The Importance of Alternative Drive Vehicles in Road Transport in Poland and the European Union

The development of electromobility in Poland and the whole world is an inevitable process. Every year, electric vehicles and vehicles powered by renewable fuels become more and more popular. It should be noted that the development of infrastructure for electric vehicles and the pursued environmental policy with the related subsidies for the purchase of electric vehicles are an important aspect encouraging the purchase of this type of vehicle. The article presents a comparison of the popularity of vehicles powered by renewable energy sources in Poland and other European Union countries, as well as the characteristics of the most common alternative fuels. Its main objective is to specify the importance of passenger cars with alternative drive sources across the selected EU countries.

Evaluation of the Hazard Perception Skills of Young Drivers

The aim of this study is to collate valuable information about the hazard perception process of (young) drivers and to evaluate their hazard perception skills. For this, an eye-tracking system was used to record the visual behaviour of drivers. In addition, a system based on a data logger and sensors was developed to capture and log the relevant data from the vehicle. By tapping into the vehiclés CAN bus (Controller Area Network), the needed parameters (e.g. position of accelerator, brake, and clutch pedal, as well as the steering wheel angle) were acquired through the reverse engineering of the vehicle′s CAN stream. All the captured data was subsequently synchronized and overlaid in the eye-tracking video. The complete system, i.e. data-logger and sensors, was consistently integrated into a driving school car. Due to the fact that all the data was captured in real-time whilst driving in traffic, every analysed situation can be considered unique and therefore cannot be compared to other situations. The results of the study revealed that only in 18% of the analysed situations, the hazard-perception skills were adequate or the same as they were taught at the driving school just a few months previous. Confronted by the videos of their lessons, the participating drivers adjusted their self-assessment scores for their driving skills downwards by around 25% on average.

Optimal Location of Distribution Site Based on Distance

For most companies, successful business operation is based on the location at the right place, in the right region, on the right plot. New investments in land, buildings and material handling equipment are carried out for the longer term. As the global business environment in which a company needs to decide on location is becoming more uncertain every day, it is of huge importance to make a thoughtful and ‘future-proof’ decision on the location for a new distribution site. Allocation can also be defined as a process that results in finding a position for a warehouse, company, production, people, things, and activities in a specific area. A newly built distribution site is impossible to be moved in a short period of time, so the decision on where to build a distribution site, warehouse, or manufacturing plant is of vital and strategic importance.

Analysis of Customs Processing of Wagon Consignment at Slovakia-Ukraine Border

In the territory of the Slovak Republic, the transportation of goods from east to west is carried out in Eastern Slovak Trasnsshipment. The transportation of goods in direct international rail transport between the Slovak Republic, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine is carried out through the border crossing points Čierna nad Tisou – Čop and Maťovce – Užhorod. These border crossing points are places on a broad-gauge and standard-gauge railway, wherer loading, unloading, and reloading of goods from wider gauge wagons to narrower gauge wagons shall be carried out. There is also a shift of transport mode from SMGS to CIM and other services associated with this transport. An important document affecting the functioning of the single railway market is the Customs Code of the European Union and its provisions. It should be noted that the Common Economic Area of the European Union is also the common customs area of all the Member States. In the case of the cross-border international rail transport organisation, there are no control services due to the customs clearance of the goods. For carriers and customers, this means easier process organisation thanks to the provisions of the Customs Code.

Organization of Urban Transport Organization – Presentation of Bicycle System and Bicycle Infrastructure in Lublin

The introduction of a city bike system, which has become a complement to the public transport system in large cities and mainly in the most crowded city centers, seems to be a very good solution, which may contribute to reducing urban congestion, air pollution, and noise level. In many situations, bicycle transport can solve the deficiencies in public transport, e.g. at nights, during holidays and on days when bus services are operated to a limited extent. The article presents the functioning of the city bike system in Lublin implemented at the end of 2014, including basic information on the system, its advantages and disadvantages, as well as the existing infrastructure and development prospects.

Assessing the Energy Intensity and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of the Traffic Services in a Selected Region

The consumption of internal combustion vehicles and the resulting emissions associated with their operation have been at the forefront in the development of the automotive industry in recent years. This development is supported and required by a number of public administration organizations. This research deals with the monitoring of selected parameters for different types of means of transport, while the unifying element is consumption and emissions per passenger. The aim of the research is to determine the optimal vehicle for passenger transport for selected transport between two specific cities in Slovakia, Europe. The research used methods of analysis of energy intensity and emissions of individual transport units, while fuel consumption in a particular transport relationship is a decisive evaluation factor, which includes the calculation of experimental measurements in a real traffic situation. The various data and diagrams provide relevant data on the fuel consumption values achieved by the experiment converted to fuel consumption. The research is given as an example, and its principle can be applied in other specific localities. it can be applied to others, they may also apply to other transport routes.

Can B2B Implementation Enhance Competitiveness of Logistic Companies in Coronavirus Economic Recession?

The paper presents recommendations determined to assist logistic companies in conceiving an efficient B2B implementation policy with the aim of enhancing market competitiveness, especially in time of intensified market competition. The research is based on an analysis of the situation in B2B implementation during the period of the 2008-2009 economic crisis, where – on a sample of 229 logistic companies based in the Czech Republic – it ascertains whether the extent of B2B implementation changed over this period. This is done in a short-time (2006 vs. 2010) as well as long-time (extended with 2014 vs. 2018) horizon. Although some conclusions are in contradiction with other authors, they state a high extent of B2B implementation, which even further increased over the above economic crisis and even continued in a longer time horizon following the crisis. The conclusions are then analogically transferred to the present 2020 “coronavirus economic recession” and practicable recommendations are formulated. Being made on a high level of reliability, the recommendations have a potential to serve as an efficient tool ensuring economic “survival” of logistic companies, which is – especially in the field of logistics due to the implemented anti-COVID measures creating new trade barriers – very actual.

Analysis of the Logistics Process of Waste Transport in the City of Pila (The Case Study From Poland)

The aim of the article is to analyze the logistics process of waste transport in the city of Piła and the proposal for its optimization. For this purpose, the concept of waste and related issues were characterized and a waste transport company in the city of Piła was discussed. The problems encountered in waste logistics were depicted. In the research part, with the use of a survey among city residents, functioning of the current logistics chain was verified. The questions of the survey focus on the logistics activities carried out during the collection of waste from the city. The study was conducted in an open manner, while maintaining anonymity for the respondents. The questions included in the survey make it possible to illustrate the residents´ awareness of waste segregation, the method of displaying waste, the residents’ opinion on the regularity of waste collection by a local company providing these services. In the second part of the study, the effectiveness of waste collection in the city center in single-family houses was observed in the period from March, 2019 to October, 2020. On the basis of the conducted research, it can be concluded that the operating system for collecting waste from city residents is good but not ideal, as in most cities in Poland.

Smart City Decision Making System Based on Event-driven Platform

With the occurrence of rapid urbanization and intensive growth of different modes of transport, we face issues such as resource management, energy demand and lack of capacity due to overcrowding. To help with these issues we leverage technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) to develop smart cities. In this paper, we propose an innovative approach to development of new smart city event-driven platform with which we want to simplify data input, data transformation, and decision making processes. The platform uses events, labels and reliability factor to make decisions and trigger actions. This paper begins with an overview of the smart city framework and we review the characteristics of event-driven models. The event-driven platform is presented and discussed. The paper closes with our findings, suggestions, open issues, and future research possibilities.

Influence of Cruise Control Use on Vehicle´s Consumption

Most vehicles used in road transport are powered by internal combustion engines. Depending on the nature of their operation, each vehicle releases a certain amount of emissions into the air. Among other things, emissions include carbon dioxide, which significantly contributes to the greenhouse effect. The quantity of CO2 produced is closely related to fuel consumption. The article presents the results of test drives which were performed on a passenger car meeting emission standard Euro 4. The aim of the study was to verify the impact of the use of cruise control on fuel consumption of the vehicle. The measurement was performed on the basis of test drives carried out on a highway section. The consumption was determined based on the data obtained from a diagnostic device, which was connected to the vehicle via OBD. The test drives were repeated several times in order to get as close as possible to the actual operation of the vehicle.