scholarly journals Does Co-Occurring Anxiety Modulate ADHD-Related Cognitive and Neurophysiological Impairments?

2019 ◽  
pp. 108705471987949
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Adamo ◽  
Giorgia Michelini ◽  
Celeste H. M. Cheung ◽  
Jan K. Buitelaar ◽  
Philip Asherson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Error Processing ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Wide Range

Objective: This study investigates whether anxiety modulates cognitive-performance, electrophysiological and electrodermal processes that we previously found impaired in individuals with ADHD. Method: Self-reported anxiety symptoms, cognitive-electrophysiological measures of response inhibition, working memory, attention, conflict monitoring, error processing, and peripheral arousal during three cognitive tasks were obtained from 87 adolescents and young adults with ADHD and 169 controls. We tested the association of anxiety symptoms with each measure and whether controlling for anxiety symptoms attenuates the ADHD–control difference for each measure. Results: Individuals with ADHD showed significantly elevated anxiety symptoms compared with controls. Only commission errors on a Continuous Performance Test (measuring response inhibition) were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms and only among controls, with the ADHD–control difference in this measure remaining significant. Conclusion: Using a wide range of cognitive, electrophysiological, and electrodermal measures, our investigation suggests, overall, limited malleability of these impairments in individuals with ADHD irrespective of their levels of anxiety.

scholarly journals A-13 Sustained Attention, Impulsivity, and Tangentiality of Speech Among Young Adults and Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 872-872
Author(s):  
J Helphrey ◽  
L Smith ◽  
D Rodriguez ◽  
D Rose III ◽  
J Sawyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Procedural Memory ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Omission Errors

Abstract Objective Previous research has linked off-topic verbosity (OTV) among older adults with lower performance on neuropsychological tests tapping attention and executive functioning. However, most of this research has utilized relatively brief neurocognitive measures. Continuous performance tests (CPTs) measure sustained attention and impulsivity. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between sustained attention, impulsivity, and tangentiality of speech among young adults and older adults. Method Young adult college students (age 18-29; n= 61) and healthy, community-dwelling older adults (age 60-99; n = 81) were administered the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test – 3 and provided a sample of speech (one episodic memory and one procedural memory). These speech samples were transcribed and rated for tangentiality by three independent reviewers. Results Among all participants, greater tangentiality of speech was associated with omission errors (r = .22, p = .01) but not with commission errors. This same pattern was found among older adults: omission errors (r = .23, p = .04) were associated with greater tangentiality but commission errors were not. Among young adults, these relationships were not statistically significant. Conclusions Results suggest that tangentiality of speech is associated with inattentiveness but not impulsivity, and this relationship may be more marked among older adults than young adults. OTV among older adults may stem from difficulty sustaining attention over time rather than diminished capacity for inhibiting impulses.

Subtype analysis of commission errors on the continuous performance test in children

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Halperin ◽  
Lorraine Wolf ◽  
Edward R. Greenblatt ◽  
Gerald Young
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Commission Errors

Commission Error Rates on a Continuous Performance Test Are Related to Deficits Measured by the Benton Visual Retention Test

Assessment ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Dougherty ◽  
Charles W. Mathias ◽  
Dawn M. Marsh ◽  
Kevin W. Greve ◽  
James M. Bjork ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Test ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Commission Error ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Benton Visual Retention Test

This study is one in a series investigating the relationship between impulsive behavior on a Continuous Performance Test (i.e., the Immediate and Delayed Memory Task) and other cognitive deficits measured by clinical instruments. Forty-two adolescents were selected for two groups, controls and hospitalized patients with disruptive behavior disorders. Each adolescent completed the Immediate and Delayed Memory Task and the Benton Visual Retention Test. Our main findings were that, even when controlling for IQ, the Immediate and Delayed Memory Task commission errors were associated with adverse Benton performance, but only in the patient group. These results may be explained by a shared association between processes of impulsivity and other deficits of executive control that may interfere with successful performance of the Benton.

The use and meaning of the continuous performance test in schizophrenia

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Bellani ◽  
Paolo Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Neurocognitive Assessment ◽  
Behavioural Assessment ◽  
Omission Errors

AbstractThe continuous performance test (CPT) is a behavioural assessment of attentional modulation of the motor system (Rosvold et al., 1956). It has firstly been used in patients with brain injuries and then applied to assess sustained attention and vigilance in epilepsy, brain tumor, dementia, schizophrenia and other psychiatric diseases, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders (Rosvold et al., 1956; Honey et al., 2005; Kanaka et al., 2008). There are several versions of the test. For instance, the X-CPT version presents randomly different stimuli and subjects are asked to push a button only on presentation of the target stimuli (X). In the AX-CPT version, the subjects are required to push the button only when a cue stimulus is presented before the target one (A before X). The following items are measured for the X and AX tasks: omission errors (number of times subjects fail to respond to target stimulation), commission errors (number of times subjects respond to non target stimulation), average reaction time and coefficient of variance for both correct reactions and commission errors (Suwa et al., 2004). There are other versions, such as the CPT-not X version where the subjects are asked not to push a button when the target stimulus (X) is presented; the Degraded Stimuli (DS)-CPT (Nuechterlein, 1983); the CPT playing card version (Rutschmann et al., 1977); and the CPT Identical Pairs version (Cornblatt et al., 1988), which is a more difficult task prepared to assess high risk population. Interestingly, the Identical Pairs version has been included in the Matrics neurocognitive assessment, a consensus cognitive battery for clinical trials of cognition in schizophrenia (Nuechterlein et al., 2008).

An Adaptive-Rate Continuous Performance Test: Vigilance Characteristics and Reliability for 400 Male Students

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Buchsbaum ◽  
A. J. Sostek
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Continuous Performance Task ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adaptive Rate

An adaptive-rate Continuous Performance Task for the assessment of human performance has been developed based on the original method of Rosvold, et al. (1956). The stimulus presentation speeds up after correct detections and slows down after errors of omission or commission, allowing applications in a wide range of clinical populations and normal age groups. Adequate error rates are obtained to characterize each individual's performance. Signal detection analysis yields d′ and β parameters with adequate test-retest reliability over 6 mo. A specific decline in a′ over time is consistent with other studies of human vigilance.

Associations Between Neuroticism and Executive Function Outcomes: Response Inhibition and Sustained Attention on a Continuous Performance Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. D. Crow
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance

There are known relationships between psychopathology, personality, and executive function (EF), though the association between personality and EF, independent of psychopathology, remains understudied. The present study investigated relationships between Five Factor Model personality traits and indices of response inhibition, sustained attention, and response variability on a continuous performance test (CPT) among 50 healthy adults (male = 27, female = 23; Mage = 19.9 years, range 18–24 years) of primarily Caucasian descent (58.0%). Participants performed an open-source CPT, the Psychology Experiment Building Language Battery Test of Attentional Vigilance (TOAV), and completed self-ratings of conscientiousness, extraversion, and neuroticism on an inventory developed from the public-domain International Personality Item Pool. After controlling for the influences of age, gender, and other personality traits, neuroticism was significantly associated with faster error reaction time and a higher frequency of multiple responses. Neuroticism was also nominally predictive of more frequent commission errors and faster correct and mean reaction time. The present findings indicate that neuroticism is associated with error-prone behavioral performance on a CPT, suggesting that a propensity to experience negative emotions may manifest as impulsivity and hyperactivity on performance-based measures of EF.

Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) bei Kindern mit hyperkinetischem Syndrom - eine experimentelle Untersuchung mittels des Continuous Performance Test (CPT)

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hennighausen ◽  
G. Schulte-Körne ◽  
A. Warnke ◽  
H. Remschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Negative Variation ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Experimentelle Untersuchung

Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Gibt es neurophysiologische Korrelate der Aufmerksamkeitsstörung beim hyperkinetischen Syndrom (HKS) und welche Bedeutung haben diese für die Ätiologie der Störung. Methodik: Selektive Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse wurden anhand des zweistufigen Continuous Performance Test (CPT) bei 18 Jungen mit hyperkinetischem Syndrom (HKS) untersucht und mit einer nach dem Alter parallelisierten Kontrollgruppe von 21 Jungen verglichen. Die Altersspanne der Stichprobe betrug 6 bis 12 Jahre. Parallel dazu wurden ereigniskorrelierte Potentiale (EKP) während des Tests an den Elektrodenpositionen Fz, Cz, Pz und Oz mit Referenz zu verbundenen Ohren abgeleitet. Ergebnisse: Im EKP nach dem präparatorischen Stimulus konnten zwei Komponenten der Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) mit unterschiedlicher topographischer Verteilung identifiziert werden (CNV-1: 600 bis 1100 ms und CNV-2: 1000 bis 1500 ms nach Stimulus). Die Stichproben unterschieden sich nicht auf der Verhaltensebene (Fehlerrate und Reaktionszeit). Signifikante Gruppenunterschiede ergaben sich hinsichtlich der Topographie der beiden CNV-Komponenten. Kinder mit HKS zeigten im Vergleich zu Kontrollkindern eine signifikant niedrigere CNV-1 über der frontalen und eine Tendenz zu stärkerer Negativierung (CNV-1 und CNV-2) über der occipitalen Elektrode. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Hypothese einer Unterfunktion frontaler inhibitorischer Prozesse bei Kindern mit HKS.

Comparing the Mathematics Continuous Performance Test With Other Measures of Tests of Attention

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubi Lufi ◽  
Shachar Pan
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Adhd Assessment ◽  
Research Reporting ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Continuous Performance Tests ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. Several studies have shown that Continuous Performance Tests (CPT) can diagnose Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) better than other tests. Research reporting comparisons of two or more CPT-type tests is scarce. The purpose of the study was to compare the Mathematics Continuous Performance Test (MATH-CPT) with another CPT-type test (CPT II) and a questionnaire (the Brown Scale). The comparison was carried out by looking at correlations among subscales and checking the precision of detecting ADHD. Ninety-five high school and college students participated in the study, 41 with ADHD were the research group and 54 were the control group. The participants performed the two tests and answered the questionnaire. The results showed that the MATH-CPT correctly identified 74.50% of the participants of both groups as compared to the 71.60% of the CPT II. Correlations between the two CPT-type tests were moderate; however, they were similar to correlations found in other studies comparing similar tools. The MATH-CPT, final attention formula, showed significant correlations with the Brown scales, while the CPT II, confidence index associated with ADHD assessment, showed nonsignificant correlations with the questionnaire. The study indicated that MATH-CPT can be used with a clinical population of ADHD and for research purposes.

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