DERMATITIS ULCERATIVA EN RATONES BALB/c Cmedc: REPORTE DE 3 CASOS

Ulcerative dermatitis (UD) is a common and spontaneous condition in mice. The disease is characterized by a pruritic skin lesion, pain and a progressive evolution that often results in ulcerations. Sex, environmental conditions, dietary variation, chronic inflammation, barbering and follicular dystrophy are some predisposing factors for the clinical disease development. The aim of this study was report 3 cases of UD in BALBc/Cmedc mice from Center for Comparative Medicine, gross and histopathological lesions were described, and a review about relevance of UD in laboratory mice was made. These cases were characterized by dermatitis, ulcerative and proliferative, chronic, moderate, with neutrophils, hemorrhage and a serocellular crust. Although initial lesions may be mild, lesions in UD typically are unresponsive to treatment and euthanasia is often warranted in severe cases. This is the reason why UD is an important clinical issue that often affects biomedical research by causing problems in mice health and premature removal of animal from laboratory studies.

Antibiotic Resistance Profile in Co-Infecting Bacteria Isolated from Sheep Dipslaying Orf Lesions

Antibiotic resistance in veterinary medicine poses lately increasing risks in therapeutic success and threatens the life of patients with various bacterial infections. Environmental bacteria are very likely to develop on the initial lesions induced by orf virus in sheep, worsening the development and prognosis of the disease. The research aimed at verifying the hypothesis that the persistence of the bacteria and thus, increased severity of the orf lesions is residing in the high antibiotic resistance of the co-infecting bacteria. The antibiotics used were gentamicine, cefuroxime, amoxicilline clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, penicillin and thrimetoprim. Multi antibiotic resistance indices were calculated for each strain. Based on the MAR index, at least two of the investigated environmental bacteria strains could further complicate orf lesions and delay the positive effects of the antibiotic therapy.

STENCIL'S METHOD OF POSTERIOR COMPOSITE RESTORATION : A CASE REPORT

Composite restorations have made their presence took notice and also have solidified their position in the field of dentistry because of their esthetic varieties, longer life and their capability to provide an instant result.New materials, techniques and equipment are available that may help to overcome many of the concerns such as technique sensitivity and polymerization shrinkage. Compared to amalgam, its use not only improves aesthetics but, more importantly, promotes a minimally invasive approach to cavity preparation. Variety of techniques has been developed for achieving the goal of perfect occlusal morphology which is crucial for occlusal integrity.This paper describes how stencil’s technique may be employed in the management of a carious lesion on the occlusal surface of a molar.Posterior teeth with initial lesions were confined to the occlusal surface of anatomically complex or fissured anatomy with or without signs of proximal caries which are ideal candidates for this technique.

Risk Prediction of Femoral Head Necrosis: A Finite Element Analysis Based on Fracture Mechanics

The aim of the present paper was to explore the effect of initial lesions on the course of femoral head necrosis. A fracture mechanics model of the femoral head was developed and validated using the computed tomography (CT) scan images of a healthy volunteer and material mechanics test results of fresh femur samples. The dynamic development of stresses and fractures of the femoral head with various initial lesions were simulated under various loads. The results showed that the initial lesion of the femoral head spreads faster and collapses deeper as the load increases. The location of the initial lesion has a significant effect on the collapse of the femoral head. The lesions in the anterior and lateral areas of the femoral head are more likely to accelerate the collapse of the femoral head than the lesions in other areas. This study is helpful in predicting the collapse risk and guiding the daily activities of patients with femoral head necrosis. Additionally, this study helps doctors to make better decisions about treatment options.

Caries Trends in the Primary Dentition of 6- to 7-Year-old Schoolchildren in Germany from 1994 to 2016: Results from the German National Oral Health Surveys in Children

Long-term nationally representative caries data in the primary dentition are rare, but nonetheless central to assess needs in caries prevention and treatment. This study evaluated the prevalence and trends of caries levels in the primary dentition of 6- to 7-year-olds in Germany as a whole and its federal states individually. In 2016, employing a randomized cluster selection, 6- to 7-year-old first graders were included in the National German Oral Health Survey performed regularly since 1994/95. Children were examined by 482 calibrated dentists in all 17 German regions using the WHO criteria for the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) including the assessment of initial carious lesions (it). In total, 151,555 6- to 7-year-olds were examined. Caries prevalence in the primary dentition dropped from 65% in 1994 to 44% in 2016, while the mean caries experience dropped from 2.89 to 1.73 dmft (dt = 0.74, mt = 0.19, ft = 0.80). When initial lesions were included, the mean caries experience increased to idmft = 2.12 (it = 0.38). In 2016, 49.7% of the examined 6- to 7-year-olds were caries-free including initial lesions. The Care Index at the tooth level was 57.5%, and the Significant Caries Index was 4.84 dmft. Depending on the German region, the mean dmft varied considerably, ranging from 1.37 to 2.31. In conclusion, despite the overall caries decline in 6- to 7-year-olds in Germany, only minor caries reductions were observed over the last decade, with a still existing high proportion of untreated dental decay. This calls for more effective preventive and restorative efforts with focus on the primary dentition in Germany.

Otitis externa in the dog and the eat

Otitis externa is the most common disorder of the cat ear canal in small animals, with a higher incidence in dogs than in cats. It has a multifactorial etiology comprising of numerous predisposing, primary and perpetuating factors. The most important primary causes are atopy, food allergy, otodectic mange, foreign bodies, endocrinopathies and keratinisation disorders. Bacteria and yeasts residing in the ear canal usually complicate the initial lesions thus leading to the establishment of ceruminous or suppurative otitis externa. Otitis media and chronic hyperplastic changes of the ear canal are hold responsible for the perpetuation of the disease. A diagnosis is easily made from the history, the cleaning of the ear canal and otoscopy, the cytologic and parasitologic examination of ear exudates, the bacterial culture and sensitivity testing and the radiography (cartilage mineralization, otitis media). Evaluation and treatment of the underlying skin disease is always necessary. Therapy of otitis externa depends on identifying and controlling the predisposing and primary factors, whenever possible. Medical treatment includes cleaning of the ear canals and the middle ear, applying topicals and/or administering systemic medications (acaricides, antifungal agents, antibiotics, glucocorticoids). Corrective surgeries are indicated in the refractory to medical treatment cases.

Presence of Initial Caries Lesions as a Risk Factor for Caries in Preschool Children: A Cohort Study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of initial noncavitated caries lesions on cavitated caries increment in preschool children. A 2-year cohort study was designed to include the participants of a survey on dental caries performed in 2010. Preschool children (12-59 months old) were examined for dental caries and classified as children with no caries lesions, with only initial lesions, with at least 1 moderate caries lesion, and with extensive lesions. Socioeconomic data were also collected. After 2 years, 466 children were re-examined (follow-up rate of 72.9%) only for cavitated lesions. Association between caries incidence at 2 levels of severity and caries experience and other variables was evaluated using hierarchical Poisson regression analysis. The children with moderate and extensive caries lesions at baseline presented a higher risk of presenting both outcomes than the children with no caries lesions. Nevertheless, the children with only initial lesions had a higher risk of developing at least 1 new cavitated carious lesion, but not for a more severe increment in caries. Subgroup analysis stratified by the children's age showed that the influence of the presence of initial caries lesions on cavitated caries increment was only observed in children aged 12-35 months. In conclusion, although the presence of moderate and extensive lesions at baseline is a significant predictor for cavitated caries increment after 2 years in preschool children at all ages, the presence of only initial caries lesions is also associated, but with less severe caries incidence.

Mucosal breaks show same circumferential distribution in majority of patients with recurrent reflux esophagitis

Background and study aims Esophageal mucosal breaks in patients with reflux esophagitis (RE) have a unique circumferential distribution. However, the specific location of mucosal breaks during recurrence of RE remains unclear. We investigated the circumferential distribution of mucosal breaks in patients with recurrent RE and compared their location to that noted at the initial diagnosis. Patients and methods We retrospectively enrolled patients with recurrent RE with Los Angeles (LA) grade A-C who were treated at our University Hospital between July 1996 and June 2014. The circumferential distribution of esophageal mucosal breaks was evaluated at the time of the initial diagnosis and again at the time of recurrence. Information regarding clinical parameters, including proton pump inhibitor administration, presence of hiatal hernia, and mucosal atrophy, was also reviewed. Results A total of 114 patients with recurrent RE were examined during the study period, with a mean duration to recurrence after initial diagnosis of 39.4 months. The majority (72.8 %) had the same LA grade at recurrence. In addition, recurrent mucosal breaks in 96 (84.2 %) patients were observed to have occurred in the same circumferential location as at the initial diagnosis, while those in 18 (15.8 %) were observed in a different location. When recurrent lesions had a different location, the LA grade also tended to be different (P = 0.02). Conclusions We found that most patients with recurrent RE developed lesions in the same circumferential location as noted for the initial lesions. Those in different locations at recurrence were associated with a change in LA grade.

Origins of Ghost Drusen: A follow-up Analysis

Purpose Ghost drusen (GD) are pyramidal or dome-shaped retinal pigment epithelium elevations observed in some geographic atrophy (GA) areas in the context of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The purpose was to investigate the first morphologic features preceding GD on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) on patients with GA associated with AMD. Methods A retrospective observational study was performed on a series of patients with GA that had at least 3 years of follow-up. Using the follow-up tool of SD-OCT, we tracked the initial lesions that could lead to GD. Results Among 442 patients with GA, 37 had well defined GD (8%). We included the 17/37 patients (31 eyes) with at least 3 years of follow-up for analysis, which led to a total of 582 counted GD. Most GD were already present at the first visit, and remained stable. However, on 13 of the 582 analyzed GD (2.2%), soft drusen were shown as the initial lesion, which progressively turned into GD. Conclusions GD were observed in less than 10% of eyes with GA. None of the ghost drusen turned into another shaped lesion, suggesting that GD is a possible final stage of evolution. In a few cases, large drusen were shown as the primary lesion that progressed into GD.