Book reviews : Management of the child with a serious infection or severe malnutrition. By the Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Published by the World Health Organization, Geneva 2000. Paperback 162 pp. Price $13.50 ISBN 92-4-154531-3

2001 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-128
Author(s):  
John W. T. Dickerson
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Katwan ◽  
Geoffrey Bisoborwa ◽  
Betzabe Butron-Riveros ◽  
Sergei Bychkov ◽  
Kwami Dadji ◽  
...  

The World Health Organization (WHO) has collected information on policies on sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health (SRMNCAH) over many years. Creating a global survey that works for every country context is a well-recognized challenge. A comprehensive SRMNCAH policy survey was conducted by WHO from August 2018 through May 2019. WHO regional and country offices coordinated with Ministries of Health and/or national institutions who completed the questionnaire. The survey was completed by 150 of 194 WHO Member States using an online platform that allowed for submission of national source documents. A validation of the responses for selected survey questions against content of the national source documents was conducted for 101 countries (67%) for the first time in the administration of the survey. Data validation draws attention to survey questions that may have been misunderstood or where there was a lot of missing data, but varying methods for validating survey responses against source documents and separate analysis of laws from policies and guidelines may have hindered the overall conclusions of this process. The SRMNCAH policy survey both provided a platform for countries to track their progress in adopting WHO recommendations in national SRMNCAH-related legislation, policies, guidelines and strategies and was used to create a global database and searchable document repository. The outputs of the SRMNCAH policy survey are resources whose importance will be enriched through policy dialogues and wide utilization. Lessons learned from the methodology used for this survey can help to improve future updates and inform similar efforts.


Richard B. Fisher, Edward Jenner 1749-823.London: André Deutsch, 1991. Pp. 361, £20.00. ISBN 0 233 98681 2 In the summer of 1796, Joseph Banks, long-serving President of the Royal Society, turned down Jenner’s Inquiry on what he called the variolae vaccinae as ‘inadequate’ for publication in the Philosophical Transactions . Barely two years later a revised version, with several additions to the originally very few experimental cowpox inoculations, was published privately. The blurb’s claim that Jenner thus ‘freed mankind from "the spotted plague", smallpox’, seems an exaggerated tribute which ignores the hard work of successive later generations to provide a safe, theoretical basis for Jenner’s empiricism, and also the enormous technical and financial resources invested by the World Health Organization in the prolonged global campaign which finally achieved eradication of smallpox nearly 200 years later. Even within Edward Jenner’s own lifetime, the story of the progress of ‘vaccination’ as opposed to ‘variolation’ was a complex one, not helped by his failure to realize the need for periodic re-vaccination.


Author(s):  
Pavel P. Shcherbinin ◽  
Nelli Yu. Bolshakova ◽  
Daria L. Simonova ◽  
Valeriia S. Malchikova

The World Health Organization, arguing for the need to invest in the health and development of adolescents, notes that its work helps to improve the health and well-being of millions of adolescents who experience problems such as depression, anemia, HIV infection, promotes the introduction of a healthy lifestyle, prevention of health problems that may occur in adulthood (for example, cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer caused by low levels of physical activity and smoking, problems originating in adolescence). Investments in adolescent health will also prevent problems in the next generations, in particular, such as prematurity and low body weight in children born to very young mothers. Among the significant factors contributing to the achievement of low childbearing activity in adolescence, the low level of abortions and HIV infection among young people, the fact was especially emphasized that it is in these countries that parents and the public positively perceive the sexuality of young people, and sexual relations are considered a logical and natural continuation of a long-term relationship between a young man and a girl, a serious component of emotionally healthy adulthood. The sexual behavior of adolescents in developed European countries is primarily a matter of harmonious development and public health. Most adults do not consider adolescent sex an issue as long as the “rules of protected sex” are maintained. Experts of the World Health Organization, in cooperation with UNICEF headquarters, have developed an orientation program “Adolescent Health”. The presence of the phenomena of adolescent pregnancy and fertility, the negative consequences that may accompany these phenomena and the possibility of reducing their level indicate the need to develop appropriate programs, among which early pregnancy prevention programs should take an important place. Social readaptation of young mothers should take into account the following aspects: social, psycho-correctional, medical, career guidance, legal.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document