Starving to death and the anorexic frame of mind

2022 ◽  
pp. 136346152110666
Author(s):  
Jennifer Radden
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Medical Epistemology ◽  
Epistemic Warrant

Because some forms of self-starvation such as hunger striking are exempt from attributions of pathology, and due to incomplete understanding of its etiology, anorexia nervosa (AN) is and must presently be defined by psychological criteria as well as behavioral and bodily measures. Although opaque, typical motivational frames of mind in AN lack the apparent cognitive and volitional dysfunction usually indicating disorder. In contrast to other conditions that exhibit more evident dysfunction, this distinguishes AN from the perspective of medical epistemology: the opacity of AN motivation jeopardizing the epistemic warrant for assigning it to the category of a mental disorder (and so influencing decisions over diagnosis and recovery). This seems to invite non-medical approaches to its prevention and care.

scholarly journals Hidden substance: mental disorder as a challenge to normatively neutral accounts of autonomy

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Freyenhagen ◽  
Tom O'Shea
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Mental Capacity ◽  
Functional Tests

AbstractMental capacity and autonomy are often understood to be normatively neutral – the only values or other norms they may presuppose are those the assessed person does or would accept. We show how mental disorder threatens normatively neutral accounts of autonomy. These accounts produce false positives, particularly in the case of disorders (such as depression, anorexia nervosa and schizophrenia) that affect evaluative abilities. Two normatively neutral strategies for handling autonomy-undermining disorder are explored and rejected: a blanket exclusion of mental disorder, and functional tests requiring consistency, expression of identity, reflective non-alienation or lack of compulsion. Finally, we suggest ways in which substantivist alternatives to neutrality can be made more promising through increased transparency, democratic contestability of conditions for capacity and autonomy, and a historically sensitive caution concerning restrictions of liberty.

scholarly journals GANGGUAN MAKAN ANOREXIA NERVOSA DAN BULIMIA NERVOSA PADA REMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Hetty Krisnani ◽  
Meilanny Budiarti Santoso ◽  
Destin Putri
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
The Ideal

ABSTRAKMasa remaja merupakan masa perubahan dramatis dalam diri seseorang. Salah satu perubahan yang terjadi adalah perubahan komposisi tubuh, terutama akumulasi lemak tubuh pada remaja puteri. Dengan adanya akumulasi lemak tubuh tersebut, ada anggapan bahwa mereka tidak memiliki tubuh semenarik yang diinginkan. Hal ini akan mendorong remaja puteri mencari jalan keluar agar memiliki tampilan fisik yang ideal, salah satunya adalah dengan melakukan perubahan kebiasaan makan yang umumnya menyimpang. Kebiasaan makan yang tidak benar itu dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya gangguan makan atau eating disorder yang dapat berdampak buruk bagi remaja. Eating disorders (ED) merupakan gangguan mental yang meskipun berhubungan dengan pola makan dan berat badan, gangguan tersebut bukanlah mengenai makanan, tetapi mengenai perasaan dan ekspresi diri. Pada umumnya, penderita ED adalah mereka yang memiliki kepercayaan diri rendah. Terdapat dua macam ED, yaitu anorexia nervosa dan bulimia nervosa. Kedua gangguan tersebut mempunyai tujuan yang sama, yaitu menguruskan badan. ABSTRACTAdolescence is a time of dramatic change in a person. One of the changes that occur are changes in body composition, especially the accumulation of body fat in girls. Given the accumulation of body fat, there is the assumption that they do not have a body as attractive as desired. This will encourage the girls find a way out in order to have the ideal physical appearance, one is to change eating habits are generally distorted. Improper eating habits can result in eating disorders or disordered eating can be bad for teens. Eating disorders (ED) is a mental disorder even though associated with diet and weight, the disorder is not about food, but about feelings and self-expression. In general, patients with ED are those who have low confidence. There are two kinds of ED, namely anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Both of these disorders have the same goal, which is to lose weight.

scholarly journals Aesthetic Care in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for AN in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Inappropriate Behaviors ◽  
Thought Patterns

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental disorder, affecting mainly females in society. Understanding partially the factor of the disorder, researchers also designed several therapies to alleviate AN. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which focuses on changing thought patterns of patients, and addressing inappropriate behaviors, is one of the beneficial therapies. In China, females whose disorder are caused by environmental factors are highly recommended to have CBT. To successfully realize the use of CBT to AN, we have to understand the strategy and treatment.

scholarly journals GANGGUAN MAKAN ANOREXIA NERVOSA DAN BULIMIA NERVOSA PADA REMAJA

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Hetty Krisnani ◽  
Meilanny Budiarti Santoso ◽  
Destin Putri
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
The Ideal

ABSTRAKMasa remaja merupakan masa perubahan dramatis dalam diri seseorang. Salah satu perubahan yang terjadi adalahperubahan komposisi tubuh, terutama akumulasi lemak tubuh pada remaja puteri. Dengan adanya akumulasi lemak tubuh tersebut, ada anggapan bahwa mereka tidak memiliki tubuh semenarik yang diinginkan. Hal ini akan mendorong remaja puteri mencari jalan keluar agar memiliki tampilan fisik yang ideal, salah satunya adalah dengan melakukan perubahan kebiasaan makan yang umumnya menyimpang. Kebiasaan makan yang tidak benar itu dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya  gangguan makan atau eating disorder yang dapat berdampak buruk bagi remaja.  Eating disorders (ED) merupakan gangguan mental yang meskipun berhubungan dengan pola makan dan berat badan, gangguan tersebut bukanlah mengenai makanan, tetapi mengenai perasaan dan ekspresi diri. Pada umumnya, penderita ED adalah mereka yang memiliki kepercayaan diri rendah. Terdapat dua macam ED, yaitu anorexia nervosa dan bulimia nervosa. Kedua gangguan tersebut mempunyai tujuan yang sama, yaitu menguruskan badan. ABSTRACTAdolescence is a time of dramatic change in a person. One of the changes that occur are changes in body composition, especially the accumulation of body fat in girls. Given the accumulation of body fat, there is the assumption that they do not have a body as attractive as desired. This will encourage the girls find a way out in order to have the ideal physical appearance, one is to change eating habits are generally distorted.  Improper eating habits can result in eating disorders or disordered eating can be bad for teens. Eating disorders (ED) is a mental disorder even though associated with diet and weight, the disorder is not about food, but about feelings and self-expression. In general, patients with ED are those who have low confidence. There are two kinds of ED, namely anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Both of these disorders have the same goal, which is to lose weight.

scholarly journals Secret Hunger: The Case of Anorexia Nervosa

Topoi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Sociological Studies

Abstract Anorexia nervosa is currently classed as a mental disorder. It is considered as a puzzling condition, scarcely understood and recalcitrant to treatment. This paper reviews the main hypotheses relating to the aetiology of anorexia nervosa. In particular, it focuses on family and sociological studies of anorexia. By reflecting on the hypotheses provided within these domains, and on the questions that these studies leave unanswered, this paper suggests that anorexic behaviour is understandable and rational, if seen in light of ordinary moral values.

scholarly journals Why use predictive processing to explain psychopathology? The case of anorexia nervosa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Gadsby ◽  
Jakob Hohwy
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
The Core ◽  
Prediction Error Minimization ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Perceptual Reasoning ◽  
Processing Framework

Predictive processing accounts are increasingly called upon to explain mental disorder. They seem to provide an attractive explanatory framework because the core idea of prediction error minimization can be applied to simultaneously account for several perceptual, attentional and reasoning deficits often implicated in mental disorder. However, it can be unclear how much is gained by such accounts: the proffered explanations can appear to have several weaknesses such as being too liberal, too shallow, or too wedded to formal notions of statistical learning. Here, we taxonomise the relatively unrecognised variety of explanatory tools under the framework and discuss how they can be employed to provide substantial explanations. We then apply the framework to anorexia nervosa, an eating disorder that is characterised by a complex set of perceptual, reasoning and decision-making problems. We conclude that the predictive processing framework is a valuable type of explanation for psychopathology.

Special, radical, failure of reduction in psychiatry

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Ross
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Gambling Addiction ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Special Radical ◽  
Intentional Relationships

AbstractUse of network models to identify causal structure typically blocks reduction across the sciences. Entanglement of mental processes with environmental and intentional relationships, as Borsboom et al. argue, makes reduction of psychology to neuroscience particularly implausible. However, in psychiatry, a mental disorder can involve no brain disorder at all, even when the former crucially depends on aspects of brain structure. Gambling addiction constitutes an example.

Eine internationale neuropsychologische Testbatterie für Kinder, Jugendliche und Erwachsene mit Anorexia nervosa – die deutsche Adaptation des Ravello Profils

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 371-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betteke Maria van Noort ◽  
Ernst Pfeiffer ◽  
Ulrike Lehmkuhl ◽  
Viola Kappel
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa

Fragestellung: Erwachsene mit Anorexia nervosa (AN) zeigen vor und nach Gewichtsrehabilitation Beeinträchtigungen kognitiver Funktionen. Im Bereich der kindlichen und früh-adoleszenten AN besteht ein großer Bedarf an strukturierten Untersuchungen der kognitiven Funktionen. Bisherige Studien weisen methodische Inkonsistenzen bezüglich der Testauswahl und der Operationalisierung kognitiver Funktionen auf, die die Interpretierbarkeit und Vergleichbarkeit der Befunde deutlich einschränken. Um diese Inkonsistenzen zu verringern, wurde eine neuropsychologische Testbatterie, das sogenannte „Ravello Profil“ entwickelt, das bisher jedoch nicht für den deutschen Sprachraum zur Verfügung steht. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt daher eine für den deutschen Sprachraum adaptierte Version des Ravello Profils vor und überprüft dessen Anwendbarkeit im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Methodik: Das Ravello Profil wurde für den deutschen Sprachraum adaptiert. Anhand von drei Fallbeispielen wurde die Durchführbarkeit des Ravello Profils bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit AN überprüft. Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen: Die Fallbeispiele verdeutlichen die Anwendbarkeit des adaptierten Ravello Profils bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit AN. Das Ravello Profil ermöglicht somit auch im deutschen Sprachraum methodisch konsistente Untersuchungen kognitiver Funktionen bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen mit AN. Mithilfe des Ravello Profils kann die Rolle kognitiver Funktionen bei der Entstehung einer AN über eine umfassende Altersspanne systematisch untersucht werden.

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