scholarly journals Narrating the Transition to Adulthood for Youth in Uganda: Leaving School, Mobility, Risky Occupations, and HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Kreniske ◽  
Stephanie Grilo ◽  
Neema Nakyanjo ◽  
Fred Nalugoda ◽  
Jason Wolfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
School Mobility ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Home Village ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Negative

School enrollment, mobility, and occupation are each important factors to consider when examining HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection risk among youth in sub-Saharan Africa. Through an analysis of narrative life histories from 30 HIV-positive and 30 HIV-negative youth (aged 15-24 years), matched on gender, age, and village and purposively selected and interviewed from the Rakai Community Cohort Study, this article shows the complex connection between leaving school, mobility, and occupation with implications for HIV risk. We identified a pattern of risk factors that was present in many more HIV-positive than HIV-negative youth life stories. These HIV-positive youth shared a similar pathway during their transition to adulthood: After leaving school, they moved in search of occupations; they then engaged in risky occupations before eventually returning to their home village. Linking the lines of inquiry on school enrollment, mobility, and risky occupations, our findings have important implications for adolescent health research, practice, and policy in Uganda and across sub-Saharan Africa and the developing world.

scholarly journals The experiences of HIV-positive and HIV-negative children after receiving disclosure of their own and their parents’ illnesses, respectively

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Gachanja
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Positive Mothers ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Negative

The aim of this research brief is to describe a study that sought to understand the post-disclosure experiences of HIV-positive and negative children after they received disclosure of their own and their parents’ illnesses, respectively. This is the first study from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) that describes the post-disclosure experiences of HIV-positive and negative children in one study. Prior studies in SSA have mostly centered on the post-disclosure experiences of HIV-positive children after receiving disclosure of their own illnesses, or HIV-positive mothers’ descriptions of the effect of maternal disclosure on their HIV-negative children.

scholarly journals The experiences of HIV-positive and HIV-negative children after receiving disclosure of their own and their parents’ illnesses, respectively

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Gachanja
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Positive Mothers ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Negative

The aim of this research brief is to describe a study that sought to understand the post-disclosure experiences of HIV-positive and negative children after they received disclosure of their own and their parents’ illnesses, respectively. This is the first study from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) that describes the post-disclosure experiences of HIV-positive and negative children in one study. Prior studies in SSA have mostly centered on the post-disclosure experiences of HIV-positive children after receiving disclosure of their own illnesses, or HIV-positive mothers’ descriptions of the effect of maternal disclosure on their HIV-negative children.

scholarly journals Rates of refusal of clinical autopsies among HIV-positive decedents and an overview of autopsies in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Olivie C. Namuju ◽  
Richard Kwizera ◽  
Robert Lukande ◽  
Katelyn A. Pastick ◽  
Jonee M. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Satisfaction ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Next Of Kin ◽  
Perceived Benefit ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Acceptance Rates ◽  
National Referral Hospital

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related mortality remains high in sub-Saharan Africa. Clinical autopsies can provide invaluable information to help ascertain the cause of death. We aimed to determine the rate and reasons for autopsy refusal amongst families of HIV-positive decedents in Uganda. Methods: We consented the next-of-kin for post-mortem examinations among Ugandan decedents with HIV from 2017-2020 at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital. For those who refused autopsies, reasons were recorded. Results: In this analysis, 165 decedents with HIV were included from three selected wards at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital.  Autopsy was not performed in 45% of the deceased patients; the rate of autopsy refusal was 36%. The most common reasons for autopsy refusal were time constraints (30%), family satisfaction with clinical diagnosis (15%), fear of disfigurement of the remains (15%), and lack of perceived benefit (15%). By seeking consent from multiple family members and clearly explaining to them the purpose of performing the autopsy, we found a reduction in the rate of autopsy refusal among relatives of the deceased patients at this hospital compared to previous studies at the same site (36% vs. 60%). Conclusions: We found lower rates of autopsy refusal compared to previous studies at the same site. This underscores the importance of clearly explaining the purpose of autopsies as they increase active sensitization about their relevance and dispel myths related to autopsies among the general population. Good, culturally sensitive, and timely explanations to the family of the benefits of autopsy increase the rate of obtaining permission. Building capacity for performing autopsies by training more pathologists and increasing laboratory resources to decrease the turn-around-time for autopsy reports and extending these services to peripheral health facilities could improve autopsy acceptance rates.

scholarly journals Outcomes of patients with Kaposi's sarcoma who start antiretroviral therapy under routine programme conditions in Malawi

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon D Makombe ◽  
Anthony D Harries ◽  
Joseph Kwong-Leung Yu ◽  
Mindy Hochgesang ◽  
Eustice Mhango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Unfavourable Prognosis ◽  
Sub Saharan

AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common AIDS-related malignancy in sub-Saharan Africa, with a generally unfavourable prognosis. We report on six-month and 12-month cohort treatment outcomes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive KS patients and HIV-positive non-KS patients treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) in public sector facilities in Malawi. Data were collected from standardized antiretroviral (ARV) patient master cards and ARV patient registers. Between July and September 2005, 7905 patients started ART-488 (6%) with a diagnosis of KS and 7417 with a non-KS diagnosis. Between January and March 2005, 4580 patients started ART-326 (7%) with a diagnosis of KS and 4254 with a non-KS diagnosis. At six-months and 12-months, significantly fewer KS patients were alive and significantly more had died or defaulted compared to non-KS patients. HIV-positive KS patients on ART in Malawi have worse outcomes than other patients on ART. Methods designed to improve these outcomes must be found.

scholarly journals HIV disclosure perspectives from HIV-positive parents, HIV-positive children, and HIV-negative children

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Gachanja ◽  
Gary J Burkholder ◽  
Aimee Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Good Health ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Hiv Negative

The aim of this research brief is to describe a study that examined the lived experiences of HIV-positive parents and their biological HIV-positive and negative children before, during, and after the HIV disclosure process in Kenya. This is the first study from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) that provides perspectives on HIV disclosure of a parent’s and a child’s illness from the viewpoints of HIV-positive parents, HIV-positive children, and HIV-negative children. Prior studies in SSA have mostly centered on disclosure to HIV-positive children (of their own illnesses) and others have reported on parents disclosing their illnesses to their children. Key Aspects of HIV Disclosure to Children: 1. Disclosure should be performed as a process. 2. It is a parent’s decision on when to disclose but also a child’s right to be told about his/her own, a parent’s, and other family member’s illnesses and deaths. 3. Healthcare professionals should help parents prepare for and disclose family member’s illnesses and prior deaths to their children. 4. Disclosure should preferably be performed when both the parent and child are in good health. 5. Disclosure should be performed when a child shows understanding of the illness and/or maturity. 6. Disclosure planning should include a determination of who is the most suitable person to disclose to a child. 7. Disclosure should be postponed until animportant life event (e.g., taking a national school examination) has occurred. The original research article is located at: https://peerj.com/articles/486.pdf

scholarly journals A rapid assessment of HIV post-disclosure experiences of urban school-aged children in Kenya

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Gachanja
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Medication Consumption ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Acceptance Of Illness ◽  
Hiv Negative

Some HIV affected families in Kenya have a combination of HIV-positive and negative children within the household. HIV-positive and negative children are known to experience variable effects following disclosure of their own and their parents’ illnesses respectively. Most studies conducted on the effects of disclosure on children have been with HIV-positive children and mother-child dyads. There has been limited involvement of HIV-negative children in HIV disclosure studies in Sub-Saharan Africa. A larger study was conducted to understand the lived experiences of HIV-positive parents and their children during the disclosure process in Kenya. Seven HIV-positive and five HIV-negative children participated in that study. In the current study, the experiences of these 12 children after receiving disclosure of their own and their parents’ illnesses respectively are presented. Each child underwent an in-depth qualitative semi-structured digitally recorded interview. The recorded interviews were transcribed and loaded into NVivo8 for phenomenological data analysis. Five themes emerged from the data showing that HIV-positive and negative children have varying post-disclosure experiences revolving around acceptance of illness, stigma and discrimination, medication consumption, sexual awareness, and use of coping mechanisms. HIV-negative children accepted their parents’ illnesses faster than HIV-positive children accepted their own illnesses; the later also reported facing more stigma and discrimination. HIV-negative children wanted their parents to take their medications, stay healthy, and pay their school fees; HIV-positive children viewed medication consumption as an ordeal necessary to keep them healthy. HIV-negative children wanted their parents to speak to them about sexual-related matters; HIV-positive children had lingering questions about relationships, use of condoms, marriage, and childbearing options. The majority of children coped by speaking about their circumstances to a person close to them and also self-withdrawing to be by themselves when feeling overwhelmed. Pending further studies conducted with larger sample sizes, the results of this study can be used by healthcare professionals to better facilitate disclosure between HIV-positive parents and their children of mixed HIV statuses.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Clinical Description of Non-Polio Enteroviruses Detected in Stool Samples from HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Adults in Ghana

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Veronica Di Cristanziano ◽  
Kristina Weimer ◽  
Sindy Böttcher ◽  
Fred Stephen Sarfo ◽  
Albert Dompreh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Clinical Description ◽  
Hiv Negative

In the post-polio eradication era, increasing attention is given to non-polio enteroviruses. Most of the data about enteroviruses in sub-Saharan Africa are related to acute flaccid paralysis surveillance and target the pediatric population. This study aimed to investigate the presence of enterovirus in PLHIV (people living with HIV) and HIV-negative individuals in Ghana. Stool samples from HIV-positive individuals (n = 250) and healthy blood donors (n = 102) attending the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, were screened by real-time PCR for enterovirus. Molecular typing of the VP1 region was performed. Enterovirus-positive samples were tested for norovirus, adenovirus, rotavirus, sapovirus, and cosaviruses. Twenty-six out of 250 HIV-positive subjects (10.4%) and 14 out of 102 HIV-negative individuals (13.7%) were detected enterovirus-positive, not showing a significant different infection rate between the two groups. HIV-negative individuals were infected with Enterovirus C strains only. HIV-positive participants were detected positive for species Enterovirus A, Enterovirus B, and Enterovirus C. Co-infections with other viral enteric pathogens were almost exclusively detected among HIV-positive participants. Overall, the present study provides the first data about enteroviruses within HIV-positive and HIV-negative adults living in Ghana.

scholarly journals HIV disclosure perspectives from HIV-positive parents, HIV-positive children, and HIV-negative children

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Gachanja ◽  
Gary J Burkholder ◽  
Aimee Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Good Health ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Hiv Negative

The aim of this research brief is to describe a study that examined the lived experiences of HIV-positive parents and their biological HIV-positive and negative children before, during, and after the HIV disclosure process in Kenya. This is the first study from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) that provides perspectives on HIV disclosure of a parent’s and a child’s illness from the viewpoints of HIV-positive parents, HIV-positive children, and HIV-negative children. Prior studies in SSA have mostly centered on disclosure to HIV-positive children (of their own illnesses) and others have reported on parents disclosing their illnesses to their children. Key Aspects of HIV Disclosure to Children: 1. Disclosure should be performed as a process. 2. It is a parent’s decision on when to disclose but also a child’s right to be told about his/her own, a parent’s, and other family member’s illnesses and deaths. 3. Healthcare professionals should help parents prepare for and disclose family member’s illnesses and prior deaths to their children. 4. Disclosure should preferably be performed when both the parent and child are in good health. 5. Disclosure should be performed when a child shows understanding of the illness and/or maturity. 6. Disclosure planning should include a determination of who is the most suitable person to disclose to a child. 7. Disclosure should be postponed until animportant life event (e.g., taking a national school examination) has occurred. The original research article is located at: https://peerj.com/articles/486.pdf

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