Combined Cardiopulmonary Assessments Using Impedance and Digital Implants in Conscious Freely Moving Cynomolgus Monkeys, Beagle Dogs, and Göttingen Minipigs: Pharmacological Characterization and Social Housing Effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 109158182110404
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Boulay ◽  
Eric Troncy ◽  
Michael Pugsley ◽  
Joey St-Pierre ◽  
Anne-Marie Downey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Organ System ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Pharmacological Characterization ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Arterial Blood

Respiratory monitoring, using impedance with implanted telemetry in socially housed animals, was not possible until the recent development of digital signal transmission. The objective of this study was to evaluate digital telemetry monitoring of cardiopulmonary parameters (respiratory rate, tidal volume, minute volume, electrocardiography (DII), systemic arterial blood pressure, physical activity, and body temperature) in conscious, single-housed, non-rodent species commonly used in toxicology studies following administration of positive/negative controls (saline, dexmedetomidine, morphine, amphetamine, and doxapram), and also, the effects of various social housing arrangements in untreated female and/or male cynomolgus monkeys, Beagle dogs, and Göttingen minipigs (n = 4 per species). Aggressions were observed in socially housed male minipigs, however, which prevented pair-housed assessments in this species. All tested pharmacological agents significantly altered more than one organ system, highlighting important inter-organ dependencies when analyzing functional endpoints. Stress-related physiological changes were observed with single-housing or pair-housing with a new cage mate in cynomolgus monkeys and Beagle dogs, suggesting that stable social structures are preferable to limit variability, especially around dosing. Concomitant monitoring of cardiovascular and respiratory parameters from the same animals may help reduce the number of animals (3 Rs) needed to fulfill the S7A guidelines and allows for identification of organ system functional correlations. Globally, the data support the use of social housing in non-rodents for safety pharmacology multi-organ system (heart and lungs) monitoring investigations.

Validation of Sysmex XT-2000iV analyzer-generated quantitative bone marrow differential counts in cynomolgus monkeys, Beagle dogs, and CD-1 mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-555
Author(s):  
Kay A. Criswell ◽  
Jeffrey H. Bock ◽  
Kjell Johnson ◽  
Ryan A. Criswell ◽  
Richard P. Giovanelli
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Differential Counts

scholarly journals Research and Analysis of Digital Baseband Transmission System Based on MATLAB

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chai Jianwen
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Line Pattern ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
Simulation Process ◽  
Transmission Process ◽  
Baseband Signal ◽  
Digital Baseband

This paper mainly studies the basic concept of baseband transmission of digital signal and the transmission processof digital signal baseband transmission and how to design digital baseband transmission system with MATLABsoftware simulation. This paper fi rst introduces the theoretical basis of this subject, including digital communication,the composition of digital baseband transmission system and digital baseband signal transmission process. Then thepaper introduced the characteristics of digital baseband transmission system, including digital PAM signal powerdensity and common line pattern, and by comparing choosing the fi nal bipolar zero return code. Then we introducedthe MATLAB simulation software. The conditions of the best reception of the digital baseband signal are describedand how the waveform of the baseband signal is observed by an oscilloscope. Finally, according to the basic stepsof simulation process, the simulation process of digital baseband transmission system is realized by MATLABsimulation tool, and the system is analyzed.

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Responses of Ducks to Progressive Hypocapnic Hypoxia

1972 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-666
Author(s):  
DAVID R. JONES ◽  
GEORGE F. HOLETON
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Lower Heart Rate ◽  
Pekin Ducks ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Simulated High Altitude ◽  
Muscovy Ducks ◽  
Respiratory Responses

1. Cardiac ouput, ventilatory minute volume and gaseous exchange at both tissues and lungs have been recorded in restrained unanaesthetized ducks exposed to simulated high altitudes. 2. A comparison between two species of duck showed that despite a significantly lower heart rate in resting Muscovy ducks, cardiac output, on a weight basis, was the same as in White Pekin ducks. Respiratory frequency and tidal volumes differed in the two species although their minute volumes were in the same range. 3. Ducks responded to reduction in oxygen tension of arterial blood (Pa, o2) by increases in cardiac output and ventilatory minute volume, both being significantly above control (normal Pa, o2 at rest) when Pa, o2 was in the range 54.5-63 mmHg. At all levels of hypoxia ducks were able to remove about 30% of the oxygen from the ventilated air. 4. When Pa, o2 was 38 mmHg the Po2, difference between arterial and venous blood had decreased by 20.5 mmHg from control. Pa,co2, and Pvco2 fell during hypoxia and arterial and venous pH rose. 5. The rate of oxygen uptake (V· o2) fell markedly at the lowest level of hypoxia but V· co2, remained constant so that R.Q. rose from 0.76 at control at 1.12 at Pa, o2 of 38 mmHg. 6. It is concluded that there are many basic similarities between the cardiovascular and respiratory responses of ducks and mammals when exposed to simulated high altitude.

Roles of Cyclic Nucleotides in the Inhibition of Platelet Function by Physiolocic and Pharmacological Agents

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Haslam
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Cyclic Cmp ◽  
Amp Inhibition

Cyclic AMP mediates the inhibitions of platelet aggregation caused by PCI2, PGE1 and PGD2. Thus, these compounds activate platelet adenylate cyclase and Increase platelet cyclic AMP; their inhibitory effects are blockod by inhibitor? of adenylate cyclase, are potentiated by inhibitors of cyclic AKP phosphodiesterase and are mimicked hy N6 ,2'-0-dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Inhibition of adenylate cyclase does not potentiate platelet aggregation in the absence of inhibitory prostaglandins, indicating that platelet cyclic AMP is too low to affect aggregation under these conditions. To determine whether platelets in the circulation are exposed to agents that increase platelet cyclic AMP, washed rabbi platelets labelled with [3H] adenine were incubated with rabbit arterial blood under various conditions; any increases in cyclic [3H]AMP were measured. These experiments showed that freshly taken rabbit arterial blood does not normally contain any factors that can increase platelet cyclic AMP sufficiently to affect platelet function; specifically, circulating PGI2 was less than 0.1 pmol/ml of blood. It follows that increases in cyclic AMP in circulating rabbit platelets must occur only locally or under special conditions. The role of the moderate increases in platelet cyclic CMP caused by aggregating agents remains uncertain, but the inhibition of aggregation by compounds such as sodium nitroprusside that increase cyclic CMP up to 100-fold suggests that cyclic CMP may, like cyclic AMP, be an inhibitory mediator.

An electronic system for cardiac and metabolic evaluation

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
W. G. Kubicek ◽  
R. P. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Expired Air

An electronic system was developed that: computes the oxygen consumption rate of a human subject while breathing room air; measures the flow rate of the expired air, expired air minute volume, tidal volume, arterial blood pressure, and pulse rate; and records the electrocardiogram. The flow rate of the expired air and the fraction concentrations of the CO2 and O2 in the expired air are measured with electronic gas analyzers and then electronically computed to give a continuous analog record of the oxygen consumption rate. All of the variables are continuously recorded in analog form. The average values of oxygen consumption rate, arterial blood pressure, or expired air minute volume and pulse rate are recorded in digital form with print out every minute. analog computer analysis of O2 consumption; continuous analog recording of expired airflow rate and minute volume, tidal volume, arterial blood pressure, and pulse rate; analog-to-digital conversion of O2 consumption, arterial blood pressure, pulse rate, and expired air minute volume; continuous recording of O2 consumption for subject breathing air; continuous electronic computation of O2 consumption Submitted on June 24, 1963

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