Influence of alterations in heart rate on left ventricular echocardiographic measurements in healthy cats

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 841-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Sugimoto ◽  
Yoko Fujii ◽  
Yuto Ogura ◽  
Hiroshi Sunahara ◽  
Takuma Aoki
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Atrial Pacing ◽  
Free Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular Free Wall ◽  
Linear Fashion ◽  
Significant Relationships

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sudden alterations in heart rate (HR) on left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and dimensions determined by echocardiography in healthy cats. Methods Six experimental cats were used. All cats were anaesthetised and HR was controlled with right atrial pacing. The interventricular septum and left ventricular free wall thickness at end diastole (IVSd and LVFWd, respectively), left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameter (LVIDd and LVIDs, respectively) and shortening fraction (FS) of each cat were assessed using echocardiography at pacing rates of 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170 and 180 ppm. Results There were significant relationships between HR and IVSd, LVFWd, LVIDd, LVIDs and FS. As the HR increased, LV wall thickness increased and chamber dimensions got smaller in a linear fashion. The maximum and minimum differences in wall thickness between 120 ppm and 180 ppm were 2.0 mm and 0.7 mm in single measurements, respectively. Conclusions and relevance LV wall thickness and dimensions were significantly influenced by alterations in HR.

Relation Between Magnesium and Potassium Concentrations in Myocardium, Skeletal Muscle, and Mononuclear Blood Cells

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 2444-2448 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Reinhart ◽  
S K Broste ◽  
S Spencer ◽  
J J Marx ◽  
R G Haas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Atrial Appendage ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Free Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular Free Wall ◽  
Right Atrial Appendage ◽  
Mononuclear Blood Cells

Abstract Potassium and magnesium were measured in 26 cardiac surgery patients (right atrial appendage), 23 autopsy subjects (right atrial appendage, left ventricular free wall, and skeletal muscle), and 9 healthy volunteers (mononuclear blood cells) to determine whether there was a relation between these two ions in the tissues measured. In the cardiac surgery patients, the potassium and magnesium concentrations were 46.35 +/- 3.89 and 4.40 +/- 0.58 (mean +/- SD, mumol/g wet weight tissue), respectively, and were significantly correlated (r = 0.54, P = 0.005). In the autopsy group, the respective concentrations were: for right atrial appendage, 30.54 +/- 10.18 and 3.66 +/- 0.70 mumol/g (r = 0.38, P = 0.14); left ventricular free wall, 60.69 +/- 17.93 and 7.74 +/- 1.73 mumol/g (r = 0.92, P = 0.0001); and skeletal muscle, 93.05 +/- 20.49 and 8.64 +/- 2.06 mumol/g (r = 0.91, P = 0.0001). In the healthy volunteer group, the results for potassium and magnesium in mononuclear blood cells were 42 +/- 9.9 and 3.99 +/- 0.70 fmol/cell, respectively (r = 0.94, P = 0.0001). Thus, potassium and magnesium concentrations were significantly correlated in all the tissues measured.

scholarly journals Echocardiographic, morphometric and biomarker changes in female cats followed from 6 to 24 months of life

2020 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2094368
Author(s):  
Ingrid MJ van Hoek ◽  
Jeremy Laxalde ◽  
David J Connolly ◽  
John E Rush ◽  
Lisa M Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Free Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular Free Wall ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Left Atrium Diameter ◽  
Over Time

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate cardiac size and early growth through echocardiographic, bodyweight (BW), body condition score (BCS), morphometric and biomarker changes in cats followed from 6 to 24 months of age. Methods Twenty-four female European shorthair colony cats were evaluated at birth for BW and at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of age for BW, BCS, head length (HL) and head width (HW), N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and echocardiographic measurements. Results BCS, HW, left ventricular free wall in diastole, left atrium diameter and aortic diameter increased significantly between 6 and 12 months, while BW, HL and interventricular septum in diastole increased significantly between 6, 12 and 18 months, and BW decreased significantly between 18 and 24 months. NT-proBNP decreased significantly between 6 and 12 months. IGF-1 increased significantly between 6 and 12 months but decreased significantly between 12 and 18 months. Conclusions and relevance This study prospectively evaluated changes in echocardiographic measurements, BW, BCS, HL, HW, IGF-1 and NT-proBNP in cats during the first 2 years of life. Results show a comparable change over time for different variables. These findings contribute to the understanding of a possible relationship between cardiac measures and body size from young age through to adulthood.

Subacute Left Ventricular Free-Wall and Double Cardiac Rupture: Clinical Features and Surgical Considerations of a Surgically Salvageable Condition

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Harinder Singh Bedi ◽  
Vijay Kumar Sharma ◽  
Vijay Kohli ◽  
Anil Mishra ◽  
Ashok Jayant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accident ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Rupture ◽  
Free Wall ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Left Ventricular Free Wall

Subacute cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction carries a high mortality. This article describes 4 cases—3 with rupture of the left ventricle and 1 with a combined rupture of the left ventricle and interventricular septum (double rupture). All patients were successfully operated; however, the patient with the double rupture died of a massive cerebrovascular accident on the 8th postoperative day. The importance of early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention is discussed, along with a review of the literature.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Non-Invasive Assessment of Diastolic and Systolic Functional Parameters in Relation to Heart Rate

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (05) ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
R. P. Spielmann ◽  
M. Geiger ◽  
A. Clausen ◽  
K.-H. Kuck ◽  
R. Montz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Radionuclide Ventriculography ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Atrial Pacing ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Ventricular Compliance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Left Ventricular Compliance

SummaryHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) is characterized by reduced left ventricular compliance and subsequent filling abnormalities. To study the pathophysiologic changes in parameters of left ventricular systolic and diastolic performance as a function of increasing heart rate 14 patients with HC (32 ± 12 yrs; 11 M, 4 F) and 4 normal individuals were subjected to equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography (99mTc-labelled red blood cells) at rest and during incremental right atrial pacing; heart rate was increased in steps of 20 beats per min from basal state to the individual symptom-limited endpoint. Mean symptom-limited heart rate was 141 ± 28 in HC and 160 in normals (p <.01.). At each pacing level filling and ejection parameters as well as the left ventricular endsystolic (LVESV) and enddiastolic volume (LVEDV) were determined relative to resting volumes at a heart rate of 78 ± 8. At the individual maximal pacing rate HC revealed a decline in LVEDV to 61 ± 4 % (p C.001) and an increase in LVESV to 117 ± 14% (p <.001) resulting in decreasing ejection fractions at heart rates above 120. Peak LV filling rates initially increased but subsequently decreased steeply at heart rates above 100; peak LV ejection rates in HC showed a similar pattern with increasing frequency. Time inter- vais to peak ejection and peak filling rate did not differ from normal. Thus, patients with HC demonstrated combined left ventricular diastolic and systolic abnormalities with increasing heart rate leading into a low-input low-output circulatory state. This probably explains not only the symptoms associated with HC, but also supports the concept of “hemodynamic syncope” in HC.

Effects of asynchrony on myocardial relaxation at rest and during exercise in conscious dogs

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (5) ◽  
pp. H817-H822 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Heyndrickx ◽  
P. J. Vantrimpont ◽  
M. F. Rousseau ◽  
H. Pouleur
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Atrial Pacing ◽  
Ventricular Pacing ◽  
Right Ventricular Pacing ◽  
Relaxation Phase

The effect of left ventricular asynchrony induced by right ventricular pacing on relaxation indexes was studied at rest and during exercise in seven conscious dogs instrumented for chronic measurements of left ventricular pressure, coronary blood flow, and arterial pressure and with right atrial and ventricular pacing electrodes. Increasing heart rate with atrial pacing resulted in an increase in both left ventricular maximum and minimum rates of pressure development, LV dP/dtmax and LV dP/dtmin, respectively, as well as in a decrease in the relaxation constant T. In contrast, increasing heart rate with ventricular pacing resulted in a decrease in LV dP/dtmax, a small increase in LV dP/dtmin, and a significant decrease in T. During exercise with heart rate kept constant with atrial pacing, both LV dP/dtmax and LV dP/dtmin increased and T decreased to the same extent as during exercise in sinus rhythm. In contrast, exercising during right ventricular pacing resulted in a significant increase in T, expressing a slowing of relaxation. It is concluded that increasing heart rate alone in the presence of asynchrony of LV contraction induced by abnormal electrical activation results in a depressed contractile response, while the relaxation phase is not significantly affected. However, during sympathetic stimulation, a condition where synchronization should be improved, the relaxation phase is considerably lengthened.

scholarly journals Dynamic Changes in Left Ventricular Free Wall Thickness in the Human Heart

Circulation ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
LESLIE M. EBER ◽  
HARVEY M. GREENBERG ◽  
JOHN M. COOKE ◽  
RICHARD GORLIN
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Free Wall ◽  
Free Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular Free Wall ◽  
Dynamic Changes
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