Multicystic Encephalomalacia: The Neuropathology of Systemic Neonatal Parechovirus Infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 109352662110016
Author(s):  
Louise Marie Lane ◽  
Michael B McDermott ◽  
Pamela O’Connor ◽  
Suzanne Cronly ◽  
Mary O’Regan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Case Report ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Autopsy Case ◽  
Human Parechovirus ◽  
Csf Pleocytosis ◽  
Type 3

The Neuropathology of Human Parechovirus (HPeV) is not widely described due to the relatively recent discovery of the virus combined with a limited number of autopsy case reports. We report the case of an infant boy born at 38 weeks who, six days after birth, presented with fever and severe neurological dysfunction. Human Parechovirus Type 3 (HPeV3) RNA was detected in his cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. He died five days after his initial presentation. Neuropathologic examination demonstrated multicystic encephalomalacia (ME). This case report confirms that white matter pathology is dominant in HPeV3 infection. A unique feature, of HPeV encephalomalacia is absence of CSF pleocytosis and minimal inflammation in the meninges. The findings permit comment on the pathogenesis of brain injury by this virus.

scholarly journals Trypanosoma cruzi meningoencephalitis in AIDS mimicking cerebral metastases: case report

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Camilo A. Pimentel ◽  
Benjamin W. Handfas ◽  
Márcia Carmignani
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Cerebral Metastases ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Contrast Administration ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination

A case of Chagas' meningoencephalitis in a 47 year-old patient with AIDS is presented. The diagnosis was established by examination of the cerebrospinal fluid which showed the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi. CT-scan revealed multiple cerebral lesions which only became evident by contrast administration. A second CT after 13 days showed a severe evolution with displacement of the midline structures leading to the patient's death. This case, as well as other case reports published, has shown the fulminant evolution of Chagas' meningoencephalitis in AIDS patients and the importance of cerebrospinal fluid examination for the diagnosis.

scholarly journals Comparison of human parechovirus and enterovirus detection frequencies in cerebrospinal fluid samples collected over a 5-year period in edinburgh: HPeV type 3 identified as the most common picornavirus type

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heli Harvala ◽  
Nigel McLeish ◽  
Jasmina Kondracka ◽  
Chloe L. McIntyre ◽  
E. Carol McWilliam Leitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Human Parechovirus ◽  
Type 3

scholarly journals Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension (SIH) Pain Relief with Lumbar Epidural Blood Patch (EBP) in a Patient with Cancer: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-199
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Intracranial Hypotension ◽  
Epidural Blood Patch ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension ◽  
Cancer Case ◽  
First Line ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Blood Patch

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a challenging chronic headache pain condition that can severely debilitate patients. It can be caused by any etiology in which intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow surpasses CSF production. Conservative first-line therapy typically involves caffeine, hydration, medications, bed rest, and/or abdominal binding. Refractory cases involve epidural blood patch and surgical repair. To date, there have been no published studies or case reports on the treatment of SIH using epidural blood patch (EBP) in patients with cancer. We present a case demonstrating the utility of EBP in the treatment of refractory SIH in a patient with cancer. CASE REPORT: A 65-year-old woman with lung adenocarcinoma presented with refractory SIH of 2 years. She failed conservative first-line therapies and was evaluated by multiple services without relief. She then received an EBP with 75% relief of symptoms, and 100% relief of all symptoms with a repeat EBP. CONCLUSIONS: Given its overall safety and effectiveness, EBP should be considered as a treatment option in patients with cancer who present with SIH. KEY WORDS: Cancer, cerebrospinal fluid, chronic pain, epidural blood patch, headache, oncology, spontaneous intracranial hypotension

Maternal COVID-19 Infection and Possible Associated Adverse Neurological Fetal Outcomes, Two Case Reports

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Archuleta ◽  
Christine Wade ◽  
Becky Micetic ◽  
Ashley Tian ◽  
Kartik Mody
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Long Term Effects

Introduction: The long-term effects of prenatal COVID-19 infection on the fetal brain are mostly unknown at this time however, there is increasing evidence being published. Case Report: Two cases of severe ventriculomegaly, neurological dysfunction, and seizures were found in neonates with prenatal exposure to COVID-19 infection during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. Conclusion: Inflammation during the prenatal and neonatal period may be associated with neurological disorders or injury. Despite the presumed lack of vertical transmission, post COVID-19 syndrome and its associated inflammation may have an impact on the unborn fetus. Hyper-vigilance and dissemination of adverse findings is of significant importance as we navigate through this evolving pandemic and its effects.

scholarly journals Parechovirus Genotype 3 Outbreak Among Young Infants in Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Inês Linhares ◽  
Ana Brett ◽  
Lurdes Correia ◽  
Henriqueta Pereira ◽  
Cristina Correia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Human Parechovirus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Type 3

Introduction: Human parechovirus type 3 has been recognized as a cause of pediatric infection, occasionally associated with serious illness, including sepsis and meningitis, particularly among young infants. The aim of this study is to report the first known human parechovirus type 3 outbreak in Portugal.Material and Methods: Descriptive study of an outbreak that occurred between the 8th June to the 12th August 2016. Laboratory diagnosis was made by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction in the cerebrospinal fluid and/or in stools. Genotyping was made by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction and sequencing in stool samples from infants and family members.Results: Human parechovirus type 3 infection was detected in seven infants, of which six were male. Median age was 23 days (5 - 52). One had seizures, with a magnetic resonance imaging scan showing white matter diffusion restriction. The mean duration of admission was 5.6 days (3 - 11), with favourable outcome in all. In three cases there were symptomatic close family members. Human parechovirus type 3 was identified in the stools of three mothers.Discussion: Even though human parechovirus type 3 infection has been well described in the presented age group, most Portuguese hospitals do not have this laboratory diagnosis. Our results are comparable to those obtained in other countries. Besides detection of the virus in the cerebrospinal fluid, there were no raised local or systemic inflammatory markers.Conclusion: This study reports the first known outbreak, in infants, of human parechovirus type 3 in Portugal. Although there is no specific treatment, this diagnosis can avoid unnecessary empirical antibiotic treatment and prolonged admissions.

scholarly journals Specific Association of Human Parechovirus Type 3 with Sepsis and Fever in Young Infants, as Identified by Direct Typing of Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples

2009 ◽  
Vol 199 (12) ◽  
pp. 1753-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Harvala ◽  
I. Robertson ◽  
T. Chieochansin ◽  
E. C. McWilliam Leitch ◽  
K. Templeton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Human Parechovirus ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
Type 3
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