The ionization process of chemical warfare agent simulants in low temperature plasma ionization

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-350
Author(s):  
Baoqiang Li ◽  
Jinglin Kong ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Wenxiang Fu ◽  
Zhongyao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Collision Induced Dissociation ◽  
Low Temperature Plasma ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Plasma Ionization ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Protonated Molecules

The application of low-temperature plasma ionization technology in the chemical warfare agent detection was mostly focused on the research of rapid detection methods. Limited studies are available on the ionization process of chemical warfare agents in low temperature plasma. Through the intensity of protonated molecules of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) in different solvents including methanol, deuterated methanol (methanol-D4), pure water, and deuterium oxide (water-D2), it was concluded that the water molecule in the air provides the hydrogen ion (H+) needed for ionization. The product ion spectra and the collision-induced dissociation processes of protonated molecules of nerve agent simulants, including DMMP, diethyl methanephosphonate (DEMP), trimethyl phosphate (TMP), triethyl phosphate (TEP), tripropyl phosphate (TPP), and tributyl phosphate (TBP) were analyzed. Results revealed that H+ mostly combined with phosphorus oxygen double bond (P = O) in the low-temperature plasma ionization. By analyzing the peak intensity distribution of product ions of protonated molecules, the presence of proton and charge migration in the low temperature plasma ionization and collision-induced dissociation were researched. This study could provide technical guidance for the rapid and accurate detection of chemical warfare agents through low temperature plasma ionization-mass spectrometry.

Rapid analysis of chemical warfare agents by metal needle-enhanced low-temperature plasma mass spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (29) ◽  
pp. 3721-3726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Xu Zhao ◽  
Yabin Zhao ◽  
Fujian Xu ◽  
Jinglin Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Rapid Analysis ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Low Temperature Plasma ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Metal Needle

A copper needle was coupled with LTP-MS for rapid analysis of chemical warfare agents.

scholarly journals Solid-phase microextraction low temperature plasma mass spectrometry for the direct and rapid analysis of chemical warfare simulants in complex mixtures

The Analyst ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (12) ◽  
pp. 3714-3721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morphy C. Dumlao ◽  
Laura E. Jeffress ◽  
J. Justin Gooding ◽  
William A. Donald
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Low Temperature Plasma ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Sensitive, rapid, and direct detection of chemical-warfare agent simulants in urine by solid-phase microextraction low temperature plasma ionisation mass spectrometry.

scholarly journals Surface acoustic wave nebulization improves compound selectivity of low-temperature plasma ionization for mass spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kiontke ◽  
Mehrzad Roudini ◽  
Susan Billig ◽  
Amarghan Fakhfouri ◽  
Andreas Winkler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Surface Acoustic Wave ◽  
Ionization Mechanism ◽  
Low Temperature Plasma ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Plasma Ionization ◽  
Surface Acoustic Wave Nebulization

AbstractMass spectrometry coupled to low-temperature plasma ionization (LTPI) allows for immediate and easy analysis of compounds from the surface of a sample at ambient conditions. The efficiency of this process, however, strongly depends on the successful desorption of the analyte from the surface to the gas phase. Whilst conventional sample heating can improve analyte desorption, heating is not desirable with respect to the stability of thermally labile analytes. In this study using aromatic amines as model compounds, we demonstrate that (1) surface acoustic wave nebulization (SAWN) can significantly improve compound desorption for LTPI without heating the sample. Furthermore, (2) SAWN-assisted LTPI shows a response enhancement up to a factor of 8 for polar compounds such as aminophenols and phenylenediamines suggesting a paradigm shift in the ionization mechanism. Additional assets of the new technique demonstrated here are (3) a reduced analyte selectivity (the interquartile range of the response decreased by a factor of 7)—a significant benefit in non-targeted analysis of complex samples—and (4) the possibility for automated online monitoring using an autosampler. Finally, (5) the small size of the microfluidic SAWN-chip enables the implementation of the method into miniaturized, mobile LTPI probes.

scholarly journals Acid is a potential interferent in fluorescent sensing of chemical warfare agent vapors

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengqiang Fan ◽  
Genevieve H. Dennison ◽  
Nicholas FitzGerald ◽  
Paul L. Burn ◽  
Ian R. Gentle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Fluorescent Sensing ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Sensing Material ◽  
Fluorescence Change ◽  
Warfare Agents

AbstractA common feature of fluorescent sensing materials for detecting chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and simulants is the presence of nitrogen-based groups designed to nucleophilically displace a phosphorus atom substituent, with the reaction causing a measurable fluorescence change. However, such groups are also basic and so sensitive to acid. In this study we show it is critical to disentangle the response of a candidate sensing material to acid and CWA simulant. We report that pyridyl-containing sensing materials designed to react with a CWA gave a strong and rapid increase in fluorescence when exposed to Sarin, which is known to contain hydrofluoric acid. However, when tested against acid-free diethylchlorophosphate and di-iso-propylfluorophosphate, simulants typically used for evaluating novel G-series CWA sensors, there was no change in the fluorescence. In contrast, simulants that had been stored or tested under a standard laboratory conditions all led to strong changes in fluorescence, due to acid impurities. Thus the results provide strong evidence that care needs to be taken when interpreting the results of fluorescence-based solid-state sensing studies of G-series CWAs and their simulants. There are also implications for the application of these pyridyl-based fluorescence and other nucleophilic/basic sensing systems to real-world CWA detection.

scholarly journals Author Correction: Surface acoustic wave nebulization improves compound selectivity of low-temperature plasma ionization for mass spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kiontke ◽  
Mehrzad Roudini ◽  
Susan Billig ◽  
Armaghan Fakhfouri ◽  
Andreas Winkler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Surface Acoustic Wave ◽  
Low Temperature Plasma ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Plasma Ionization ◽  
Surface Acoustic Wave Nebulization

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

scholarly journals Modified-TiO2 Photocatalyst Supported on β-SiC Foams for the Elimination of Gaseous Diethyl Sulfide as an Analog for Chemical Warfare Agent: Towards the Development of a Photoreactor Prototype

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Armelle Sengele ◽  
Didier Robert ◽  
Nicolas Keller ◽  
Valérie Keller
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Diethyl Sulfide ◽  
Tio2 Photocatalysts ◽  
Doped Tio2 ◽  
Model Molecule ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Oxidation Efficiency

In the context of the increase in chemical threat due to warfare agents, the development of efficient methods for destruction of Chemical Warfare Agents (CWAs) are of first importance both for civilian and military purposes. Amongst possible methods for destruction of CWAs, photocatalytic oxidation is an alternative one. The present paper reports on the preparation of Ta and Sn doped TiO2 photocatalysts immobilized on β-SiC foams for the elimination of diethyl sulfide (DES) used as a model molecule mimicking Yperite (Mustard Gas) in gaseous phase. Photo-oxidation efficiency of doped TiO2 catalyst has been compared with TiO2-P25. Here, we demonstrate that the Sn doped-TiO2 with a Polyethylene glycol (PEG)/TiO2 ratio of 7 exhibits the best initial activity (up to 90%) but is deactivates more quickly than Ta doped-TiO2 (40% after 800 min). The activity of the catalysts is strongly influenced by the adsorption properties of the support, as β-SiC foams adsorb DES and other sulfur compounds. This adsorption makes it possible to limit the poisoning of the catalysts and to maintain an acceptable conversion rate even after ten hours under continuous DES flow. Washing with NaOH completely regenerates the catalyst after a firs treatment and even seems to “wash” it by removing impurities initially present on the foams.

Effects of incorporating regioisomers and flexible rotors to direct aggregation induced emission to achieve stimuli-responsive luminogens, security inks and chemical warfare agent sensors

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (55) ◽  
pp. 7633-7636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmi Raman Adil ◽  
Parameswar Krishnan Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Simple Design ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Aggregation Induced Emission ◽  
Flexible Rotors ◽  
Warfare Agents

A simple design strategy to convert ACQ materials into bright AIE luminogens is demonstrated. Unique differences in photophysical properties were observed among them which gave rise to stimuli responsive behaviour and sensor for chemical warfare agents.

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