Social Well-Being at School: Development and Validation of a Scale for Primary Education Students

This study presents the development and validation of a scale for Primary Education students that measures social well-being. A seven-factor structure was defined, with the factors being: achievement, cooperation, cohesion, coexistence, attitude towards school, attitude towards diversity and solidarity. 14 experts from independent European universities participated in the validation process of the scale. The 38-item scale showed considerable reliability (Cronbach’s alpha =0.91). The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the original seven-factor structure with consistent goodness and badness of fit indexes. The promising results in this study suggest that this scale may be suitable for an international audience.

Performance of the Reported and Intended Behavior Scale among Colombian Adolescents

Objective: To establish the Reported and Intended Behavior Scale (RIBS) psychometric performance, a mental disorder-related stigma measurement, among Colombian adolescents. Methods: A validation study was carried out with 350 students aged between 10 and 17, 53.7% of whom were girls. The RIBS has two sub-scales -reported behaviors and intended behaviors, with four items each. Frequencies were estimated for reported behaviors, whereas internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were measured for intended behaviors. Results: The reported behavior sub-scale ranged from 10.0 to 24.9%, whereas the intended behavior sub-scale presented a Cronbach's alpha of 0.88 (CI95% 0.86-0.90) and a McDonald's omega of 0.88. For the CFA, KMO was 0.81; Bartlett chi squared, 771.1 (df=6, p=0.01); and Eigen value, 2.95 that explained 73.9% of the total variance. For the goodness-of-fit tests, chi squared was 21.9 (df=2, p=.001); RMSEA, 0.17 (CI90% 0.11-0.24); CFI, 0.97; TLI, 0.92; and SMSR, 0.03. Conclusions: The RIBS can measure reported behaviors, and the intended behavior sub-scale shows high internal consistency. However, the dimensionality of the intended behavior sub-scale presents modest goodness-of-fit indexes. These findings need further replications.

Psychometric properties, validity and insights of the School Bullying Questionnaire (CIE-A) in secondary schools of the Valencian Community (Spain)

Besides its several threats to health, welfare, social and academic development and performance of kids and teenagers, school bullying remains highlighted as one of the most relevant related challenges for educational, behavioral and legal sciences worldwide. Moreover, the lack of research on the field and the crucial but unattended need to count on psychometrically suitable and valid tools to detect school bullying make difficult understanding its contexts, dynamics and possible solutions. Objective The aim of this study was to thoroughly present in detail the psychometric properties and validity issues of the School Bullying Questionnaire (CIE-A) among secondary students. Methods A regionwide sample of 810 (47.2% girls) secondary students attending to 21 schools across the Valencian Community (Spain), aged M = 14.40 (SD = 1.61) years, responded to a paper-based questionnaire containing the 36-item version of the CIE-A and various scales related to psychosocial health and wellbeing, used as criterion variables. Results The outcomes of this study suggest that the CIE-A has a clear factor structure, an optimal set of item loadings and goodness-of-fit indexes. Further, that CIE-A has shown good internal consistency and reliability indexes, coherent associations with other mental health and academic performance variables, and the possibility to assess gender differences on bullying-related factors among secondary students. Conclusion The CIE-A may represent a suitable tool for assessing bullying in a three-factorial approach (i.e., victimization, symptomatology, and intimidation), offering optimal psychometric properties, validity and reliability insights, and the potentiality of being applied in the school environment. Actions aimed at improving the school coexistence and the well-being of secondary students, targeting potential bullied/bully profiles or seeking to assess demographic and psychosocial correlates of bullying among teenagers, might get benefited from this questionnaire.

Translation, Adaptation, and Validation of the L’Échelle d’Interactions Infirmière-Patient-23 for the Portuguese Culture: The Multidimensional Nature of Nursing Care

Nursing care is based on the interaction between nurse and patient. The L’Échelle d’Interactions Infirmière-Patient-23 (EIIP-23) is used to evaluate and understand the perception of nurses about their interventions in the practice of care, to reach better health results. The present study aims to validate the questionnaire EIIP-23 to Portuguese, evaluating its psychometric properties. Methods: This is methodological research for the process of cross-cultural translation and adaptation. Results: The process of cross-cultural translation and adaptation were satisfactory. The committee of experts reached an agreement of more than 90% in the first evaluation for all the items. The internal consistency of the nurse-patient interaction scale 22-PT (NPIS-22-PT) was 0.864. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out in the NPIS-22-PT model, with three factors. The results show that the final factorial solution presents acceptable goodness of fit indexes and adequate convergent validity. Conclusion: The translated version produced a good quality psychometric evaluation, and can be considered a valid, trustworthy, and useful instrument to evaluate the nurse-patient interactions in Portugal. It showed acceptable reliability and validity in psychometric tests. In the context of nursing, the NPIS-22-PT is a relevant instrument.

Assessing self-reported risky behavior among two-wheeled vehicle users: an exploratory analysis comparing e-bikers to other riders

The current deployment of e-bikes in large cities all over the world raises new road safety problems. The shared features of e-bikes and other types of two-wheelers, notably in terms of size and maneuverability, can lead to common road safety issues and similar accident mechanisms. This paper outlines the value of a comparative approach that includes all kinds of two-wheelers, motorized or not: bicycles, e-bikes of both the bicycle type and the scooter type, LPG and gasoline scooters, and motorcycles. For this purpose, a new self-reported risky behavior inventory was developed and its validity tested among 400 two-wheeler users in Shanghai. China, where the spread of e-bikes and other two-wheelers took place several years ago, is a useful country to study to shed light on issues that are emerging in Europe. Results indicate highly satisfactory psychometric properties of the inventory with a single-factor 12-item structure (52.81% of variance explained, α = .93) and very satisfactory fit indexes. In terms of construct validity, the eta (η) correlation ratio indicates its significant relation with self-reported previous accidents and with several criterion related experience variables. Furthermore, a high correlation was noted between the inventory scores and the maximum speed of the participants’ vehicles. Ultimately, the inventory will enable future research to characterize and explain risky riding behaviors by riders of e-bikes compared to riders of other two-wheelers in China and, with some slight adaptations, these results can be applied to the European context.

Coffee culture: Will Nigerians drink coffee like others?

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the coffee culture of citizens of Southern Nigeria. Specifically, different scales were developed to measure coffee culture among the citizens which cover health, socialisation, elitism, culture and commercialisation factors. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative approach was adopted for the study, and factor analysis was used to analyse the data collected through an online survey. As a result, EFA and CFA showed the test of sphericity and the different fit indexes. Findings The findings revealed the experiences of consumers and their disposition to coffee consumption to establish coffee culture among the citizens. Largely, the findings revealed that coffee culture is still very low among the citizens and the summation that coffee culture is still in infancy. Originality/value Given the importance of coffee culture in the larger world, and acceptance of coffee as a global social drink, the design of a scale that focussed on socialisation, health, elitism, culture and commercialisation factors help to robustly investigate the state of coffee culture among the citizens.

Assessment of Dementia Knowledge Scale for the Nursing Profession and the General Population: Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The incidence of dementia is increasing dramatically worldwide. It is important to determine knowledge about the dementia for it’s prevention, early diagnosis, treatment, and care. The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS-T) were evaluated in this study. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The psychometric study was conducted. A total of 1592 participants were recruited between November 2019 and March 2020. The data were collected using a sociodemographic form and DKAS-T. The language and content validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to assess the validity of the scale. The scale’s reliability was obtained using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, a paired sample <i>t</i>-test, item-total score correlation, and Hotelling’s <i>T</i>-squared test. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The mean age of the sample was 29.38 (±11.50) years; 66.8% (<i>n</i> = 1064) were female, and 54.1% (<i>n</i> = 861) reported their income status as income equal to expenditure. The DKAS-T demonstrated content validity and adequate sensitivity (Kendall <i>W</i> = 0.155, <i>p</i> = 0.093). The scale consisted of seventeen items and was unidimensional, which explained 28.705% of the variance. All the factor loadings were found to be &#x3e;0.30 in factor analysis. In CFA, all of the fit indexes were &#x3e;0.95 and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.033. A Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.836 was obtained for the entire scale. It was determined that the scale has invariance according to time (<i>t</i> = −1.362, <i>p</i> = 0.181). Homogeneity of the scale was 3.26%, and there was no absence of reaction bias (Hotelling’s <i>T</i>-squared = 2573.681, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The results demonstrated that the instrument is reliable and generates valid data for the Turkish sample. This scale can be used to determine knowledge about dementia and planning educational interventions in the issue.

Validity and Reliability of the Solidarity in Pandemics Scale

This study developed a measure of solidarity levels during pandemics, the Solidarity in Pandemics Scale (SPS). This was achieved using a study group of 842 individuals aged between 18 and 65 from different segments of society who had experienced the COVID-19 pandemic and differed in age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Exploratory factor analysis was used to establish the construct validity of the scale, producing a 15-item scale with a one-dimensional structure that explained 34.36% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis using a different study group revealed that all items have significant t-values, and the model established according to model fit indexes has meaningful and acceptable fit values. The internal consistency of the scale results was calculated using the Cronbach Alpha coefficient, and a reliability of .85 in terms of internal consistency was obtained. Test-retest reliability results as another indicator of reliability were found to be .85. Scores on the Altruism Scale were compared with those on the SPS to evaluate the scale’s criterion validity, and a significant relationship was found between the two scale scores. This analysis indicates that the Solidarity in Pandemics Scale is a valid and reliable psychometric tool.

Development and Validation of an Instrument to Assess Propensity to Cosmopolitanism in Adolescence

The study was designed to provide the initial validation of the instrument “How cosmopolitan do I think I am?” to assess the propensity to cosmopolitanism in adolescents interested in reflecting about their future career choices. Two studies were carried out to test psychometric requisites of the instrument “How cosmopolitan do I think I am?” Specifically, in the first study, after developing items and examining content validity, the factorial structure and the reliability of the scale were tested. The results showed good fit indexes for a factor structure characterized by three-correlated factors and for a second order-factor structure. This last factor structure model suggests that three hypothesised factors can be considered indicators of a global dimension of cosmopolitanism. In the second study, discriminant validity was evaluated. The results confirmed that the three dimensions of cosmopolitanism are related but distinct from career adaptability (CA) and the tendency to consider systemic challenges to attain sustainable development (TCSC). Overall, the results observed supported the use of the questionnaire in career vocational guidance and counseling activities.

Islamic financial literacy scale: an amendment in the sphere of contemporary financial literacy

Purpose This study aims to develop a valid and reliable Islamic financial literacy (IFL) scale that can capture all the segments of the Islamic financial sectors and which could be considered applicable for all jurisdictions across the globe. Design/methodology/approach To build the measure, this study followed a scale development process by collecting 698 a priori items from 81 respondents. Later, it generated an item pool through the analysis of the items with experts and gave the last form (40 items) to 287 respondents in Turkey with another IFL scale that is frequently used in the literature and a scale assessing religiosity. With explanatory factor analysis, the scale demonstrates a four-factor construct with 20 items. This construct provides good fit indexes and reliability scores. Findings Results of the correlation analysis and comparison of the fit indexes of alternative structures provided supportive evidence for discriminant and convergent validity of the scale and its sub-dimensions. As a result, an applicable scale is developed for countries where Islamic financial institutions are operating and where they are not. Originality/value One of the strengths of this study is that it represents a comprehensive scale development for the entire Islamic financial system, including banking, takaful (Islamic insurance) and fund management. In addition, the attempt to design an IFL scale applicable to any economy or individual is a pioneering attempt in the literature.