Ways to solve issues related to adolescent motherhood (scientific review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Pavel P. Shcherbinin ◽  
Nelli Yu. Bolshakova ◽  
Daria L. Simonova ◽  
Valeriia S. Malchikova
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Young Mothers ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization, arguing for the need to invest in the health and development of adolescents, notes that its work helps to improve the health and well-being of millions of adolescents who experience problems such as depression, anemia, HIV infection, promotes the introduction of a healthy lifestyle, prevention of health problems that may occur in adulthood (for example, cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer caused by low levels of physical activity and smoking, problems originating in adolescence). Investments in adolescent health will also prevent problems in the next generations, in particular, such as prematurity and low body weight in children born to very young mothers. Among the significant factors contributing to the achievement of low childbearing activity in adolescence, the low level of abortions and HIV infection among young people, the fact was especially emphasized that it is in these countries that parents and the public positively perceive the sexuality of young people, and sexual relations are considered a logical and natural continuation of a long-term relationship between a young man and a girl, a serious component of emotionally healthy adulthood. The sexual behavior of adolescents in developed European countries is primarily a matter of harmonious development and public health. Most adults do not consider adolescent sex an issue as long as the “rules of protected sex” are maintained. Experts of the World Health Organization, in cooperation with UNICEF headquarters, have developed an orientation program “Adolescent Health”. The presence of the phenomena of adolescent pregnancy and fertility, the negative consequences that may accompany these phenomena and the possibility of reducing their level indicate the need to develop appropriate programs, among which early pregnancy prevention programs should take an important place. Social readaptation of young mothers should take into account the following aspects: social, psycho-correctional, medical, career guidance, legal.

HIV: diagnosis and assessment

2019 ◽  
pp. 469-478
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
World Health ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization has set a target to achieve by 2030 that 90% of people with HIV are aware of their diagnosis, 90% of those are on treatment, and 90% of these have an undetectable viral load. People with HIV who are not aware of their diagnosis are more likely to be diagnosed late with increased morbidity and mortality, and 50% of new transmissions are from people unaware of their status. This chapter describes the challenges in increasing testing and diagnosis, recommendations for HIV testing, and initial assessment and management of those newly diagnosed with HIV infection.

scholarly journals Creating a Global Legal and Policy Database and Document Repository: Challenges and Lessons Learned From the World Health Organization Sexual, Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health Policy Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Katwan ◽  
Geoffrey Bisoborwa ◽  
Betzabe Butron-Riveros ◽  
Sergei Bychkov ◽  
Kwami Dadji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
World Health ◽  
Child And Adolescent Health ◽  
Survey Questions ◽  
The World ◽  
Newborn Child ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) has collected information on policies on sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health (SRMNCAH) over many years. Creating a global survey that works for every country context is a well-recognized challenge. A comprehensive SRMNCAH policy survey was conducted by WHO from August 2018 through May 2019. WHO regional and country offices coordinated with Ministries of Health and/or national institutions who completed the questionnaire. The survey was completed by 150 of 194 WHO Member States using an online platform that allowed for submission of national source documents. A validation of the responses for selected survey questions against content of the national source documents was conducted for 101 countries (67%) for the first time in the administration of the survey. Data validation draws attention to survey questions that may have been misunderstood or where there was a lot of missing data, but varying methods for validating survey responses against source documents and separate analysis of laws from policies and guidelines may have hindered the overall conclusions of this process. The SRMNCAH policy survey both provided a platform for countries to track their progress in adopting WHO recommendations in national SRMNCAH-related legislation, policies, guidelines and strategies and was used to create a global database and searchable document repository. The outputs of the SRMNCAH policy survey are resources whose importance will be enriched through policy dialogues and wide utilization. Lessons learned from the methodology used for this survey can help to improve future updates and inform similar efforts.

scholarly journals Development of Contextually-relevant Sexuality Education: Lessons from a Comprehensive Review of Adolescent Sexuality Education Across Cultures

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hildie Leung ◽  
Daniel Shek ◽  
Edvina Leung ◽  
Esther Shek
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

As reported by the World Health Organization in 2017, there are 2 million+ young people living with HIV worldwide. The World Health Organization also reported that a third of all new HIV infections around the world are estimated to occur among youths (aged 15–25). and teen pregnancy rates are on the rise in many places. These worrying trends suggest that existing sexuality education programs and interventions may be inadequate and/or ineffective. Although the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development’s (ICPD) Programme of Action highlighted the roles of Governments to offer sex education to young people to promote teenage reproductive health, yet inconsistency exists in the related initiatives in the global context. The present article aims to provide a comprehensive literature review of the existing sexuality programs in selected places in both English-speaking (i.e., the United States of America, the United Kingdom) and Chinese-speaking contexts (i.e., Hong Kong, Mainland China, and Taiwan). Based on the review, observations and implications for sexuality education policy and practice, as well as recommendations for future research for youths are outlined.

Dementia due to HIV disease

2012 ◽  
pp. 384-386
Author(s):  
Mario Maj
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
American Academy ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Aids Dementia Complex ◽  
World Health ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Dementia Syndrome ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
American Academy Of Neurology

The first description of a syndrome consisting of cognitive, motor, and behavioural disturbances in patients with AIDS was published in 1986. The syndrome was named ‘AIDS dementia complex’. In 1990, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the term ‘HIV-associated dementia’, pointing out that subclinical or mild cognitive and/or motor dysfunctions without impairment of performance in daily living activities cannot be subsumed under the term ‘dementia’. The expression ‘mild cognitive/motor disorder’ was proposed for those conditions. The same distinction was made in 1991 by the American Academy of Neurology, which identified an ‘HIV-associated dementia complex’ and an ‘HIV-associated minor cognitive/motor disorder’. The present chapter focuses on the dementia syndrome associated with HIV infection.

Evaluation of the World Health Organization staging system for HIV infection and disease in Ethiopia: association between clinical stages and laboratory markers

AIDS ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Kassa ◽  
Tobias F. Rinke de Wit ◽  
Ermias Hailu ◽  
Mulu Girma ◽  
Tsehaynesh Messele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Staging System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Laboratory Markers ◽  
The World ◽  
Clinical Stages ◽  
Health Organization

Establishing a clinic for young people in a rural setting: a community initiative to meet the needs of rural adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaye Ervin ◽  
Jacqueline Phillips ◽  
Jane Tomnay
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
World Health ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Rural Clinic ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

This paper describes the establishment and evaluation of a rural clinic for young people. A conceptual approach to community development was used to establish the clinic in a small north Victorian rural health service, with qualitative methods used to evaluate services. Study participants were members of an operational committee and advisory committee for the establishment of the rural clinic for young people. The clinic was evaluated against the World Health Organization framework for the development of youth-friendly services. With robust community support, the clinic was established and is operational. Most consultations have been for sexual and mental health. Qualitative evaluation identifies that not all the World Health Organization benchmarks have been met, but this is hampered predominantly by financial constraints. In conclusion, establishing clinic for young people in a small rural setting can be achieved with community support and the development of referral pathways.

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