scholarly journals A pilot study of the effects of running training on visuospatial memory in MS: A stronger functional embedding of the hippocampus in the default-mode network?

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1594-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijn Huiskamp ◽  
Lousin Moumdjian ◽  
Paul van Asch ◽  
Veronica Popescu ◽  
Menno Michiel Schoonheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Visuospatial Memory ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Running Training ◽  
Default Mode

Background/objective: Endurance exercise can improve memory function in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), but the effects on hippocampal functioning are currently unknown. We investigated the effects of a running intervention on memory and hippocampal functional connectivity in pwMS. Methods/results: Memory and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected in a running intervention ( n = 15) and waitlist group ( n = 14). Visuospatial memory improvement was correlated to increased connectivity between the hippocampus and the default-mode network (DMN) in the intervention group only. Conclusion: As a result of endurance exercise, improvements in visuospatial memory may be mediated by a stronger functional embedding of the hippocampus in the DMN.

Altered Functional Connectivity within Default Mode Network in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Zhu ◽  
Lingyu Li ◽  
Yulin Song ◽  
Yu Han ◽  
Chengshu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Transient Ischemic Attack ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Ischemic Attack

Default mode network (DMN) is an important functional brain network that supports aspects of cognition. Stroke has been reported to be associated with functional connectivity (FC) impairments within DMN. However, whether FC within DMN changes in transient ischemic attack (TIA), an important risk factor for stroke, remains unclear. Forty-eight TIA patients and 41 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in this study. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging seed-based FC methods, we examined FC alterations within DMN in TIA patients, tested its associations with clinical information, and further explored the ability of FC abnormalities to predict follow-up ischemic attacks. We found significantly decreased FC of left middle temporal gyrus/angular gyrus both with medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (PCC/Pcu) and significantly decreased FC among each pair of mPFC, left PCC, and right Pcu in patients with TIA as compared with HCs. Moreover, the connectivity between mPFC and left PCC could predict future ischemic attacks of the patients. Collectively, these findings may provide insights into further understanding of the underlying pathological mechanism in TIA, and aberrant FC between the hubs within DMN may provide a reference for the imaging diagnosis and early intervention of TIA.

scholarly journals Use of resting state-functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess the utility of focused meditation in post-coronavirus disease cognitive dysfunction

2021 ◽  
pp. 351-353
Author(s):  
Atul Kapoor ◽  
Goldaa Mahajan ◽  
Aprajita Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
The Brain

Post-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) syndrome is a well-recognized entity in which cognitive brain dysfunction is the most common presentation. Diagnosis and management of such patients are challenging. We describe an important brain finding of post-COVID-19 syndrome on resting (rs)-functional magnetic resonance imaging by mapping the default mode network of the brain which becomes dysfunctional thus causing patient symptoms and its correction by the technique of focused meditation.

scholarly journals Resting state functional coupling between the ascending synchronising system, limbic system and the default mode network via theta oscillations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parnesh Raniga ◽  
Bryan Paton ◽  
Gary F. Egan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Default Mode

AbstractIn order to better understand dysfunction in dementia and psychiatric illnesses, the underlying neuronal systems that give rise to normal memory and cognitive processes need to be better understood. Based on electrophysiological recordings in animals, theta oscillations have been proposed as an intrinsic mechanism for the orchestration of memory functions, especially episodic and autobiographical memory. Theta oscillations are controlled by the ascending synchronising system, a set of nucleui in the pontine tegmentum and basal forebrain. At a network level, the default mode network has been shown to be responsible for episodic and autobiographical.Using resting state fMRI data, we show using an ICA approach, seed based connectivity and dynamic causal modelling that the ascending synchronising system is coupled to the medial temporal lobe nodes including the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus and with the default mode network. Our results provide thus support the role of theta oscillations in memory function and coordination at a network level.HighlightsResting state functional coupling between the DMN, MTL and ascending synchronising system.Theta oscillations may be the basis of this coupling given the role of these structures in control of theta.Theta oscillations have been implicated in memory, cognition and predictive coding.DMN, MTL and ASS are implicated in Alzheimer’s disease.AbbreviationsMRIMagnetic resonance imagingfMRIfunctional magnetic resonance imagingrs-fmriresting state functional magnetic resonance imagingPnOPontine nucleus oralisSuMSupra-mamillary nucleus.MSMedial septumDBDiagonal band of Broca.VTAventral tegmental areaPCCPosterior cingulate cortexHCHippocampusARASAscending reticular activating systemASSAscending synchronising systemDMNDefault Mode NetworkaMPFCAnterior Medial Prefrontal CortexpIPLPosterior inferior parietal lobuleNBMNucleus Basalis MynertDCMDynamic causal modellingPHGParahippocampal Gyrus

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