scholarly journals 64-multidetector CT anatomical assessment of the feline bronchial and pulmonary vascular structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 893-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Panopoulos ◽  
Edoardo Auriemma ◽  
Swan Specchi ◽  
Alessia Diana ◽  
Marco Pietra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
Number Of Branches

Objectives The aim of the study was to provide a detailed anatomical study of the feline bronchial and vascular structures by using CT angiography (CTA). Methods Adult cats with no respiratory clinical signs were enrolled in a CTA protocol to provide an anatomical study of the thorax. The dimensions, number of branches and branching pattern (monopodial vs dichotomic) of both bronchial and pulmonary vascular structures were evaluated under positive inspiration apnoea. A linear generalised estimating equations analysis (Spearman’s rho) was used to identify statistical correlation between tracheal diameter, age and body weight of the cats. Results Fourteen cats met the inclusion criteria. The pulmonary arteries had larger diameters than the pulmonary veins, and the pulmonary veins had larger diameters than the bronchial structures. A higher number of segmental bronchial and pulmonary vascular branches was observed in the left caudal lung lobe than in the other lobes. The monopodial branching pattern of both bronchial and pulmonary vascular structures was predominant in all cats of our study (100%) in cranial, caudal and right middle lung lobes, while a dichotomic branching pattern of the bronchial and pulmonary vascular structures of the accessory lung lobe was seen in 13 cats (93%). Thirteen cats (93%) had three pulmonary vein ostia, and one cat (7%) also presented with an additional left intermediate pulmonary vein ostium. Variation in the number of segmental pulmonary vein branches was noted in the right caudal lung lobe. There was no statistical correlation between tracheal diameter, age and weight. Conclusions and relevance Architecture of the feline bronchovascularr structures belongs to a mixed type of monopodial and dichotomic branching pattern. In cats, the pulmonary venous drainage system predominately presents three pulmonary vein ostia. Variations in the type of formation and the number of branches of the pulmonary venous drainage system were noted.

scholarly journals Scimitar sign in the absence of anomalous pulmonary venous drainage: a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique Manso ◽  
Valéria de Melo Moreira ◽  
Vera Demarchi Aiello
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Scimitar Syndrome ◽  
Collateral Vessel ◽  
Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage ◽  
Anomalous Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Chest X Ray

Abstract Background Scimitar syndrome consists of anomalous pulmonary vein drainage to the inferior vena cava. Its name derives from the image this anomalous pulmonary vein creates on a chest radiograph. We describe a case of normal venous pulmonary vein drainage that also presented the scimitar sign due to an aorto-collateral vessel. Case summary A 15-month-old girl presented with mild dyspnoea and fever. Control chest X-ray showed an image of cardiac dextroposition, hypoplastic right lung, and the ‘scimitar sign’. Although the transthoracic echocardiogram confirmed the initial suspicion of anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, the computed tomography (CT) scan showed normal right pulmonary veins connected to the left atrium and revealed that an aorto-collateral vessel caused the scimitar sign. Discussion Although the patient had several typical alterations of the scimitar syndrome, the pulmonary venous connection was normal, and the scimitar sign was due to an aorto-collateral vessel. It might be difficult to describe venous pulmonary connections on the basis of echocardiography, so an angio CT scan proved to be a valuable tool in this scenario.

Common and Uncommon Variations of Pulmonary Venous Drainage in Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Lobectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (03) ◽  
pp. 256-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Amore ◽  
Dino Casazza ◽  
Pasquale Imitazione ◽  
Carlo Curcio
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Thoracoscopic Surgery ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Vascular Anomalies ◽  
Apical Segment ◽  
Venous Anatomy ◽  
Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

Abstract Background Variations in pulmonary venous anatomy should not be undermined by thoracic surgeons during procedures which involve the pulmonary veins. Methods We have identified vascular anomalies in 25 of 346 patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy at our Thoracic Surgery Unit, between December 2016 and November 2018. Results Some vascular anomalies described have not been reported in recent literature and include right V7 draining into the middle lobe pulmonary vein, accessory right V6 behind the bronchus intermedius, two V6 from the apical segment of left lower lobe, two V6 from the apical segment of right lower lobe, and one of them draining into the superior pulmonary vein. Conclusion Thoracic surgeons should be aware of this type of anomalies because failure in the preoperative or intraoperative identification of the pulmonary venous variations may lead to serious complications.

scholarly journals P648 Right heart volume overload after surgical correction of atrial septal defect sinus venosus type with partial anomalous pulmonary veins drainage

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Ruiz-Zamora ◽  
L Alvarez-Roy ◽  
G Pinillos-Francia ◽  
A Gutierrez-Fernandez ◽  
M Gomez-Llorente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Sinus Venosus ◽  
The Right

Abstract 40 year-old male with history of congenital heart disease. Atrial septal defect (ASD) sinus venosus type associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (PAPVD) was diagnosed during childhood and surgically repaired at the age of three. Since then the patient was asymptomatic and he was lost to follow up when reached adulthood. A transthorathic echocardiogram was performed during a hospitalization because of a complicated pneumonia. A severe dilatation of right chambers and main pulmonary artery was observed. The estimated Qp:Qs by this technique was 2.0 but the atrial septum seemed to be intact. Agitated saline was administered in this procedure and no passage of microbubbles was observed. A cardiac MRI was performed because of suspicion of anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. The findings observed in the echocardiogram were confirmed and an uncommon PAPVD was demonstrated by this technique: the superior left pulmonary vein drainaged into a dilated innominated vein. Also, a small pulmonary vein from the right upper lobe emptied into a "venous conduct" (yellow circle) located posterior to the superior cava vein (SCV) that later drainaged into the right atrium under the mouth of the SVC, posterior to the interatrial septum. Surgically correctioin of the PAPVD was performed. Discussion PAPVD is a congenital heart disease characterized by the drainage of one or several pulmonary veins –but not all of them- into the right atrium or systemic veins, which leads to left-to-right shunting. The estimated incidence of this disease ranges between 0.1 and 0.2% of the general population. The right superior pulmonary vein is the most frequently involved and is commonly associated to ASD sinus venosus type. Bilateral anomalous drainage, as occurred in this case, is exceptional. Furhermore, this case highlights the importance of long-term follow-up in patients with congenital heart disease due to the fact that, even when the disease is considered to be cured, long term complications could appear compromising the prognosis of the patient. Abstract P648 Figure. Unusual PAPVD

DEVELOPMENT OF THE PULMONARY VEINS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 880-887
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Neill
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Atrial Septum ◽  
Sinus Venosus ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Left Auricle ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Pulmonary Vein

The examination of serial sections of human embryos between 24 and 34 days (3 to 11 mm) and the use of plastic reconstructions, showed that the common pulmonary vein develops as an outgrowth from the medial superior wall of the left auricle and unites with the angioblastic plexus of the developing lung bud. No evidence was found that the vein connects directly with the sinus venosus in the early stages, and later shifts in position as the atrial septum grows. Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage is classified in four main types, and theories of development are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Common pulmonary vein atresia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Thomas Glenn ◽  
Jose Honold ◽  
Beth F. Printz ◽  
Dana Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Cardiac Ct ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Operative Repair ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Common Pulmonary Vein

Abstract A 4-hour-old infant with profound cyanosis on an alprostadil infusion was urgently transferred to Rady Children’s Hospital with suspected CHD. Upon arrival, urgent echocardiography was performed but could not confirm the presence of discrete pulmonary veins or pulmonary venous drainage. Given the difficulty in delineating the anatomy, a cardiac CT scan was performed and demonstrated a nearly atretic common pulmonary vein with multiple small collaterals that drained to systemic veins. Due to the high risk of mortality associated with operative repair, the decision was made to proceed with compassionate withdrawal of care. The described anatomy of common pulmonary vein atresia remains rare, and to our knowledge, fewer than 40 cases have been reported in the literature. Albeit rare, common pulmonary vein atresia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a severely cyanotic neonate.

Transcatheter therapy of anomalous systemic venous drainage

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-506
Author(s):  
Shahnawaz M. Amdani ◽  
Thomas J. Forbes ◽  
Daisuke Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Left Atrium ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Azygos Vein ◽  
Caval Vein ◽  
Superior Caval Vein ◽  
Inferior Caval Vein ◽  
The Right

AbstractAnomalous drainage of the right superior caval vein into the left atrium is a rare congenital anomaly that causes cyanosis and occult infection owing to right-to-left shunting. Transcatheter management of this anomaly is unique and rarely reported. We report a 32-year-old man with a history of brain abscess, who was diagnosed with an anomalous right superior caval vein draining to the left atrium; right upper pulmonary vein and right middle pulmonary vein draining into the inferior portion of the right superior caval vein; and a left superior caval vein draining into the right atrium through the coronary sinus without a bridging vein. Pre-procedural planning was guided by three-dimensional printed model. The right superior caval vein was occluded with a 16-mm Amplatzer muscular Ventricular Septal Defect occluder inferior to the azygous vein, but superior to the entries of right upper and middle pulmonary veins. This diverted the right superior caval vein flow to the inferior caval vein system through the azygos vein in a retrograde manner and allowed the right upper pulmonary vein and right middle pulmonary vein flow to drain into the left atrium normally, achieving exclusion of right-to-left shunting and allowing normal drainage of pulmonary veins into the left atrium. At the 6-month follow-up, his saturation improved from 93 to 97% with no symptoms of superior caval vein syndrome.

Inferior-type caval vein defect – echocardiographic and surgical description of a large series of patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munesh Tomar ◽  
Sitaraman Radhakrishnan ◽  
Sunil K. Kaushal ◽  
Kulbhushan S. Dagar ◽  
Krishna S. Iyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Septal Defect ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Transoesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Caval Vein ◽  
Inferior Caval Vein ◽  
The Right ◽  
Echocardiographic Findings

AbstractAimThis study was carried out to define the anatomical criteria for the diagnosis of inferior-type caval vein defect and compare the echocardiographic findings with surgical findings.MethodsThe records of 19 patients – 13 male and six female patients in the age group of 18 months to 27 years, who were diagnosed as inferior-type caval vein defect with or without anomalous drainage of right pulmonary vein(s) on echocardiography – were retrospectively reviewed and compared with surgical findings.ResultsSurgical diagnosis of inferior-type caval vein defect was confirmed in 17 of the 19 patients. In two patients, the surgical diagnosis was that of a large fossa ovalis atrial septal defect – confluent defect and fossa ovalis atrial septal defect with deficient inferior rim in one patient each. Surgical diagnosis of anomalous drainage of pulmonary vein(s) was based on the course of the superior rim of the defect in relation to the pulmonary veins. Our echocardiographic impression of the pulmonary veins appearing in its normal position but showing abnormal drainage to right atrium was in agreement with the surgical notes. Discrepancy was found in the number of pulmonary veins draining anomalously. The discordance was related to overdiagnosis of anomalous drainage in all except one, that is, three out of four. In one, only the right lower pulmonary vein was diagnosed to be anomalous, whereas both right upper and lower pulmonary veins were found to be anomalous.ConclusionsEchocardiography provides definite diagnosis of inferior-type caval vein defect. Inferior caval vein straddling and an intact fossa ovalis are prerequisites for diagnosis. Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the right pulmonary veins is very common in our series, although accurate diagnosis of the number of pulmonary veins was not possible in all cases. Multiple views on transthoracic echocardiography starting from the subxiphoid views delineate the morphology accurately. Transoesophageal echocardiography is required only in patients in whom the windows, especially the subxiphoid, are not adequate.

scholarly journals Metastatic renal cell carcinoma extending to the left atrium through the inferior pulmonary vein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G Dawson ◽  
Cathy J Richards ◽  
Leonidas Hadjinikolaou ◽  
Apostolos Nakas
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Inferior Pulmonary Vein ◽  
The Right

Abstract Metastatic renal cell carcinoma with involvement through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium is very rare. We report the case of a 70-year-old male with metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the right lower lobe of the lung abutting the inferior pulmonary vein with extension to the left atrium without pre-operative evidence. Surgical resection was achieved through a posterolateral thoracotomy. Lung masses that abut the pulmonary veins should prompt further investigation with a pre-operative transoesophageal echocardiogram to minimize unexpected intraoperative findings.

Spontaneous Pulmonary Vein Firing in Man: Relationship to Tachycardia-Pause Early Afterdepolarizations and Triggered Arrhythmia in Canine Pulmonary Veins In Vitro

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1067-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
EUGENE PATTERSON ◽  
WARREN M. JACKMAN ◽  
KAREN J. BECKMAN ◽  
RALPH LAZZARA ◽  
DEBORAH LOCKWOOD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Early Afterdepolarizations

scholarly journals XXII. Note on independent pulsation of the pulmonary veins and vena cava

1877 ◽  
Vol 25 (171-178) ◽  
pp. 174-176 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Artificial Respiration ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Vena Cava

In a former communication we incidentally mentioned that in a rabbit killed by the injection of cobra-poison into the jugular vein we had observed the pulmonary vein pulsating after all motion had ceased in the cavities of the heart. We have since observed the same phenomenon three or four times under conditions which show that this pulsation is not due to the action of the cobra-poison with which the animal in which we first observed it had been killed. The following example will show the changes in rhythm observed in these pulsations. A cat was chloroformed, and the vagi exposed and irritated by an interrupted current. Artificial respiration was kept up by air containing chloroform vapour, and the thorax was then opened, and a solution of atropia injected directly into the heart by means of a Wood’s syringe. The vagi were again irritated, but without any effect being produced on the heart, the inhibitory apparatus in it being evidently paralyzed by the atropia. A solution of glycerine extract of physostigma was now injected into the heart in a similar way. The vagi were now irritated again, and the heart stood still, the effect of the atropia having been counteracted by the physostigma. After the irritation ceased the heart again commenced to pulsate.

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