scholarly journals The COVID-19 Own Risk Appraisal Scale (CORAS): Development and validation in two samples from the United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532096742
Author(s):  
Rusi Jaspal ◽  
Emanuele Fino ◽  
Glynis M. Breakwell
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Risk Appraisal ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Development And Validation

Perceived risk is an important determinant of the adoption of preventive behaviours. In this article, the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Own Risk Appraisal Scale (CORAS), including its development and validation in two samples in the United Kingdom, are described. The CORAS is a measure of perceived personal risk of contracting the disease, incorporating primarily intuitive with some analytic risk estimates. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed on data from 470 participants in the United Kingdom who completed the CORAS, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and the COVID-19 Preventive Behaviours Index. Results showed that a unidimensional, six-item model fits the data well, with satisfactory fit indices, internal consistency and high item loadings onto the factor. We found no statistically significant differences by age, gender or ethnicity. The CORAS correlated positively with the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and the COVID-19 Preventive Behaviours Index, suggesting good concurrent validity.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors Index: Development and Validation in Two Samples From the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glynis M. Breakwell ◽  
Emanuele Fino ◽  
Rusi Jaspal
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Development And Validation

Monitoring compliance with, and understanding the factors affecting, COVID-19 preventive behaviors requires a robust index of the level of subjective likelihood that the individual will engage in key COVID-19 preventive behaviors. In this article, the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors Index (CPBI), including its development and validation in two samples in the United Kingdom, are described. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed on data from 470 participants in the United Kingdom who provided demographic information and completed the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the COVID-19 Own Risk Appraisal Scale (CORAS) and the CPBI. Results showed that a unidimensional, 10-item model fits the data well, with satisfactory fit indices, internal consistency and high item loadings onto the factor. The CPBI correlated positively with both fear and perceived risk of COVID-19, suggesting good concurrent validity. The CPBI is a measure of the likelihood of engaging in preventive activity, rather than one of intention or actual action. It is adaptable enough to be used over time as a monitoring instrument by policy makers and a modeling tool by researchers.

scholarly journals Working memory predictors of written mathematics in 7- to 8-year-old children

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Allen ◽  
David Giofrè ◽  
Steve Higgins ◽  
John Adams
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Variance Partitioning ◽  
Individual Contribution ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Mathematical Performance ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

There is extensive evidence for the involvement of working memory in mathematical attainment. This study aims to identify the relative contributions of verbal, spatial-simultaneous, and spatial-sequential working memory measures in written mathematics. Year 3 children (7–8 years of age, n = 214) in the United Kingdom were administered a battery of working memory tasks alongside a standardised test of mathematics. Confirmatory factor analyses and variance partitioning were then performed on the data to identify the unique variance accounted for by verbal, spatial-simultaneous, and spatial-sequential measures. Results revealed the largest individual contribution was that of verbal working memory, followed by spatial-simultaneous factors. This suggests the components of working memory underpinning mathematical performance at this age are those concerning verbal-numeric and spatial-simultaneous working memory. Implications for educators and further research are discussed.

scholarly journals How to Measure Baha’i Religiosity: The CRSi-20 for Baha’is as a First Reliable and Valid Measurement

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Demmrich
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Psychology Of Religion ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Public Practice ◽  
Valid Measurement ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Emic Perspective

The concepts and measurements in psychology of religion often adhere to its Judeo-Christian roots, which causes problems when measuring non-Christian religiosity. In this paper, two successive studies are presented. The first study applied Huber’s CRS-15, while the second study used the CRSi-20. Both samples consisted of believers of the non-Christian, Abrahamic Baha’i religion in Germany. In the first study, in which N = 472 participated (MAge = 43.22, SDAge = 15.59, 60.0% female), the reliability and validity issues related to items of public practice and experience of the CRS-15 were uncovered. After modifying the content of these items and adding the five additional items of the interreligious CRSi-20, which was tested among N = 324 participants (MAge = 47.12, SDAge = 17.06, 59.6% female) in a second study, most reliability issues were solved. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the CRSi-20 model describes the data appropriately with adequate fit indices. Therefore, the CRSi-20 for Baha’is offers the first reliable and valid measurements of Baha’i religiosity, being at the same time capable of taking the emic perspective fully into account while maintaining the possibility of cross-religious comparisons.

Development and Validation of the Romantic Love Myths Questionnaire

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051989295
Author(s):  
Laura Lara ◽  
Verónica Gómez-Urrutia
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Structure Reliability ◽  
Initial Questionnaire ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Adequate Internal Consistency

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to measure love myths among Chilean youth. Items created based on review of available literature were refined through experts’ revisions and participant focus groups. The initial questionnaire was applied to 1,538 high school and university students, aged between 14 and 24 years old. Exploratory factor analysis performed with half of the sample led to a 10-item questionnaire, grouped in two factors: idealization and love–abuse. Confirmatory factor analyses conducted with the other half of the sample corroborated this factorial structure. Reliability analyses indicated an adequate internal consistency, and correlations with dating violence and quality of relationship provide evidence on its concurrent validity. Complementary, results showed that females endorse more idealization and males love–abuse, and adolescents scored higher in both dimensions than emerging adults.

scholarly journals The Structure of Bryant's Empathy Index for Children: A Cross-Validation Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 670-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaia Lasa Aristu ◽  
Francisco Pablo Holgado Tello ◽  
Miguel Ángel Carrasco Ortiz ◽  
María Victoria del Barrio Gándara
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Polychoric Correlations ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Three Factor

The present study examined the structure of Bryant's Empathy Index (BEI) using different samples for conducting exploratory and confirmatory analyses. The BEI was administered to a sample of 2,714 children (mean age 11.12, SD = 1.59). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed a three-factor structure: Feelings of Sadness, Understanding Feelings and Tearful Reaction. The results revealed both the multidimensionality of the instrument and appropriate fit indices for the model proposed. Although these results were very similar to those reported in other studies with a Spanish population, the analyses were conducted in a more robust way: with a larger sample and using polychoric correlations and cross validation estimation.

Clinical Perfectionism, Dissatisfaction With Standards, and Raising the Bar: Validation of the Response to Goal Achievement Scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-262
Author(s):  
Kirstyn L. Krause ◽  
Kathleen E. Stewart ◽  
Stephanie E. Cassin ◽  
Martin M. Antony
Keyword(s):  
Goal Achievement ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors

Objectives: To examine the factor structure and psychometrics of a new self-report scale measuring cognitive and behavioral reactions to goal achievement (Reactions to Goal Achievement Scale; RGAS), and to examine its relationship to other measures of clinical perfectionism in two samples. Self-reported reasons for setting higher standards following successful goal achievement were also examined. Methods: The RGAS, Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ) and Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) were administered to a sample on Amazon Mechanical Turk (N = 264) and to a sample of overweight individuals (N = 65). Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggested two factors, entitled dissatisfaction with success (DS) and increase in standards (IS). The RGAS was associated with subscales of the CPQ and FMPS. In addition, participants indicated many reasons for setting higher standards following success. Conclusion: The RGAS is a new instrument for measuring both cognitive and behavioral responses to success in clinical perfectionism. Setting higher standards may not be an indication of perfectionism, as there appear to be many reasons people set higher standards.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of the Organizational Stressor Indicator for Sport Performers (OSI-SP)

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Arnold ◽  
David Fletcher ◽  
Kevin Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Structure Study ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Organizational Stressors ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Initial Item ◽  
Development And Validation

The series of related studies reported here describe the development and validation of the Organizational Stressor Indicator for Sport Performers (OSI-SP). In Study 1, an expert and usability panel examined the content validity and applicability of an initial item pool. The resultant 96 items were analyzed with exploratory factor analyses in Study 2, with the factorial structure comprising 5 factors (viz., Goals and Development, Logistics and Operations, Team and Culture, Coaching, Selection) and 33 items. Using confirmatory factor analyses, Studies 3 and 4 found support for the 5-factor structure. Study 4 also provided evidence for the OSI-SP’s concurrent validity and invariance across different groups. The OSI-SP is proposed as a valid and reliable measure of the organizational stressors encountered by sport performers.

Multigroup Confirmatory Component and Factor Analyses of the Italian Version of the Aggression Questionnaire1

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Fossati ◽  
Cesare Maffei ◽  
Elena Acquarini ◽  
Antonella Di Ceglie
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
School Students ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Aggression Questionnaire

Summary Multisample confirmatory factor analyses were carried out in samples of Italian university and high school students in order to assess the replicability of the factor structure in the Italian version of the Aggression Questionnaire by Buss and Perry. Item-level multiple-group component analysis confirmed Buss and Perry's 4-factor structure of the Aggression Questionnaire items in both samples. The results of multisample maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis of scale scores supported the hypothesis of single aggression latent dimension underlying the four Aggression Questionnaire scales, the structure of which was invariant across the two samples.

Further Psychometric Evaluation of the Fear Questionnaire: Responses of College Students

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1259-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustine Osman ◽  
Francisco X. Barrios ◽  
Joylene R. Osman ◽  
Kathy Markway
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
General Psychological Distress ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Using Data

This study presents evidence for the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Fear Questionnaire for college undergraduates. Fit indices of the 4-and 5-factor models identified previously were inadequate. Exploratory principal components analysis identified three factors, using data from Sample 1 ( n = 208). LISREL confirmatory factor analyses supported generalizability of the three-factor model to Sample 2 ( n = 200). Satisfactory reliability coefficients were obtained for the factor-derived subscales. Significant gender differences were obtained on 4 of the 15 items but not on the factor subscales. Finally, we examined the correlations between scores on the scale and on other measures of social anxiety, social desirability, and general psychological distress of the Brief Symptom Inventory. Present results suggest that the Fear Questionnaire is a valuable research instrument for a nonclinical sample.

Disentangling Components of Flexibility via the Hexaflex Model: Development and Validation of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI)

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaci L. Rolffs ◽  
Ronald D. Rogge ◽  
Kelly G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Psychological Flexibility ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Commitment Therapy ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Responsiveness To Change

The current study developed the 60-item Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI)—a scale assessing the 12 dimensions of the Hexaflex model. We created an exhaustive pool of 554 items including 22 of the most widely used measures from the acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness literatures. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used in combination with item response theory and responsiveness to change analyses in 3,040 online respondents across three studies ( NStudy 1 = 372; NStudy 2 = 2,150; NStudy 3 = 518) to create the MPFI. Associations between the MPFI subscales and an array of existing measures supported its convergent and discriminant validities. The MPFI offers acceptance and commitment therapy researchers new tools for elaborating treatment effects.

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