scholarly journals Bodies, non-human matter and the micropolitical production of sociomaterial dis/advantage

2021 ◽  
pp. 144078332110026
Author(s):  
Nick J Fox ◽  
Pam Alldred
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Cultural Reproduction ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
Context Specific

This article sets out a more-than-human framework within which to explore the contribution of non-human matter to social inequality. Applying an approach based in Deleuzian ethology, we extend three invitations: to address the multiplicity and fluidity of dis/advantage, to explore its production in everyday interactions, and to acknowledge non-human as well as human matter in the emergence of dis/advantage. The article examines how the interactions between human and non-human matter produce and reproduce context-specific bodily capacities and incapacities, and consequently ‘a thousand tiny dis/advantages’. These dis/advantages may accumulate to produce substantive inequalities and social divisions. An illustrative re-reading of Paul Willis’s 1970s study of the cultural reproduction of social inequality Learning to Labour reveals the complex ways in which daily encounters between human and non-human matter produce both transient and lasting dis/advantage. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of this more-than-human perspective for the sociological study of inequality.

Specifics of Social Stratification in Digital Society

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
S. Grishaeva
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Identity Transformation ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Information Distortion ◽  
The Social

Digital revolution led to severe society modifications, including social structure transformation, primarily due to virtual reality existing simultaneously with reality. Despite that, one of the reasons of this transformation is post-modernism, that includes pluralism as well. As a result, individualized consciousness appears and formation of an increasingly heterogeneous society, the “minority society” begins. On the basis of these minority groups, relatively closed and self-sufficient communities can be created, i.e. neotribalism (according to L. Ionin). The variability of the social environment forms a new character of social inequality, which becomes “fluid”, uncertain, difficult to identify. The article considers new directions for studying social stratification, social inequality and social mobility, as well as issues of identity transformation in a changing society: digitalization makes the social structure dynamic, identity boundaries become fragile and unstable. The results of a sociological study of the social activity of young people on the Internet are described and analyzed. The primary sociological data features certain rationality of young people in evaluating the objectivity of information Internet resources, their ability to determine “discourse, that is, argumentation” in favor of certain forms of using the Internet’s capabilities. It is interesting to note that a significant part of the respondents admits the possibility of information distortion in social networks, but at the same time remains their regular participants. Thus, there is a need for a more serious social diagnosis of the problems of modern digital (network) society.

scholarly journals Social inequality and youth: key trends of 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
N. G. Osipova ◽  
S. O. Elishev
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Modern Russian

The paper deals with the analysis of one of the most important and always relevant social phenomena called social inequality, which is viewed through the prism of youth ideas about the forms of its manifestation and features. The authors present the results of a sociological study aimed at identifying the attitude of modern Russian youth to the problem of social inequality in general, as well as the diversification of its forms in the modern world and in Russia. The study was conducted in 2020 by professors of the Sociological Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University under the direction of Doctor of Sociological Sciences Professor N.G. Osipova and Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Professor S.O. Elishev with the Financial support of the RFBR, within the framework of the project No. 18-011-01106 “New forms of social inequality and the peculiarities of their manifestation in modern Russia”.In the course of the study in the summer of 2020, 628 young people (aged 16 to 30) from different regions of Russia were interviewed using the online questionnaire survey method. The distribution of respondents by gender and occupation corresponds to the parameters of graduates of humanitarian universities. 28% of young people surveyed were males, and 72% were females. 9% of the respondents (that is, more than half of them) were young people aged 20 to 24 years, 24,84% — from 16 to 19 years old, 12,26% — from 25 to 30 years old.The research methodology (which is based on the questionnaire) was in many ways similar to the methodology used by the authors in 2019 to analyze the value orientations and perceptions of student youth in Moscow universities. This  methodology was supplemented with new blocks of questions related to the peculiarities and specifics of the manifestation in Russia of such relatively new forms of social inequality as digital divide and inequality in health. The questions to which the answers were received were of both general and specific nature and, in general, reflected the key trends in the attitude of young people to the problem of social inequality in the conditions of the complex social situation that developed in 2020 in all respects. A detailed analysis of the answers to the questions presented in the questionnaire showed that, although social inequality is recognized by modern Russian youth as an urgent social problem, it does not occupy a key place among the topical problems for Russian youth.

scholarly journals Culture is a meritocracy: Why creative workers’ attitudes may reinforce social inequality

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Cultural Reproduction ◽  
Web Survey ◽  
Cultural Workers ◽  
Creative Workers ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
The Uk

This article investigates attitudes towards inequality among creativeworkers. In the UK, there is considerable public interest in access tocreative jobs, and a concern that these jobs are limited to those fromprivileged backgrounds. Moreover, both inequalities in cultural work andthe attitudes of cultural workers have been important areas of study forexisting research. Based on a web survey (N=2487), thisarticle investigates attitudes among creative workers, and finds that thecharacteristics that are most consistently associated with success bycreative workers are hard work and ambition, rather than structuralfactors, such privileged social origins, gender or ethnicity. Usingprincipal components analysis and regression, we show that there are threemain factors related to getting ahead, associated with reproduction,meritocracy, and education, and we show that those in the most privilegedpositions – broadly, the highest-paid white non-disabled men – are thosemost likely to deny an account of success in the creative industries associated with cultural reproduction. Weconclude that the attitudes held by creative workers, and who holds whichattitudes, make it unlikely that access to the sector and trajectories ofindividual progression within the sector will change.This paper has been submitted to a journal for consideration.

scholarly journals Social inequality and youth: key trends of 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-42
Author(s):  
N. G. Osipova ◽  
S. O. Elishev
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Modern Russian

The paper deals with the analysis of one of the most important and always relevant social phenomena called social inequality, which is viewed through the prism of youth ideas about the forms of its manifestation and features. +e authors present the results of a sociological study aimed at identifying the attitude of modern Russian youth to the problem of social inequality in general, as well as the diversification of its forms in the modern world and in Russia. +e study was conducted in 2020 by professors of the Sociological Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University under the direction of Doctor of Sociological Sciences Professor N.G. Osipova and Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Professor S.O. Elishev with the financial support of the RFBR, within the framework of the project No. 18-011-01106 “New forms of social inequality and the peculiarities of their manifestation in modern Russia”. In the course of the study in the summer of 2020, 628 young people (aged 16 to 30) from different regions of Russia were interviewed using the online questionnaire survey method. +e distribution of respondents by gender and occupation corresponds to the parameters of graduates of humanitarian universities. 28% of young people surveyed were males, and 72% were females. 9% of the respondents were young people aged 20 to 24 years, 24,84% — from 16 to 19 years old, 12,26% — from 25 to 30 years old. +e research methodology (which is based on the questionnaire) was in many ways similar to the methodology used by the authors in 2019 to analyze the value orientations and perceptions of student youth in Moscow universities. +is methodology was supplemented with new blocks of questions related to the peculiarities and specifics of the manifestation in Russia of such relatively new forms of social inequality as digital divide and inequality in health. +e questions to which the answers were received were of both general and specific nature and, in general, reflected the key trends in the attitude of young people to the problem of social inequality in the conditions of the complex social situation that developed in 2020 in all respects. A detailed analysis of the answers to the questions presented in the questionnaire showed that, although social inequality is recognized by modern Russian youth as an urgent social problem, it does not occupy a key place among the topical problems for Russian youth.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Moscow University students of social inequality in Russia and in the modern world

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
N. G. Osipova ◽  
S. O. Elishev ◽  
G. B. Pronchev
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
State University ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Political Processes

This paper deals with an analysis of the results of a sociological research aimed at studying the students’ perceptions of the nature and various forms of social inequality that occur in Russia as well as the modern world. The study was conducted in 2019 at the sociology faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University, in the framework of regular monitoring (since 2013) of Moscow student youth’ perception of socio-political processes, institutions of socialization and subjects of youth policy. A sociological study was conducted. During the study, 811 students of 50 “humanitarian” and 50 “natural” faculties of higher educational institutions in Moscow were interviewed. 45,6% of young people interviewed were males, and 54,4% were females. 60,4% of the respondents were young people aged 18 to 22 years, 18,9% — from 23 to 26 years old, 13,3% — from 14 to 18 years old, 7,4% — from 27 to 30 years old. The article analyzes the students’ answers to the following questions: Do you think that acute social inequality occurs in the modern world? What reasons underlie social inequality? What, in your opinion, is the cause of social inequality? What types of social inequality are most common in the modern world? What forms and types of social inequality are most common in modern Russian society? How often do you encounter the following manifestations of social inequality? How do you feel about the problem of global social inequality? and a number of others. A detailed analysis of the answers to these and other questions presented in the article showed that social inequality is recognized by students as an urgent social problem, which, unfortunately, the authorities do not pay enough attention to.

scholarly journals Social inequality and health: the historical and sociological study

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-71
Author(s):  
A. V. Liadova
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Inequality In Health ◽  
Historical Comparative

The article examines the main research approaches to the category of “social inequality in health”. The author points out that this term, which reflects one of the topical areas of scientific discourse, has been involved into the studies relatively recently, up the second half of the XXth century. It has became the subject under study when scientific interest to the health problems was started among researchers. Used the historical-comparative approach and the qualitative analysis method of publications devoted to the problem of social inequality in health, the author highlights the main stages, approaches and directions of its study in foreign and domestic research fields. Based on their typology, this study shows that social inequality in health is considered as a complex phenomenon determined by various factors, which are considered as key causes of differences in health status among the population. Taking this argument into consideration, the author proposes an integrative approach that is found on the definition of health as a complex, socially conditioned, dynamic construct formed in the process of the combined influence of various factors which improve or worse its condition. As it is pointed out by the author within the framework of this approach, social inequality in health is considered as a complex social phenomenon determined by the peculiarities of the functioning of social institutions and the distribution of resources within the framework of the existing stratification model of society, the influence of which is dynamic and determined by specific historical conditions.

Validation of the Procrastination at Work Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-776
Author(s):  
U. Baran Metin ◽  
Toon W. Taris ◽  
Maria C. W. Peeters ◽  
Max Korpinen ◽  
Urška Smrke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Negative Links ◽  
Office Employees

Abstract. Procrastination at work has been examined relatively scarcely, partly due to the lack of a globally validated and context-specific workplace procrastination scale. This study investigates the psychometric characteristics of the Procrastination at Work Scale (PAWS) among 1,028 office employees from seven countries, namely, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, Slovenia, Turkey, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom. Specifically, it was aimed to test the measurement invariance of the PAWS and explore its discriminant validity by examining its relationships with work engagement and performance. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis shows that the basic factor structure and item loadings of the PAWS are invariant across countries. Furthermore, the two subdimensions of procrastination at work exhibited different patterns of relationships with work engagement and performance. Whereas soldiering was negatively related to work engagement and task performance, cyberslacking was unrelated to engagement and performance. These results indicate further validity evidence for the PAWS and the psychometric characteristics show invariance across various countries/languages. Moreover, workplace procrastination, especially soldiering, is a problematic behavior that shows negative links with work engagement and performance.

Ambulatory Assessment

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer ◽  
Timothy J. Trull
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ambulatory Assessment ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Questionnaire Studies

Convergent experimental data, autobiographical studies, and investigations on daily life have all demonstrated that gathering information retrospectively is a highly dubious methodology. Retrospection is subject to multiple systematic distortions (i.e., affective valence effect, mood congruent memory effect, duration neglect; peak end rule) as it is based on (often biased) storage and recollection of memories of the original experience or the behavior that are of interest. The method of choice to circumvent these biases is the use of electronic diaries to collect self-reported symptoms, behaviors, or physiological processes in real time. Different terms have been used for this kind of methodology: ambulatory assessment, ecological momentary assessment, experience sampling method, and real-time data capture. Even though the terms differ, they have in common the use of computer-assisted methodology to assess self-reported symptoms, behaviors, or physiological processes, while the participant undergoes normal daily activities. In this review we discuss the main features and advantages of ambulatory assessment regarding clinical psychology and psychiatry: (a) the use of realtime assessment to circumvent biased recollection, (b) assessment in real life to enhance generalizability, (c) repeated assessment to investigate within person processes, (d) multimodal assessment, including psychological, physiological and behavioral data, (e) the opportunity to assess and investigate context-specific relationships, and (f) the possibility of giving feedback in real time. Using prototypic examples from the literature of clinical psychology and psychiatry, we demonstrate that ambulatory assessment can answer specific research questions better than laboratory or questionnaire studies.

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