The Contribution of Therapeutic Horseback Riding to the Improvement of Executive Functions and Self-Esteem Among Children With ADHD

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705472092589
Author(s):  
Tal-li Matild Aviv ◽  
Yaacov J. Katz ◽  
Ety Berant
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Horseback Riding ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Therapeutic Horseback Riding ◽  
Latent Growth Models ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
End Of Treatment

Background: Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is associated with difficulties in executive functions (EFs), ( assessed by questionnaires) and self-esteem. Objective: To examine the contribution of therapeutic horseback riding to the EFs’ improvement and self-esteem. Method: In total, 123 Israeli children diagnosed with ADHD participated in the study. The study group participated in 20 weeks of therapeutic horseback riding sessions in addition to receiving medication, whereas the control group received only medication. The children and their mothers filled out questionnaires before treatment, at the end of treatment, and 12 weeks after the treatment ended. To examine changes in the children’s EFs and self-esteem, a series of latent growth models (LGMs) were conducted. Results: Therapeutic horseback riding contributed to the improvement of EFs and self-esteem. Improved self-esteem predicted subsequent improvement in EFs. Conclusion: Therapeutic horseback riding is an effective therapeutic method to improve EFs and self-esteem among children with ADHD.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Self-Esteem and Depression when Controlling for Neuroticism

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenting Mu ◽  
Jing Luo ◽  
Sven Rieger ◽  
Ulrich Trautwein ◽  
Brent W. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Confounding Variable ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Latent Growth Models ◽  
Vulnerability Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Much research has examined the interplay of depression and self-esteem in an effort to determine whether depression causes self-esteem (scar model), or vice versa (vulnerability model). In the current longitudinal study (N = 2,318), we tested whether neuroticism served as a confounding variable that accounted for the association of depression and self-esteem, using both cross-lag models and latent growth models. We found neuroticism accounted for the majority of covariance between depression and self-esteem, to the degree that the scar and vulnerability models appear to be inadequate explanations for the relation between depression and self-esteem. Alternatively, neuroticism appears to be a viable cause of both depression and self-esteem and could explain prior work linking the two constructs over time.

Nuances in Alzheimer’s Genetic Risk Reveal Differential Predictions of Non-demented Memory Aging Trajectories: Selective Patterns by APOE Genotype and Sex

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Peggy McFall ◽  
Lars Bäckman ◽  
Roger A. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Latent Growth Models ◽  
Selective Protection ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Apoe Genotypes

Background: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a prominent genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and a frequent target for associations with non-demented and cognitively impaired aging. APOE offers a unique opportunity to evaluate two dichotomous comparisons and selected gradations of APOE risk. Some evidence suggests that APOE effects may differ by sex and emerge especially in interaction with other AD-related biomarkers (e.g., vascular health). Methods: Longitudinal trajectories of non-demented adults (n = 632, 67% female, Mage = 68.9) populated a 40-year band of aging. Focusing on memory performance and individualized memory trajectories, a sequence of latent growth models was tested for predictions of (moderation between) APOE and pulse pressure (PP) as stratified by sex. The analyses (1) established robust benchmark PP effects on memory trajectories, (2) compared predictions of alternative dichotomous groupings (ε4- vs ε4+, ε2- vs ε2+), and (3) examined precision-based predictions by disaggregated APOE genotypes. Results: Healthier (lower) PP was associated with better memory performance and less decline. Therefore, all subsequent analyses were conducted in the interactive context of PP effects and sex stratification. The ε4-based dichotomization produced no differential genetic predictions. The ε2-based analyses showed sex differences, including selective protection for ε2-positive females. Exploratory follow-up disaggregated APOE genotype analyses suggested selective ε2 protection effects for both homozygotic and heterozygotic females. Conclusion: Precision analyses of AD genetic risk will advance the understanding of underlying mechanisms and improve personalized implementation of interventions.

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