Current Practice in Posting According to Regulation 1408/71

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Karin Sengers ◽  
Peter Donders
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Social Security ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
National Level ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Bilateral Agreements

This article describes the findings of a study that investigates the application of posting provisions for the period 1995–20001. The study was requested by the European Commission and follows an earlier study. The aims of this study were to: — find out how European mobility by posting is developing; — identify problems experienced by Member States' administrations, social security institutions, employers and workers when applying the posting provisions; — suggest possible solutions both at Community and at national level; — monitor the development of candidate countries with regard to the posting provisions in bilateral agreements and the preparations for implementing the co-ordination regulations 1408/71 and 574/72. Four Candidate Countries (Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Lithuania) were included in this study. Member States were also asked about the the posting provisions in bilateral agreements with Candidate Countries.

scholarly journals Member States’ social security agreements with India

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-187
Author(s):  
Pauline Melin
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Country Case Study ◽  
The Eu

In a 2012 Communication, the European Commission described the current approach to social security coordination with third countries as ‘patchy’. The European Commission proposed to address that patchiness by developing a common EU approach to social security coordination with third countries whereby the Member States would cooperate more with each other when concluding bilateral agreements with third countries. This article aims to explore the policy agenda of the European Commission in that field by conducting a comparative legal analysis of the Member States’ bilateral agreements with India. The idea behind the comparative legal analysis is to determine whether (1) there are common grounds between the Member States’ approaches, and (2) based on these common grounds, it is possible to suggest a common EU approach. India is taken as a third-country case study due to its labour migration and investment potential for the European Union. In addition, there are currently 12 Member State bilateral agreements with India and no instrument at the EU level on social security coordination with India. Therefore, there is a potential need for a common EU approach to social security coordination with India. Based on the comparative legal analysis of the Member States’ bilateral agreements with India, this article ends by outlining the content of a potential future common EU approach.

scholarly journals National approaches of EU Member States in concluding bilateral social security agreements with third countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-161
Author(s):  
Bernard Spiegel
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Member States ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Security Agreements

For EU Member States like Austria, the EU Regulations on the coordination of social security schemes are the focus of academic and political attention. They deal with many cases and are usually very complex. They are supervised by the European Commission and the CJEU. Compared to these EU rules, bilateral agreements with third countries are treated as step-children. They do not get the academic and political attention they deserve, taking into account their importance in practice. They have common features compared to the EU rules, but there are also remarkable differences in the texts and their interpretation. The differences sometimes lead to practical problems of application and interpretation in the EU Member States. Based on Austrian experiences, all these aspects are elaborated in this article. Enhanced cooperation and exchange of information between the EU Member States in the future could help to improve the negotiating position of these countries and also guarantee greater esteem for the bilateral agreements.

scholarly journals Examination of the Development of New Bus Registrations with Alternative Powertrains in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Jozef Gnap ◽  
Marek Dočkalik ◽  
Grzegorz Dydkowski
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Reference Period ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Green Vehicles

Abstract The setting of minimum targets for EU member states to procure green vehicles within two reference periods ending in 2025 and 2030, should help to promote mobility with low, respectively zero emissions. The research results reveal that the V4 countries (Slovakia, Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary) will find it very difficult to meet the set minimum targets for the share of ecological buses in the total number of buses included in the sum of all contracts subject to EU Directive 2019/1161 concluded from 2 August 2021. The share of buses with alternative powertrains in the V4 countries in 2019 was only 12.79% (with the minimum target being much higher). The Nordic countries are best placed to meet the minimum targets for the share of green buses (in 2019, the share of such buses was almost 19%). The crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has and continues to affect bus demand across Europe, may have a significant impact on meeting the minimum targets, especially by the end of the first reference period.

scholarly journals A Novel Unique Parameter for Increasing of Security in GPON Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Horvath ◽  
Petr Munster ◽  
Miloslav Filka
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Key Exchange ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Serial Number ◽  
Unique Parameter ◽  
Encryption Method ◽  
Measuring Scheme

Passive optical networks are widely used because of their sufficient bandwidth and low price of individual elements.Based on the European Commission, The Czech Republic ISPs have to ensure 30 Mbit/s (in existing networks) and 100 Mbit/s (in new constructed networks) for each customer in selected areas till 2020. Nowadays, the GPON standard is dominating in the Europe due to its low price and maturity. In general, the passive optical networks are based on P2MP (Point to Multipoint) physical topology. Therefore each end unit receives data meant for all units. To mitigate this, the standard defines an encryption method (authentication and key exchange phase) but the key exchange phase relies only on a single unique parameter (serial number of an end unit). A new unique parameter for the key exchange phase is proposed. No modification of the transmission convergence layer in GPON is considered. A measuring scheme for determining of accuracy of our new unique parameter, called Tprop, is also proposed.

scholarly journals The capital structure of agricultural enterprises in the Visegrad countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
Veronika Fenyves ◽  
Károly Pető ◽  
János Szenderák ◽  
Mónika Harangi-Rákos
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Company Size ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Visegrád Countries ◽  
The Capital Structure

The Visegrad countries – or the V-4 countries: the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia – is strong regional cooperation of four EU member states in Eastern-Central-Europe aimed at strengthening the positions of the members on both a European and a global level. The aim of this research is to analyse the capital structure of the agricultural and food companies in the V4 Member States. The results show that more profitable companies were less dependent on debt finance, while the fast-growing companies had limited access to the financial market. Company size had a significant effect only in the Czech Republic. Overall, the capital structure seemed to be strongly affected by the farm structure and the relative company size.

scholarly journals The negotiation position amid member states of the EU

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
P. Michálek ◽  
P. Rymešová ◽  
L. Müllerová ◽  
H. Chamoutová ◽  
K. Chamoutová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Present Climate ◽  
Arbitrary Group ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Relative Closeness ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Answering Questions ◽  
The Eu

The European integration process is very important and it has been paid attention to for the last 15 years. The abstract deals with the negotiation field and position in the structure of the current expanded EU. For better orientation in this equivocal situation, a modern cartography method of relationship in the arbitrary group called dynamic sociometry was used. The method is based on classical sociometry Morena and furthermore it uses the instrument of fuzzy set, typology and structural analysis. The output of this method is a sociomap. The map holds information on the relative closeness or the distance of individual elements, their configuration but also some quality information. The graphic chart is similar to a topographic map. In our case, the sociomap was created from the data of foreign business among the member countries. The following analysis of the sociomap we detected and described characteristic features of the analysed group. It consists of formal and informal links in the group, the role and the position of each member within the group, the structure and relations in the group. In the concrete, we attained data to answer the questions about the present climate in interrelationships in the EU, which means the relationships among the members as the whole entities but also the relationships separately among members themselves. The position analysis of the Czech Republic in the system of the created sociomaps was considered as very important. According to the allocation of the Czech Republic in sociomaps, we easily defined the position of the state, the closest partners for negotiation, and also the possible problem relations which might complicate the negotiation in the EU. From the resultant sociomaps, we also tried to determine the sociometric star, i.e. the leader of the European Community. We anticipated that it would be rather an aggregation of several states than an individual state. The contribution focuses on the negotiation field and position in the structure of the current expanded EU. The sociomap created using foreign business data of member states gives the bases for answering questions about present climate in interrelationships in the EU which means the relationships between the members as whole entities but also the relationships separately between the members themselves.

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