challenge, composed of a puzzle and mirror-tracing task. Saliva was collected at several time points before and after each challenge. Saliva was later assayed to extract cortisol and sAA. Child-reported depressive symptoms were assessed using the Child Depression Inventory, and maternal-reported internalizing problems were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist. Multilevel modelling was conducted using Hierarchical Linear Modeling. Results: In the TSST-C, child-reported depressive symptoms were significantly associated with a declining cortisol trajectory. Maternal-reported internalizing problems were not associated with cortisol and internalizing behaviour did not moderate the impact of sAA levels on cortisol levels (i.e., coordination) in the TSST-C. With regards to the competition challenge, maternal-reported internalizing behaviours predicted cortisol-sAA coordination, such that children with more internalizing behaviours who experienced higher sAA levels also had higher cortisol reactivity. However, there were no significant associations between child-reported depressive symptoms, cortisol reactivity, or coordination between sAA and cortisol reactivity in the competition challenge. Conclusions: Results are discussed in the context of allostatic load and in relation to theories of physiological coordination. These findings underscore the importance of differential stressor contexts, physiological coordination, and the informant of internalizing behaviours moderating associations between internalizing behaviour and cortisol reactivity. Future research should integrate these factors in models of physiological stress and developmental psychopathology.

scholarly journals Examining associations between internalizing behaviour, cortisol reactivity, and physiological coordination, in two differentially potent challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
The Impact

Background: Research examining associations between child internalizing behaviours and cortisol reactivity is equivocal, with studies suggesting positive, negative and non-significant associations. The present study assessed three primary confounds that contribute to these inconsistencies: 1) the differential effectiveness of laboratory challenges in eliciting cortisol reactivity; 2) the impact of coordination between the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis and the Sympathetic-Adrenal-Medullary system (assessed via salivary alpha-amylase (sAA)); and 3) variation in the measurement of internalizing behaviour, specifically, parent versus child ratings. The primary aims of this study were to assess internalizing behaviours in relation to both cortisol reactivity and coordination between cortisol and sAA, measured in two distinct challenges. Method: A community sample of 8-10 year olds (N= 52) participated in two laboratory challenges, across two study sessions: 1) the Trier Social Stress Test-Child Version (TSST-C), a potent social-evaluative challenge, and 2) a less-potent competition challenge, composed of a puzzle and mirror-tracing task. Saliva was collected at several time points before and after each challenge. Saliva was later assayed to extract cortisol and sAA. Child-reported depressive symptoms were assessed using the Child Depression Inventory, and maternal-reported internalizing problems were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist. Multilevel modelling was conducted using Hierarchical Linear Modeling. Results: In the TSST-C, child-reported depressive symptoms were significantly associated with a declining cortisol trajectory. Maternal-reported internalizing problems were not associated with cortisol and internalizing behaviour did not moderate the impact of sAA levels on cortisol levels (i.e., coordination) in the TSST-C. With regards to the competition challenge, maternal-reported internalizing behaviours predicted cortisol-sAA coordination, such that children with more internalizing behaviours who experienced higher sAA levels also had higher cortisol reactivity. However, there were no significant associations between child-reported depressive symptoms, cortisol reactivity, or coordination between sAA and cortisol reactivity in the competition challenge. Conclusions: Results are discussed in the context of allostatic load and in relation to theories of physiological coordination. These findings underscore the importance of differential stressor contexts, physiological coordination, and the informant of internalizing behaviours moderating associations between internalizing behaviour and cortisol reactivity. Future research should integrate these factors in models of physiological stress and developmental psychopathology.

The impact of children's internalizing and externalizing problems on parenting: Transactional processes and reciprocal change over time

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 969-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Serbin ◽  
Danielle Kingdon ◽  
Paula L. Ruttle ◽  
Dale M. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Physical Punishment ◽  
Parent Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Over Time

AbstractMost theoretical models of developmental psychopathology involve a transactional, bidirectional relation between parenting and children's behavior problems. The present study utilized a cross-lagged panel, multiple interval design to model change in bidirectional relations between child and parent behavior across successive developmental periods. Two major categories of child behavior problems, internalizing and externalizing, and two aspects of parenting, positive (use of support and structure) and harsh discipline (use of physical punishment), were modeled across three time points spaced 3 years apart. Two successive developmental intervals, from approximately age 7.5 to 10.5 and from 10.5 to 13.5, were included. Mother–child dyads (N =138; 65 boys) from a lower income longitudinal sample of families participated, with standardized measures of mothers rating their own parenting behavior and teachers reporting on child's behavior. Results revealed different types of reciprocal relations between specific aspects of child and parent behavior, with internalizing problems predicting an increase in positive parenting over time, which subsequently led to a reduction in internalizing problems across the successive 3-year interval. In contrast, externalizing predicted reduced levels of positive parenting in a reciprocal sequence that extended across two successive intervals and predicted increased levels of externalizing over time. Implications for prevention and early intervention are discussed.

Psychotic-like experiences in the general community: the correlates of CIDI psychosis screen items in an Australian sample

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES SCOTT ◽  
DAVID CHANT ◽  
GAVIN ANDREWS ◽  
JOHN McGRATH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Australian Sample ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Community

Background. Apart from individuals with clinical psychosis, community surveys have shown that many otherwise well individuals endorse items designed to identify psychosis. The aim of this study was to characterize the demographic correlates of individuals who endorse psychosis screening items in a large general community sample.Method. The National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing interviewed 10641 individuals living in private dwellings in Australia. As part of a diagnostic interview (the CIDI), respondents were asked between three and six items originally designed to screen for potential psychosis. We examined the impact of selected demographic variables on endorsement of these items including sex, age, marital status, migrant status, urban/rural status, employment, education, and socio-economic status.Results. An estimated 11·7% of the Australian population endorsed at least one psychosis-screening item. Significantly higher endorsement was associated with younger age, migrants from non-English-speaking backgrounds, those who had never married or who were divorced/separated or unemployed, those living in urban regions and those from the lowest socio-economic levels.Conclusions. Many of the correlates of endorsement of psychosis-screen items are also associated with psychosis. Unravelling the factors that contribute to this broader non-clinical phenotype will aid our understanding of psychosis.

Reducing the Social Stigma Associated with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Controlled Trial of an Intervention Program in a Turkish Community Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Ayça Aktaç Gürbüz ◽  
Orçun YORULMAZ ◽  
Gülşah DURNA
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Scientific research into the reduction of stigmatization, particularly related to specific problems such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), is scarce. In the present study, we examine the impact of a video-based antistigma intervention program for OCD in a pretest-posttest control group research. After being randomly assigned to either an intervention (n= 101) or control group (n= 96), the participants reported their attitudes on a hypothetical case vignette before and after OCD vs. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) videos, and again six months later as a follow up assessment. The mixed design analyses for the group comparisons indicated that although there was no significant difference in the measures of the control group, the participants watching the anti-stigma OCD video, in which the focus was psychoeducation and interaction strategies, reported significantly lower scores on social distances and negative beliefs for the case vignettes they read, and this difference was maintained six months later. Then, the present results indicate the effectiveness of our anti-stigma intervention program for OCD. Interventions to reduce stigmatization can also be viewed as effective tools for changing the attitudes of people toward OCD, although further research and applications are needed related to specific disorders if a longlasting impact is to be achieved.

Self-Esteem and Loneliness as Predicting Factors of Arab Children Achievement İn Kuala Lumpur

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma'a Abdel Fattah Alhoot ◽  
Ssekamanya Sıraje Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Arab Children ◽  
Predicting Factors ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Arab Schools ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Taking into consideration the fact that self-esteem and loneliness have an even more important role to play in students' learning, this study seeks to examine the correlation of these two factors with children academic performance. The study involved 499 (grade 4 to grade 9) Arab children studying at Arab schools in Kuala Lumpur-Malaysia. Data were collected via two questionnaires (one for loneliness and the other for self-esteem). The correlational data analysis yielded a negative correlation between loneliness and academic achievement while there is a positive correlation between self-esteem and achievement. Results also suggested that there is no correlation between students' gender, age, and academic achievement. Furthermore, the results revealed that self-esteem is a good predictor of achievement while loneliness and gender are not good predictors. The findings of the present study are discussed in relation to the relevant literature, taking into consideration the impact of children mental health on their academic achievement. Finally, recommendations for further research are presented.

Systematic benchmark of ancient DNA read mapping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien Oliva ◽  
Raymond Tobler ◽  
Alan Cooper ◽  
Bastien Llamas ◽  
Yassine Souilmi
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Reference Genome ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Read Mapping ◽  
Reference Bias ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The current standard practice for assembling individual genomes involves mapping millions of short DNA sequences (also known as DNA ‘reads’) against a pre-constructed reference genome. Mapping vast amounts of short reads in a timely manner is a computationally challenging task that inevitably produces artefacts, including biases against alleles not found in the reference genome. This reference bias and other mapping artefacts are expected to be exacerbated in ancient DNA (aDNA) studies, which rely on the analysis of low quantities of damaged and very short DNA fragments (~30–80 bp). Nevertheless, the current gold-standard mapping strategies for aDNA studies have effectively remained unchanged for nearly a decade, during which time new software has emerged. In this study, we used simulated aDNA reads from three different human populations to benchmark the performance of 30 distinct mapping strategies implemented across four different read mapping software—BWA-aln, BWA-mem, NovoAlign and Bowtie2—and quantified the impact of reference bias in downstream population genetic analyses. We show that specific NovoAlign, BWA-aln and BWA-mem parameterizations achieve high mapping precision with low levels of reference bias, particularly after filtering out reads with low mapping qualities. However, unbiased NovoAlign results required the use of an IUPAC reference genome. While relevant only to aDNA projects where reference population data are available, the benefit of using an IUPAC reference demonstrates the value of incorporating population genetic information into the aDNA mapping process, echoing recent results based on graph genome representations.

scholarly journals Mixed NNLO QCD×electroweak corrections of $$ \mathcal{O} $$(Nfαsα) to single-W/Z production at the LHC

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Dittmaier ◽  
Timo Schmidt ◽  
Jan Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Z Bosons ◽  
Leading Order ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Mass Distributions ◽  
Self Energy ◽  
Electroweak Gauge Boson ◽  
First Results ◽  
Invariant Part ◽  
The Impact

Abstract First results on the radiative corrections of order $$ \mathcal{O} $$ O (Nfαsα) are presented for the off-shell production of W or Z bosons at the LHC, where Nf is the number of fermion flavours. These corrections comprise all diagrams at $$ \mathcal{O} $$ O (αsα) with closed fermion loops, form a gauge-invariant part of the next-to-next-to-leading-order corrections of mixed QCD×electroweak type, and are the ones that concern the issue of mass renormalization of the W and Z resonances. The occurring irreducible two-loop diagrams, which involve only self-energy insertions, are calculated with current standard techniques, and explicit analytical results on the electroweak gauge-boson self-energies at $$ \mathcal{O} $$ O (αsα) are given. Moreover, the generalization of the complex-mass scheme for a gauge-invariant treatment of the W/Z resonances is described for the order $$ \mathcal{O} $$ O (αsα). While the corrections, which are implemented in the Monte Carlo program Rady, are negligible for observables that are dominated by resonant W/Z bosons, they affect invariant-mass distributions at the level of up to 2% for invariant masses of ≳ 500 GeV and are, thus, phenomenologically relevant. The impact on transverse-momentum distributions is similar, taking into account that leading-order predictions to those distributions underestimate the spectrum.

scholarly journals Determining the Impact of Thickened Liquids on Swallowing in Patients Undergoing Irradiation for Oropharynx Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982110104
Author(s):  
Carly E. A. Barbon ◽  
Douglas B. Chepeha ◽  
Andrew J. Hope ◽  
Melanie Peladeau-Pigeon ◽  
Ashley A. Waito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Clinical Benefit ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Thickened Liquids ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Oropharynx Cancer ◽  
Post Radiation ◽  
Thin Liquids ◽  
The Impact

The current standard for the treatment of oropharynx cancers is radiation therapy. However, patients are frequently left with dysphagia characterized by penetration-aspiration (impaired safety) and residue (impaired efficiency). Although thickened liquids are commonly used to manage dysphagia, we lack evidence to guide the modification of liquids for clinical benefit in the head and neck cancer population. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of slightly and mildly thick liquids on penetration-aspiration and residue in 12 patients with oropharyngeal cancer who displayed penetration-aspiration on thin liquid within 3 to 6 months after completion of radiotherapy. Significantly fewer instances of penetration-aspiration were seen with slightly and mildly thick liquids as compared with thin ( P < .05). No differences were found across stimuli in the frequency of residue. Patients with oropharyngeal cancers who present with post–radiation therapy dysphagia involving penetration-aspiration on thin liquids may benefit from slightly and mildly thick liquids without risk of worse residue.

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