Ultrasonographic prevalence and proposed morphologic classification of bilobed gallbladder in cats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110556
Author(s):  
Heather N Spain ◽  
Dominique G Penninck ◽  
Michael Thelen
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Plane Image ◽  
Morphologic Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound Examination

Objectives Morphologic anomalies of the feline gallbladder (GB) have been previously reported in the literature. These morphologic variants are frequently encountered on routine abdominal ultrasound examination. The aim of this study was to provide an ultrasonographic classification system of these variants and document the overall incidence in the feline population. Methods A prospective, descriptive study was undertaken; cats that had an abdominal ultrasound examination that included at least one sagittal and transverse plane image of the GB were included. GB shape was evaluated and categorized based on a classification scheme of morphologic variants modified from the human literature. Septated (S), bilobed (B1, B2, B3), duplex (D) and complex (C) categories were described. Results Of 516 cats included in the study, 389 had normal GB morphology, while 127 had anomalous GB morphology. The overall incidence rate of anomalous GB morphology was 24.61%. When examined by morphologic type, the septated (S) morphology had an incidence of 9.69%. A bilobed (B) morphology was the most commonly observed classification; incidence was 14.35% within our population; incidence of B1, B2 and B3 subtypes were 2.91%, 6.98% and 4.46%, respectively. Duplex GBs only made up 0.39% of the total population. The incidence of complex (C) morphologies was 0.19%. Conclusions and relevance The incidence of GB morphologic anomalies was higher in our population than previously reported. Identification of these anomalies on routine ultrasound evaluation is common; numerous different morphologies can be identified and a standardized classification scheme is proposed. Complete evaluation of morphology can be challenging, particularly with regard to cystic duct anatomy. Clinical significance is uncertain and future studies are warranted to determine the relationship between morphologic variants and hepatobiliary disease.

scholarly journals Mucocele of Appendix – Rare Entity –A Case Report

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
KZ Shah ◽  
N Begum ◽  
MMR Khan ◽  
P Ahmed ◽  
SK Vadro
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Lesion ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Iliac Fossa ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Lower Abdomen ◽  
Appendiceal Mucocele ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound Examination

Appendiceal mucocele (AM) is a rare entity that can present in a variety of clinical syndrome. The prevalence is 0.2- 0.4 % among appendicectomies.1 A 48 Years old male patient came to our Centre for Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound (CNMU), Rajshahi for abdominal ultrasound examination. He had pain with vomiting and feeling of lumpiness in right side of lower abdomen. Ultrasonography (US) showed an elongated regular outlined semi-cystic lesion in right iliac fossa. Laparotomy done, per-operative finding reveled AM. Post-operatively histopathological examination report revealed AM. TAJ 2011; 24(1): 54-56

Gallbladder Stones, Cholecystitis and Cholecystectomy in Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Nelson ◽  
Ramesh Khanna ◽  
Raymond Mathews ◽  
Harry Yeung ◽  
George Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Gallbladder Disease ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Toronto Western Hospital ◽  
The Past ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound Examination

This paper describes a prospective three-year study using abdominal ultrasound examination in 114 new CAPD patients. Gallbladder disease was common (22.8%) and four of 16 patients with gallstones (25%) required cholecystectomy after 1–14 (i 7.8 months) on CAPD. Two of these four had evidence of peritonitis in association with cholecystitis. Also we analyzed the clinical course of eight patients on chronic PD who underwent cholecystectomy. They had no serious morbidity, and all returned to chronic PD. While abdominal pain is one of the main features of CAPD-related peritonitis, other causes of abdominal pain may be more difficult to evaluate in the patient on peritoneal dialysis (PD); such causes potentially are more serious because they threaten the continuance of PD as a mode of therapy. Cholecystitis related to cholelithiasis is one such possible cause of abdominal pain. However, since ultrasonography can reliably and non-invasively detect the presence of gallstones, we have used it prospectively to screen patients entering our CAPD training program. This paper reports our findings and the subsequent course of those found to have gallstones during a three-year period. In addition we also reviewed the feasibility of cholecystectomy, its hazards and outcome in eight patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis who underwent this procedure at Toronto Western Hospital in the past seven years.

scholarly journals Abdominal Ultrasound Examination Findings in 534 Hyperthyroid Cats Referred for Radioiodine Treatment Between 2007–2010

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.K. Nussbaum ◽  
T.D. Scavelli ◽  
D.M. Scavelli ◽  
J. Pintar ◽  
A.K. Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Radioiodine Treatment ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound Examination

Adrenal Myelolipoma in a Dog

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tursi ◽  
S. Iussich ◽  
M. Prunotto ◽  
P. Buracco
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Left Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Myelolipoma ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Hemosiderin Deposits ◽  
Adipose Cells ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound Examination

Abdominal ultrasound examination in an 11-year-old, intact, female Labrador dog with hepatic disease revealed a nodular swelling of the left adrenal gland. Hyperadrenocorticism was suspected, but endocrine tests were negative. At the owner's request, an adrenalectomy was performed. Grossly, a nodular mass protruded from the external surface of the left adrenal gland and in cut section was hemorrhagic and effaced the cortical and medullary regions. Histologic examination revealed a cortical neoplasm with medullary involvement. The mass was composed of well-differentiated adipose cells, megakaryocytes, hematopoietic cells, and macrophages containing hemosiderin deposits. A diagnosis of cortical adrenal myelolipoma was made.

scholarly journals Middle Cerebral Artery Bifurcation Aneurysms: An Anatomic Classification Scheme for Planning Optimal Surgical Strategies

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad W. Washington ◽  
Tao Ju ◽  
Gregory J. Zipfel ◽  
Ralph G. Dacey
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Parent Vessel ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Shape Pattern ◽  
Angiographic Data ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract BACKGROUND: Changing landscapes in neurosurgical training and increasing use of endovascular therapy have led to decreasing exposure in open cerebrovascular neurosurgery. To ensure the effective transition of medical students into competent practitioners, new training paradigms must be developed. OBJECTIVE: Using principles of pattern recognition, we created a classification scheme for middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation aneurysms that allows their categorization into a small number of shape pattern groups. METHODS: Angiographic data from patients with MCA aneurysms between 1995 and 2012 were used to construct 3-dimensional models. Models were then analyzed and compared objectively by assessing the relationship between the aneurysm sac, parent vessel, and branch vessels. Aneurysms were then grouped on the basis of the similarity of their shape patterns in such a way that the in-class similarities were maximized while the total number of categories was minimized. For each category, a proposed clip strategy was developed. RESULTS: From the analysis of 61 MCA bifurcation aneurysms, 4 shape pattern categories were created that allowed the classification of 56 aneurysms (91.8%). The number of aneurysms allotted to each shape cluster was 10 (16.4%) in category 1, 24 (39.3%) in category 2, 7 (11.5%) in category 3, and 15 (24.6%) in category 4. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that through the use of anatomic visual cues, MCA bifurcation aneurysms can be grouped into a small number of shape patterns with an associated clip solution. Implementing these principles within current neurosurgery training paradigms can provide a tool that allows more efficient transition from novice to cerebrovascular expert.

scholarly journals CantoCore: A new cross-cultural song classification scheme

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. Savage ◽  
Emily Merritt ◽  
Tom Rzeszutek ◽  
Steven Brown
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Performance Style ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Musical Evolution ◽  
The Relationship

Classification of organisms and languages has long provided the foundation for studying biological and cultural history, but there is still no accepted scheme for classifying songs cross-culturally. The best candidate, Lomax and Grauer’s “Cantometrics” coding scheme, did not spawn a large following due, in part, to concerns about its reliability. We present here a new classification scheme, called “CantoCore”, that is inspired by Cantometrics but that emphasizes its “core” structural characters rather than the more subjective characters of performance style. Using both schemes to classify the 30 songs from the Cantometrics Consensus Tape, we found that CantoCore appeared to be approximately 80% more reliable than Cantometrics. Nevertheless, Cantometrics still demonstrated significant reliability for all but its instrumental characters. Future multidisciplinary applications of CantoCore and Cantometrics to the cross-cultural study of musical similarity, musical evolution, musical universals, and the relationship between music and culture will provide the true test of each scheme’s value.

scholarly journals Large benign retroperitoneal tumour in pregnancy

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Berczi ◽  
Peter Osvath ◽  
Tibor Flasko
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Surgical Exploration ◽  
Retroperitoneal Tumour ◽  
The Right ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound Examination ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Cystic Adenoma

A 31-year-old female was in the 13th week of pregnancy when an abdominal ultrasound examination revealed a large retroperitoneal tumour. Magnetic resonance imaging was carried out and the imaging described a 10-cm mass in diameter extending from the right kidney. Given that the patient was in her first trimester and that there was a suspicion of malignancy, further surgical exploration of the tumour was warranted. During the operation, the tumour was removed, but nephrectomy was not necessary. Histologic analysis of the resected tumour showed a mucinous cystic adenoma, and no signs of malignancy were present. Following the surgery, the pregnancy was otherwise uneventful and further complications did not occur. This case illustrates that surgery is recommended in patients with a retroperitoneal tumour early during a pregnancy, when a malignancy cannot be excluded.

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