The Potential of Esteya spp. for the Biocontrol of the Pinewood Nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD) and a quarantine organism in many countries. Managing PWD involves strict regulations and heavy contingency plans, and present climate change scenarios predict a spread of the disease. The urgent need for sustainable management strategies has led to an increasing interest in promising biocontrol agents capable of suppressing the PWN, like endoparasitic nematophagous fungi of the Esteya genus. Here, we review different aspects of the biology and ecology of these nematophagous fungi and provide future prospects.

Django Based Pinterest Clone

The project aimsto design and implement a website that displays user uploaded data and allowsinfinite scrolling. We are developingthe project using Django framework, where every user from anywhere around the world can share their creativity in the form of Pins in front of everyone. There will also be some other technologies for giving the project a complete form that are HTML and CSS etc. In the present climate, there's a remarkable increase in users getting attracted towards social media sites, Pinterest Clonetherefore Script renders like a boon for social media activists. It allows users to save, share, and like pins/images to get connectedand stay in touch with heterogeneous people globally. Keyword: Pinterest, Clone, social media, Ideas, Django

An evaluation of multi-species empirical tree mortality algorithms for dynamic vegetation modelling

Tree mortality is key for projecting forest dynamics, but difficult to portray in dynamic vegetation models (DVMs). Empirical mortality algorithms (MAs) are often considered promising, but little is known about DVM robustness when employing MAs of various structures and origins for multiple species. We analysed empirical MAs for a suite of European tree species within a consistent DVM framework under present and future climates in two climatically different study areas in Switzerland and evaluated their performance using empirical data from old-growth forests across Europe. DVM projections under present climate showed substantial variations when using alternative empirical MAs for the same species. Under climate change, DVM projections showed partly contrasting mortality responses for the same species. These opposing patterns were associated with MA structures (i.e. explanatory variables) and occurred independent of species ecological characteristics. When comparing simulated forest structure with data from old-growth forests, we found frequent overestimations of basal area, which can lead to flawed projections of carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services. While using empirical MAs in DVMs may appear promising, our results emphasize the importance of selecting them cautiously. We therefore synthesize our insights into a guideline for the appropriate use of empirical MAs in DVM applications.

Archaeological Sites as Peripheral Destinations. Exploring Big Data on Fieldtrips for an Upcoming Response to the Tourism Crisis after the Pandemic

Archaeological heritage sites constitute the most recent addition to the tourism supply of Madrid, one of the most visited regions of Spain. In 2003, the Plan de Yacimientos Visitables (Plan of Archaeological Visitable Sites) was implemented, museumising 21 sites. However, the peripheral nature of these sites and the lack of personnel prevent strict control being carried out of who visits them, the practices of these visitors and how they rate the sites. This study proposes a systematic procedure to analyse the data gathered from Twitter and Flickr, in order to determine the most shared archaeological spaces in the years immediately preceding the pandemic, and to assess the perception that the visitors had of them. The information provided is useful for learning about the real weight that these sites have in leisure experiences (school trips, guided tours, recreation, etc.). Now that travel has been restricted due to the pandemic, we should ask whether Spain’s minor heritage is able to structure new proximity tourism routes. This is based on the hypothesis that, until now, these types of heritage have had a very limited role in recreational practices, but offer potential as “outdoor museums” in the present climate.

'Critical Study Of Konkan Territory Of Maharashtra State w.s.r. To The Concept Of Desha ln Ayurveda'

Background- Desha Pariksha (examination) has been mentioned in the Charaka Samhita (cha.vi.8/84) which is considered as the oldest and the most authentic treatise of Ayurveda. Ayurveda has described three types of Desha viz. Jangl , Anup and Sadharan. Desha also known as Bhumi refers to the natural inhabitant of an individual. Desha is one of the factors which have to be assessed in ascertaining the Hetu (etiological factors) and also in deciding the treatment. Climate, diseases, food, treatment and so many factors may vary according to desh (habitat). An attempt has been made to critically analyse the konkan region of the state Maharashtra considering present climate conditions and geography in comparison to the concept of Ayurvedic desha description. Methods- Authentic government web portals of this region have been visited to know the present climatic situations. Various research papers were also reviewed to discern the territory from other parts of the state. Conclusion- After scrutinizing the facts over the past few years; it has been found that most of the regions of konkan fall under excess rainfall terrain. Flora and fauna is similar to that of wetland. The Konkan region of the Maharashtra State can be compared with Anup desha in Ayurveda.

On the Weariness of Time: El Niño in the Philippines

As a rehearsal of a “tropical imaginary” that attempts to accentuate the entanglement of literature with the material world, this essay ‘coincides’ Jose F. Lacaba’s 1965 poem “Ang Kapaguran ng Panahon” (“The Weariness of Time”) with the 2015 El Niño phenomenon in the Philippines­ and its violent culmination the following year in Kidapawan City, Cotabato Province, Mindanao. While time or panahon in the Philippine tropics is usually intuited as generative, this essay outlines the possibility of its being worn down, not simply as a “natural” consequence of the present climate emergency, but as a critical outcome of the predominant political infrastructures that practically prohibit the phenomenon of time from unfolding. As such, it becomes imperative to recognize that beyond the current conditions banally imposed as “arog talaga kayan” or “how things really are” is the urgent need for social reform—daring tropical imaginings through which Philippine time can possibly become anew.

THE INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL PARAMETERS ON THE DISPERSION OF PM10 AND CO POLLUTANTS

At present, climate change is a global reality. One of its causes is the presence of pollutants in the atmosphere. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to observe how the dispersion of pollutants is influenced by meteorological and topographic parameters. In order to carry out the study on the influence of synoptic conditions on the dispersion of air pollutants PM10 and CO, a continuous monitoring of the two pollutants was needed for one year (from March 2020 to February 2021) at all six air quality monitoring stations located in Argeș County. These data will be correlated with the climatological parameters obtained from the National Meteorological Administration. Using a numerical modeling program (SCREEN), it was performed a simulation of the dispersion of pollutants, determining the maximum concentration of the pollutant and the distance it reaches the ground, for several wind speeds, in all five classes of atmospheric stability.

“YOU KANT DO THAT!”: AN ARGUMENT THAT KANT’S PRINCIPLES FOR PEACE MANDATE A FULLY SUSTAINABLE APPROACH TO THE CLIMATE CRISIS

This paper explores the work of Immanuel Kant in the context of the modern-day crisis of global climate change, to suggest principles that we should embrace as a global community to ensure a viable environment for future generations. Specifically, this paper focuses on three of Kant’s articles outlined in “Towards Perpetual Peace”, a treatise that proposes principles of conduct to ensure peaceable interactions between intrinsically opposed nations. In light of the certain trans-generational consequences of current climate inaction, this paper shifts the traditional geographical axis of Kant’s principles of coexistence, to examine their applications along a temporal axis. This method is paired with carefully researched evidence about the anticipated consequences of our present climate inaction to assert that we are not behaving peaceably towards future peoples. This paper concludes by suggesting three of Kant’s articles of peaceable conduct that can and should be embraced by the decision-makers of today to protect the autonomy and well-being of all future members of the social contract.

Irrigation Scheduling of Maize Grown on a Vertisol Soil Under Changing Climate of Sofia’s Field

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of climate uncertainties on maize irrigation requirements, grown on a Vertisol soil, Sofia’s field, Bulgaria. Through the validated WinIsareg model, four irrigation scheduling alternatives are simulated for the years of “very high“, “high“ and “average“ irrigation demands of past (1952–1984) and present (1970–2004) climate. Adaptation of irrigation scheduling to the present climate conditions during the “very dry“ years (P I ≤12%) consists of an extension of the irrigation season by 15–20 days and a need of additional irrigation relative to alternative 1 and two irrigation events at alternatives 2 and 3. During the past climate alternatives 2 and 3 led to savings of 30 mm of water, while up to the current climate conditions the three irrigations alternatives should provide 360 mm of irrigation water. To obtain maximum yields in “dry“ (P I = 12–30%) years, irrigation season should end by 05/09, as in the present climate, irrigation season has shifted about a week earlier for the three alternatives. In the “average“ (P I = 30–60%) years the adaptation consist in accurately determination of the last allowed date for irrigation.