Production and comprehension of pronouns in individuals with autism: A meta-analysis and systematic review

Autism ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 136236132094910
Author(s):  
Elizabeth G Finnegan ◽  
Kristie Asaro-Saddler ◽  
Matthew C Zajic
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
First Language ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Possessive Pronoun ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Individual Outcomes ◽  
Reflexive Pronoun

This study compared pronoun use in individuals with autism to their typically developing peers via meta-analysis and systematic review of 20 selected articles to examine differences in overall pronoun usage as well as in personal, ambiguous, possessive, reflexive, and clitic pronoun usage. Summary effects indicated significant differences between individuals with autism and their typically developing peers in the use of pronouns overall as well as in ambiguous, clitic, and reflexive pronoun usage, but not in personal and possessive pronoun usage. Results indicate wide variation in the way individuals with autism use pronouns, and individual outcomes appeared to be moderated by multiple factors, including cognitive ability, first language, and overall language development. Implications and recommendations for assessment and intervention practices are discussed. Lay abstract This research compared pronoun use in individuals with autism and typically developing peers. Meta-analysis and systematic review of 20 selected articles were used to determine whether significant differences existed in the use of pronouns overall as well as in personal, ambiguous, possessive, reflexive, and clitic pronoun usage. Summary effects indicated significant differences between individuals with autism and their typically developing peers in the use of pronouns overall as well as in ambiguous, clitic, and reflexive pronoun usage, but not in personal and possessive pronoun usage. Results indicate wide variation in the way individuals with autism use pronouns. Since individual outcomes appear to be moderated by multiple factors, including cognitive ability, first language, and overall language development, it is recommended these be considered in assessment and treatment.

scholarly journals Natriuretic peptide-guided treatment for heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie McLellan ◽  
Clare R Bankhead ◽  
Jason L Oke ◽  
F D Richard Hobbs ◽  
Clare J Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Individual Outcomes ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundGUIDE-IT, the largest trial to date, published in August 2017, evaluating the effectiveness of natriuretic peptide (NP)-guided treatment of heart failure (HF), was stopped early for futility on a composite outcome. However, the reported effect sizes on individual outcomes of all-cause mortality and HF admissions are potentially clinically relevant.ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis aims to combine all available trial level evidence to determine if NP-guided treatment of HF reduces all-cause mortality and HF admissions in patients with HF.Study selectionEight databases, no language restrictions, up to November 2017 were searched for all randomised controlled trials comparing NP-guided treatment versus clinical assessment alone in adult patients with HF. No language restrictions were applied. Publications were independently double screened and extracted. Fixed-effect meta-analyses were conducted.Findings89 papers were included, reporting 19 trials (4554 participants), average ages 62–80 years. Pooled risk ratio estimates for all-cause mortality (16 trials, 4063 participants) were 0.87, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.99 and 0.80, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.89 for HF admissions (11 trials, 2822 participants). Sensitivity analyses, restricted to low risk of bias, produced similar estimates, but were no longer statistically significant.ConclusionsConsidering all the evidence to date, the pooled effects suggest that NP-guided treatment is beneficial in reducing HF admissions and all-cause mortality. However, there is still insufficient high-quality evidence to make definitive recommendations on the use of NP-guided treatment in clinical practice.Trial registration numberSystematic Review Cochrane Database Number: CD008966.

scholarly journals Birth weight and cognitive ability in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Intelligence ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 146-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Grove ◽  
Shujing J. Lim ◽  
Catharine R. Gale ◽  
Susan D. Shenkin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals The Impact of Family Environment on Language Development of Children With Cochlear Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1077-1091
Author(s):  
Daniel Holzinger ◽  
Magdalena Dall ◽  
Susana Sanduvete-Chaves ◽  
David Saldaña ◽  
Salvador Chacón-Moscoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Recognition of affective prosody in autism spectrum conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132199572
Author(s):  
Minyue Zhang ◽  
Suyun Xu ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Yi Lin ◽  
Hongwei Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
Effect Estimate ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Autism Spectrum Condition ◽  
Affective Prosody ◽  
Spectrum Condition

Affective prosody recognition is an important area of research in autism spectrum conditions where difficulties in social cognition have been frequently observed. To probe into the mixed results reported in the literature, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis and examined potential factors that could explain the inconsistent results. Our literature search included six electronic databases for studies that compared the affective prosody recognition performance in individuals with autism spectrum condition with typically developing participants, which yielded 23 papers eligible for quantitative synthesis. Using a random-effects model, we obtained a moderate-to-large pooled effect (Hedges’ g = −0.63) for the overall affective prosody recognition performance of autism spectrum condition participants, which, however, reduced substantially (to −0.26) and became non-significant after the correction for publication bias. The number of answer codes was found to be a significant moderator for the effect estimate, whereas the number of speakers was not. Moreover, the magnitude of the pooled effect estimate varied across emotions. The findings suggested moderate differences in affective prosody recognition ability between autism spectrum condition and typically developing individuals, which reduced to marginal difficulties for autism spectrum condition when the impact of publication bias was taken into account. Diversity in the number of answer codes could have differential effects on affective prosody recognition performance in autism spectrum condition, which varied across emotions. The present review and meta-analysis demonstrated the insufficiency of research on affective prosody recognition in autism spectrum condition, highlighting a need for further exploration of the contributors and underlying mechanisms for specific affective prosody recognition difficulties. Lay abstract Differences in understanding others’ emotions and attitudes through features in speech (e.g. intonation) have been observed in individuals with autism spectrum conditions, which contribute greatly to their social communication challenges. However, some studies reported that individuals with autism spectrum condition performed comparably to typically developing individuals on affective prosody recognition. Here, we provide a comprehensive review with statistical analysis of 23 existing studies on this topic to examine potential factors that could explain the discrepancies. Compared with typically developing individuals, autism spectrum condition participants generally appeared to encounter more difficulties in affective prosody recognition. But this finding was likely due to the tendency of the existing research to overly focus on deficits in autism. The affective prosody recognition performance in individuals with autism spectrum condition was closely related to the number of answer options offered to them. Moreover, the degree of difficulty in affective prosody recognition encountered by individuals with autism spectrum condition varied across emotions. The findings of this systematic review highlighted the need for further research on affective prosody recognition in autism (e.g. studies that include tonal language speakers and autism spectrum condition individuals with lower cognitive or verbal abilities).

scholarly journals The Value of Non-Referential Gestures: A Systematic Review of Their Cognitive and Linguistic Effects in Children’s Language Development

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Ingrid Vilà-Giménez ◽  
Pilar Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Narrative Development ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Information Recall ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Contradictory Evidence ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
Narrative Performance

Speakers produce both referential gestures, which depict properties of a referent, and non-referential gestures, which lack semantic content. While a large number of studies have demonstrated the cognitive and linguistic benefits of referential gestures as well as their precursor and predictive role in both typically developing (TD) and non-TD children, less is known about non-referential gestures in cognitive and complex linguistic domains, such as narrative development. This paper is a systematic review and narrative synthesis of the research concerned with assessing the effects of non-referential gestures in such domains. A search of the literature turned up 11 studies, collectively involving 898 2- to 8-year-old TD children. Although they yielded contradictory evidence, pointing to the need for further investigations, the results of the six studies–in which experimental tasks and materials were pragmatically based–revealed that non-referential gestures not only enhance information recall and narrative comprehension but also act as predictors and causal mechanisms for narrative performance. This suggests that their bootstrapping role in language development is due to the fact that they have important discourse–pragmatic functions that help frame discourse. These findings should be of particular interest to teachers and future studies could extend their impact to non-TD children.

Surgical Repair of Moderate Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation—A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (06) ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Aggarwal ◽  
Yogesh Reddy ◽  
Venkata Alla ◽  
Janani Baskaran ◽  
Arun Kanmanthareddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Individual Outcomes ◽  
Moderate Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation

Introduction Moderate mitral regurgitation (MR) of ischemic etiology has been associated with worse outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Studies comparing concomitant mitral valve replacement/repair (MVR/Re) with CABG and standalone CABG have reported conflicting results. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature. Patients and Methods We searched using PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Google scholar databases from January 1960 to June 2016 for clinical trials comparing CABG to CABG + MVR/Re for moderate MR. Pooled risk ratio or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for individual outcomes were calculated using random effects model and heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane's Q-statistic. Results A total of 11 studies were included. Mean follow-up was 35.3 months. All-cause mortality (Mantel–Haenszel [MH] risk ratio [RR]: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.75–1.24, p = 0.775), early mortality (MH RR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.39–1.07, p = 0.092), and stroke rates (MH RR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.21–2.03, p = 0.464) were similar between CABG and CABG + MVR/Re groups. Adverse event at follow-up was lower with CABG (MH RR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.61–1.32, p = 0.584). MD of change from baseline in left ventricular (LV) end-systolic dimension (MD: − 2.50, 95% CI: − 5.21 to − 0.21, p = 0.071) and LV ejection fraction (MD: 0.48, 95% CI: − 2.48 to 3.44, p = 0.750) were not significantly different between the groups. Incidence of moderate MR (MH RR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.79–5.89, p < 0.001) was higher in the CABG only group. Conclusion Addition of MVR/Re to CABG in patients with moderate ischemic MR did not result in improvement in early or overall mortality, stroke risk, or intermediate markers of LV function when compared with CABG alone.

scholarly journals Shared Picture Book Reading Interventions for Child Language Development: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Dowdall ◽  
G. J. Melendez‐Torres ◽  
Lynne Murray ◽  
Frances Gardner ◽  
Leila Hartford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Reading Interventions ◽  
Picture Book ◽  
Child Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Book Reading ◽  
Picture Book Reading
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