scholarly journals Retrospective study of the presentation, diagnosis and management of 16 cats with otitis media not due to nasopharyngeal polyp

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1082-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Swales ◽  
Aiden Foster ◽  
Natalie Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Patient Records ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Small Cohort

Objectives The aim of this study was to analyse retrospectively cats diagnosed with otitis media (OM) not due to nasopharyngeal polyp, and to review the clinical outcome with surgical and medical management. Methods Patient records were searched for cats diagnosed with OM. The diagnosis of OM was based on the presence of clinical signs, including neurological signs, respiratory signs and signs of otitis externa, and on the basis of evidence of thickened or irregular bullae walls, or the presence of fluid within the tympanic cavity in those that had diagnostic imaging. In those that did not have imaging, the diagnosis was made on the basis of the presence of fluid in the bulla or organisms cultured using myringotomy. These records were analysed retrospectively. Results Of 16 cats, one had a total ear canal ablation, five had ventral bulla osteotomy surgery and 11 were medically managed. Of the cats that were medically managed, using either topical products, systemic antimicrobials or a combination of both, eight had complete resolution of clinical signs. Conclusions and relevance This small cohort shows that some cats with OM can be successfully managed medically. Surgery is invasive and may not necessarily be required if appropriate medical management is undertaken. This is the first study of OM treatment in cats and provides the basis for further studies, which should aim to establish specific infectious causes of OM and how they can potentially be managed with medical therapies.

scholarly journals A Pathologic and Bacteriologic Study on Otitis Media in Swine

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shimada ◽  
T. Adachi ◽  
T. Umemura ◽  
K. Kohno ◽  
Y. Sakaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
Inflammatory Lesions ◽  
Auditory Tube ◽  
Actinomyces Pyogenes ◽  
The Brain

A pathologic and bacteriologic study on otitis media in swine was performed on 237 swine, ranging in age from 1 day to 1 year. These 237 swine from eight selected farms were slaughtered due to unfavorable prognosis associated with clinical signs of illness. One hundred sixty-three (68.8%) of the 237 swine were found to be affected with otitis, though only a few swine showed clinical signs characteristic of the disease. One hundred fifty-one (63.7%), 53 (22.4%), and 39 (16.5%) had lesions in the middle, external, and internal ear, respectively. Of the 151 cases with otitis media, bilateral and unilateral infection accounted for 114 (75.5%) and 37 (24.5%), respectively. Only 5/53 swine with otitis externa and 6/39 swine with otitis interna failed to show otitis media. All swine with infection in the tympanic cavity had inflammatory lesions in the auditory tube. Examination of the swine grouped by age revealed that, regardless of age, incidence of otitis media was 50–70%. In swine younger than 1 month old, otitis media tended to center on the auditory tube, where a mild infiltration of neutrophils into the mucous membrane was frequent. Thereafter, otitis media increased in degree and extent with age. Forty (26.5%) of the 151 swine affected with otitis media were accompanied by a substantial amount of inflammatory exudate in the tympanic cavity and bulla. Purulent exudate was found in 20/40 (50%) swine. Severe otitis media prevailed in swine between 1 and 4 months of age, showing inspissation of a suppurative exudate in the tympanic cavity and lysis of the underlying osseous wall of the tympanic bulla with subsequent fibrosis. Microorganisms, such as Pasteurella multocida, coryneform group E, and Actinomyces pyogenes, were the prominent isolates from the exudate in the tympanic cavity or in the tympanic bulla of the 19 swine examined. Most cases of otitis externa and interna (the latter infection frequently [22/23] extended to the brain) were associated with severe otitis media. Based on these results, otitis media prevails from the early stages of life and occurs first as an acute inflammation in the auditory tube, and then extends to the other components of the ear and the brain.

scholarly journals Features of external auditory canal anatomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
I. A. Anikin ◽  
◽  
S. A. Eremin ◽  
A. E. Shinkareva ◽  
S. I. Sitnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Sound Wave ◽  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Ear Diseases ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
The Relationship

The external auditory canal is not only a part of the external ear, but also an integral part of the human auditory system, which conducts and amplifies the sound wave. In the field of otosurgery, it is often the priority access to the tympanic cavity, and therefore it is necessary to clearly understand the features of its anatomy. The dimensions and anatomy of the external auditory canal are extremely variable: the length is 2–3,5 cm, the diameter ranges from 5-9 mm, it is somewhat curved in the horizontal and frontal planes and consists of a membranous cartilaginous part and a bony part, between which there is the most the bottleneck – the isthmus. The ear canal is covered with skin, the thickness and structure of which depends on the section of the ear canal. The membranous cartilaginous section contains sebaceous and sulfur glands. Studies identify several forms of the bony part of the ear canal: conical, hourglass-shaped, ovoid, reverse conical, and cylindrical. The endoscopic scale (CES) for the visibility of the tympanic membrane was also proposed for the convenience of assessment. It has been suggested that the shape of the external auditory canal is an etiological factor in chronic otitis externa. Unambiguous interpretations of the relationship between ear diseases and the shape of the external auditory canal have not yet been obtained, but modern developments tend to consider its importance in the development of ear diseases. Clinical observations show that certain anatomical forms of it may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation, since they interfere with proper self-cleaning.

Ear canal microbiota - a comparison between healthy dogs and atopic dogs without clinical signs of otitis externa

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-e140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Ngo ◽  
Bernard Taminiau ◽  
Papa Aboulaye Fall ◽  
Georges Daube ◽  
Jacques Fontaine
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Healthy Dogs

scholarly journals Generalised tetanus in a cat

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e000907
Author(s):  
Bethan Farrar ◽  
Francois-Xavier Liebel
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Nursing Management ◽  
Distal Limb ◽  
Tetanus Antitoxin ◽  
Mild Improvement ◽  
Uncommon Condition

This case report describes the presentation of a cat with generalised tetanus, which is uncommon in this species. The onset of clinical signs with focal limb rigidity occurred one week following a wound on the distal limb. The cat progressed to permanent recumbency with generalised signs of extensor rigidity and the classical facial expression as typically seen in generalised tetanus in dogs. After five days of hospitalisation and treatment with metronidazole, tetanus antitoxin and analgesia, mild improvement in the ability to ambulate was seen. Reassessment four weeks later after continued nursing management at home showed near-complete resolution of the clinical signs. This case report highlights the neurological and clinical signs of generalised tetanus, which is an uncommon condition in cats, and the success of medical management, which can be achieved in a first-opinion setting.

Subtotal Ear Canal Ablation in 18 Dogs and One Cat With Minimal Distal Ear Canal Pathology

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle G. Mathews ◽  
Elizabeth M. Hardie ◽  
K. Marcia Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Medical Management ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Modified Technique

A modified technique for performing total ear canal ablations is described. This technique requires less dissection than the standard technique and maintains a portion of the distal vertical ear canal. Subtotal ear canal ablations were performed in 18 dogs and one cat for the treatment of otitis externa or masses of the horizontal ear canal. Animals with otitis externa had minimal involvement of the distal ear canal. Dermatological problems associated with the remaining ear canal and pinnae occurred in eight animals and resolved with medical management. Normal ear carriage was maintained in all animals with erect ears. Further investigation is required before the procedure can be recommended as a treatment for otitis externa not caused by masses or anatomical abnormalities of the horizontal ear canal in dogs with pendulous ears.

Primary bronchotomy for removal of an intrabronchial foreign body in a dog

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 582-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Pacchiana ◽  
PK Burnside ◽  
BE Wilkens ◽  
DE McDonald ◽  
SL Gillings
Keyword(s):  
Medical Management ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mainstem Bronchus ◽  
Canine Tooth ◽  
Lung Lobectomy ◽  
Orthopedic Injuries ◽  
The Right

An 8-year-old, spayed female toy poodle presented with wounds sustained from a dog fight. The multiple orthopedic injuries present were managed surgically. Months later, a chronic cough developed secondary to an aspirated canine tooth in the mainstem bronchus of the right cranial lung that was nonresponsive to medical management. A thoracotomy and primary bronchotomy were performed to remove the aspirated tooth, resulting in complete resolution of clinical signs. Bronchial foreign bodies are rarely diagnosed in companion animals. Primary bronchotomy is an alternative to bronchoscopy or lung lobectomy in cases that do not respond to medical management.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of otitis externa and otitis media in dogs and cats

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
Nikola Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Diseases of the outer and middle ear (Otitis externa and Otitis media) are a frequent clinical problem which is mostly approached in the wrong way. We believe that the approach to a diseased ear in dogs or cats by practicing veterinarians in our country is most often incorrect. Namely, the conventional approach to inflammation of the outer ear is narrowed down to cleaning the ear, usually with cotton wool and hydrogen peroxide, and then by applying ear drops for veterinary or human use over the next few days. A somewhat more conscientious approach implies treatment using antibiotics, topical and/or systemic, but based on an antibiogram. If the presence of a foreign body is suspected, the veterinarian will use an otoscope, and this is where the entire diagnostic approach in our conditions usually ends. Such procedures most often fail to resolve the problem, so that the disease recurs after a certain time or becomes chronic recurrent Otitis externa, which is one of the biggest problems in dog dermatology. Experience shows that veterinarians here are generally not familiar with the pathogenesis of outer and middle ear infection, and that this is the reason why they approach diagnostics and therapy in the wrong way. The most important thing is to have in mind that bacteria and fungi linked with a pathological process in the ear canal are merely opportunistic microorganisms, and never primary pathogens, themselves responsible for Otitis externa. Antibiotic or antimycotic treatment does not cure the basic disease which led to the inflammation, but only its consequences. A large number of factors involved in the inflammation of the outer or middle ear are traditionally divided into primary, predisposing, secondary, and underlying. The basis for the successful treatment of Otitis externa and Otitis media is the recognition, elimination or control of the primary factors (atopy, nutritive allergy, keratinization disorders, parasitic infestations). The predisposing factors should be observed in order to reduce the incidence of recurrence. The most frequent predisposing factor are hairs in the ear canal or on the concave side of pendulous ear conches. There are also frequent damages or excessive humidity in the canal as a consequence of irregular treatment of the outer ear. Among the predisposing factors are also abnormalities in the structure of the ear canal, such as stenosis which is often present in shar-pei-dogs. Secondary factors - bacteria and fungi, are in our conditions wrongly considered causes of ear inflammations. Their control leads to a clinical improvement, but not to the lasting cure of the process of this disease. Supportive factors are the main reason for the poor response to therapy. They are expressed as progressive pathological changes in the outer ear canal itself, changes in the tympanic membrane, and changes in the middle ear. The effect of therapy can be positive only provided the listed factors, which participate in the ear inflammation to a greater or smaller degree, are kept in mind and treated as such, but, unfortunately, this is often not the case.

scholarly journals Otitis externa in the dog and the eat

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. KOUTINAS (Α.Φ. ΚΟΥΤΙΝΑΣ) ◽  
M. N. SARIDOMICHELAKIS (Μ.Ν. ΣΑΡΙΔΟΜΙΧΕΛΑΚΗΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Ear Canals ◽  
Initial Lesions

Otitis externa is the most common disorder of the cat ear canal in small animals, with a higher incidence in dogs than in cats. It has a multifactorial etiology comprising of numerous predisposing, primary and perpetuating factors. The most important primary causes are atopy, food allergy, otodectic mange, foreign bodies, endocrinopathies and keratinisation disorders. Bacteria and yeasts residing in the ear canal usually complicate the initial lesions thus leading to the establishment of ceruminous or suppurative otitis externa. Otitis media and chronic hyperplastic changes of the ear canal are hold responsible for the perpetuation of the disease. A diagnosis is easily made from the history, the cleaning of the ear canal and otoscopy, the cytologic and parasitologic examination of ear exudates, the bacterial culture and sensitivity testing and the radiography (cartilage mineralization, otitis media). Evaluation and treatment of the underlying skin disease is always necessary. Therapy of otitis externa depends on identifying and controlling the predisposing and primary factors, whenever possible. Medical treatment includes cleaning of the ear canals and the middle ear, applying topicals and/or administering systemic medications (acaricides, antifungal agents, antibiotics, glucocorticoids). Corrective surgeries are indicated in the refractory to medical treatment cases.

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