EARLY DETECTION OF FAT EMBOLISM SYNDROME IN TRAUMATOLOGY (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Fat embolism syndrome is one of the many complications in traumatology, which carries a serious danger due to the difficult diagnosis at the early stages of its development. In many medical sources, fat embolism syndrome is described as a severe condition characterized by obturation of blood vessels by embolus, which are represented by fat droplets larger than 7-9 microns. Fat embolism is usually caused by trauma, accompanied by crushing of tissues. This is especially common in fractures of the tubular bones as a result of high-energy trauma. As exemplified in the medical literature about 6-7 % of isolated fractures and 37 % of combined injuries lead to the appearance of fat embolism syndrome. Much more often, fat embolism develops in open fractures, and the frequency of its occurrence increases with a combination of open and closed fractures. Due to the fact that fat embolism is a life-threatening condition, early detection of this pathology is necessary. The purpose of this literature review is to study the pathogenesis of fat embolism, as well as the possibilities, problems and methods of early diagnosis of this pathology in trauma practice...

Risk factors and features of stroke among young persons in urban and rural areas of the Tambov Region

Since 2011 according to the national project “Health” the Regional Vascular Center has been operating on the basis of the Tambov Regional Clinical Hospital. This is a ward for patients with acute cerebral circulation disorder. Since 2017 there has been an increase in patients due to an increase in the number of attached population to Tambov Regional Clinical Hospital and, accordingly, unfortunately, the mortality rate from acute cerebral circulation disorder has been increasing. Between 2016 and 2020, a study was conducted based on the follow-up of young patients with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. In the study we emphasized the research of regional features of the structure, causes, and risk factors of stroke in persons in the city of Tambov and the districts of the Tambov Region. We verified pathogenetic subtypes of stroke among young patients. We identified and considered main and concomitant factors determining stroke outcome, degree of neurological deficiency, and disabled patients. We identified the leading causes of stroke in persons, the main of which were: arterial hypertension, cardiac pathology, atherosclerosis.

Current methods of radiological diagnosis of kidney neoplasms (literature review)

We presented an overview of domestic and foreign studies on the diagnosis of renal malignancies published in publicly available electronic specialized medical publications. Taking into account that every year the share of oncological diseases in the structure of the total incidence is constantly growing, and that cancer is one of the main causes of death and disability in the working age population, currently, the search for new diagnostic methods to detect kidney tumors still remains a pressing problem located at the junction of several medical disciplines, in particular, oncology, urology, radiation diagnostics and radiation therapy. Over the past decade, the diagnosis of malignant kidney neoplasms has undergone significant changes and has stepped far forward. Because of that the ability to detect the disease in the early stages of development increases. In the study, we examined the most widespread methods, methods that have already lost relevance, as well as new methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography ultrasonography, radiography, etc. We also considered the possibilities of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant neoplasms.

Study of some parameters of electrocardiography of skiers-riders

Very high results, the achievement of which is possible only with long systematic train-ing with the use of large and sometimes excessive physical activity characterizes modern sports. The preparation process from beginner to master of sports takes an average of 5–10 years. During this time, the athlete must develop and improve special physical and mental qualities, as well as master certain motor skills specific to this sport. Therefore, children's and youth's organisms of athletes are subject to increased loads, especially in classes that develop endurance. But not always physical activity contributes to the strengthening of the body, sometimes excessive loads, especially with the wrong approach, lead to complications from the cardiovascular system, in particular, to changes in heart rate. Therefore, the issue of adapting the functions of the heart of young athletes to muscle loads becomes increasingly important. The purpose of the work was to study the activities of the cardiovascular system of skiers-riders in the preparatory period of the one-year cycle. Currently, various methods of functional diagnosis of the cardiovascular system are used. We considered the results obtained during electrocardiographic examination of skiers-riders. We investigated electrical activity of the heart and presented model characteristics according to the considered indicators.

Adaptive motor recreation in the structure of vacation training camps for goalball players

The training macrocycle of goalball players includes 52 weeks and in addition to group and individual training, theoretical classes, sports competitions, etc. implies training camps. This needs to achieve continuity of the educational and training process, preparation for competitions, active recreation and recovery of disabled athletes. At the initial training stage, only summer and winter training camps are organized for goalball players twice a year. Summer three-week training camps include morning and evening classes. Morning training sessions following the goals of the initial training stage were mainly aimed at developing physical fitness and developing the game practice of goalball players. Evening training sessions were recreational, the orientation of which was determined by the goals of this type of adaptive physical education. In the introductory part there are construction, greeting, warm-up (varieties of walking and running, jumping, complexes of general developmental exercises with synchronized eye movement), in the main part – specially selected outdoor games for children with visual deprivation aimed at correcting and developing coordination abilities and improving game actions in goalball, in the final part – exercises to prevent the progression of visual impairments. We believe that the inclusion of recreational activities in the structure of the summer training camps of goalball players will contribute to the improvement of technical and tactical game actions, improve their physical fitness in general, correct and develop certain types of coordination abilities, prevent visual impairments, as well as implement the socializing and integrative function of adaptive physical education following the principle of hedonism.

Influence of muscular activity adaptation on dynamics of psychophysiological aggression indicators among children

The aggressiveness issue among adolescents affects the whole society, arouses the scientific and practical interest of researchers and the deep concern of teachers and parents. However, attempts to explain the aggressive actions of young people are hampered by the fact that not only in everyday consciousness but also in many theoretical concepts, the phenomenon of aggression receives very contradictory interpretations, interfering with both its understanding and the possibility of influencing aggressiveness. The methodological basis for the study of student-athletes and children not involved in sports to determine the presence, type and level of aggressiveness of a student is methods of observation, expert assessments and questionnaires. Signs of aggression in a child: often loses control of himself; often argues, swears with adults; often refuses to follow the rules; often irritates people on purpose; often blames others for their mistakes; often gets angry and refuses to do anything; often envious, vindictive; sensitive, reacts very quickly to various actions of others (children and adults), which often irritate them. The method of expert assessments allows to determine the child’s aggression level in the monitoring process by various experts. Verbal methods involve the use of questionnaires, questionnaires, personality tests. Among the latter, the most popular is the Buss–Durkee Hostility Inventory, Freiburg Personality Inventory. Aggressiveness as a personality trait is manifested in all students, 10 out of 18 non-athletes (14–15 years old) are more aggressive and 6 out of 12 (11–12 years old) are equally aggressive athletes. The hostility level (aggression as an act of behavior) is largely predominant in non-athletes (14–15 years old), and also manifests itself noticeably at the age of 11–12 years. Students who do not play sports, in participating in school competitions as part of a class team, experience the tragedy of losing, unsuccessful performance, as a result, hostility arises in the post-competition period during everyday communication with peers, sometimes turning into a fight.

MODERN METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THERAPEUTIC AND DIAGNOSTIC PROCESS FOR ACUTE PANCREATITIS (SCIENTIFIC REVIEW)

The purpose of this review was to generalize and systematize the methodological and organizational approaches that have developed at present in diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis. We conducted a systematic search on Ovid MEDLINE (http://www.ovid.com/site/catalog/ DataBase/901.jsp), EMBASE (http://www.embase.com/), CINAHL (http://www.ebscohost.com/ cinahl/), Web of Science (www.isiknowledge.com/), ETOH (http://etoh.niaaa.nih.gov/) and AIM (http://www.aim-digest.com/gateway/m%20index.htm) to research epidemiological studies conducted in foreign countries and published from January 2008 to January 2018, which considered current issues of treatment and diagnostic organization for acute pancreatitis. The search was carried out using any combination of keywords: acute pancreatitis, organization, therapeutic and diagnostic process, severity assessment, methodological approaches, severity classifications, evaluation scales. In addition, we manually reviewed the content pages of the main epidemiological journals and lists of links to relevant publications in review articles. A database of 142 units from literary and information sources was created. The final analysis included 52 sources that reflect the methodological aspects of the treatment and diagnostic process for acute pancreatitis.

Current methods of radiation diagnostics of traumatic bone injuries

The use of the latest digital technologies has contributed to the discovery of opportuni-ties for medicine based on earlier and detailed detection of pathological changes, which, in turn, has allowed to increase the effectiveness of the diagnostic process, improve treatment results and further prognosis. The progress of radiation diagnostics primarily contributed to the development of such a discipline as traumatology. The improvement of diagnostic algorithms, an integrated ap-proach to the selection of radiation examination methods made it possible to more fully examine patients with complex fractures, determine the nature of injuries, and choose the correct tactics and scope of surgery. The presented research provides an overview of current diagnostic methods used in traumatology and orthopedics, from classical radiography to the most modern imaging methods, such as magnetic resonance, computer tomography, scintigraphy. We gave examples of using different methods of research in detecting injuries of musculoskeletal system, carried out their comparative analysis, considered issues of combined use of several diagnostic methods, presented data on positive and negative aspects of their application, analyzed effectiveness of results. We obtained material for the analysis and writing of the literary review from scientific electronic databases: eLIBRARY, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, RFFI Library, data from scientific publications of domestic and foreign authors. The depth of the search for literary sources was the period from 2008 to 2019.

Development of new metal structure for osteosynthesis of femoral fractures

We presented the results of analysis of characteristics of osteosynthesis of femur model with improved metal structure. We carried out the analysis of the literature and a patent search on the subject of the study, created a layout of this design, a prototype and tested strength characteristics using a breaking machine. We carried out the work on a bovine femur preparation, performed taking into account the maximum correspondence of the studied human femur segment. We carried out load samples for fabricated steel structures, as well as for prototypes of this design in the form of samples for shear, angular displacement and rupture, while for each sample, performed 2 versions of the location of the steel structure relative to the fracture – perpendicular to the fracture line (angle 90º), as well as with a deviation in the range of 30º (75º–105º). We detected a statistically significant increase in the load values for the new advanced steel structure at a right angle of 41 % and a variation of 56 % during the analysis of the sample for rupture. Thus, when comparing the values of the load samples of the prototype and the manufactured metal structure, we revealed an increase in the indicators of the burst sample for the new metal structure which indicates the justification of its use in clinical practice.

MODERN ASPECTS OF KINESITHERAPY FOR OSTEOCHONDROSIS OF THE CERVICAL SPINE

The aim of our work is to develop and justify the methods of health-improving classes for women aged 30-40 years with the osteochondrosis of the cervical spine. It was assumed that the developed method would help to reduce this pathology. The results of the study of the influence of the proposed methodology on the morphofunctional state of the subjects are presented. The whole complex of health-improving classes consisted of three cycles and was of a complex nature. The main emphasis of the methodology is made on the use of simulators for various purposes when conducting classes with patients. Classes were held three times a week in the health and rehabilitation center “Parallel” in Tambov. The choice of exercise equipment was determined by the diagnosis, the degree of cervical osteochondrosis and the condition of the subjects. Such simulators include: narrow-area simulators, local impact simulators, multi-functional simulators, simulators with artificial weights, simulators with natural weights, imperative simulators, simulators with free “geometry”. To assess the physical development of women aged 30-40 years with osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, heart rate and blood pressure were measured, pain was assessed, functional testing of muscles on local action simulators, multifunctional rehabilitation simulators, and lateroflexia was measured. We note the positive dynamics in women aged 30-40 years with osteochondrosis of the cervical spine.