scholarly journals Rape in Armed Conflicts in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Systematic Review of the Scientific Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kabengele Mpinga ◽  
Mapendo Koya ◽  
Jennifer Hasselgard-Rowe ◽  
Emilien Jeannot ◽  
Sylvie B. Rehani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Government

We conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature between 1996 and 2013 on rape in war-ridden Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in order to better understand the interest of the scientific community in describing the magnitude and characteristics of the problem. The literature search was conducted in French and English using several databases (Pubmed, PsycInfo, Sapphire, BDSP, Embase, Rero, and Web of Science) with the key words “rape and DRC” combined with several Medical Subject Headings concepts. Our systematic review yielded 2,087 references, among which only 27 are original studies, that is 20 are based on population surveys and the remaining 7 are original data based on case studies and reviews. Ten studies provided prevalence rates of rape victims, 18 provided specific information on the profile of the victims, 10 reported that most of the perpetrators of rape were military personnel, 14 referred to the negligence of the government in protecting victims, and 10 reported a lack of competent health-care facilities. The awareness of rape in conflict-ridden DRC is still limited as reported in the scientific literature: Published scientific papers are scarce. Yet more research would probably help mobilize local authorities and the international community against this basic human rights violation.

scholarly journals Taxation and Public Financial Management of Mining Revenue in the Democratic Republic of Congo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roz Price
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Mining Sector ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Public Financial Management ◽  
Literature Base

This rapid review provides a summary of the evidence on the taxation and public financial management of mining revenues in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This is a very complex topic, with a large and growing literature base, a huge interest by donors, non-governmental organisations and businesses, with some conflicting information at times. In particular, specific data on provincial budgets and spending was not identified during this review. No specific information on public financial management in either of these provinces was identified during the course of this review. Given the burgeoning size of the literature base and the complexity of the mining sector in the DRC, this rapid review only provides a snapshot of the literature. It draws on academic, grey and donor literature sources. Some papers for further reading are highlighted. The report first provides a brief background discussion of general taxation in the DRC, the decentralisation process, and provincial public revenue management. The next section provides general information on the mining sector in the DRC, including the regulatory system and official duties, royalties and tax provisions. Section 4 goes into more detail about taxation and rent-seeking in the mining sector, touching on both large-scale mining (LSM) and artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM). The next section looks at smuggling of minerals in the DRC, with a focus on gold. Finally, some specific lessons learned were drawn from two World Bank projects and highlighted in the final section. Lessons and experiences from other mining-related projects are also highlighted throughout the report. Literature in French was not included in this rapid review, which may mean that some key documents were omitted.

scholarly journals Human biomonitoring in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): a systematic review.

2021 ◽  
pp. e00906
Author(s):  
Martin M. Kabamba ◽  
Honoré N. Mata ◽  
Crispin K. Mulaji ◽  
François B. Mbuyi ◽  
Jean-Pierre M. Elongi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Human Biomonitoring ◽  
Republic Of Congo

scholarly journals Falciparum malaria molecular drug resistance in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieudonné Makaba Mvumbi ◽  
Jean-Marie Kayembe ◽  
Hippolyte Situakibanza ◽  
Thierry L. Bobanga ◽  
Célestin N. Nsibu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Republic Of Congo

scholarly journals Social and economic consequences of the cost of obstetric and neonatal care in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo: a mixed methods study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Musau Nkola Angèle ◽  
Ntambue Mukengeshayi Abel ◽  
Omewatu Mungomba Jacques ◽  
Mundongo Tshamba Henri ◽  
Malonga Kaj Françoise
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Neonatal Care ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to explore and measure the social and economic consequences of the costs of obstetric and neonatal care in Lubumbashi, the Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods We conducted a mixed qualitative and quantitative study in the maternity departments of health facilities in Lubumbashi. The qualitative results were based on a case study conducted in 2018 that included 14 respondents (8 mothers of newborns, 2 accompanying family members and 4 health care providers). A quantitative cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in 2019 with 411 women who gave birth at 10 referral hospitals. Data were collected for one month at each hospital, and selected mothers of newborns were included in the study only if they paid out-of-pocket and at the point of care for costs related to obstetric and neonatal care. Results Costs for obstetric and neonatal care averaged US $77, US $207 and US $338 for simple, complicated vaginal and caesarean deliveries, respectively. These health expenditures were greater than or equal to 40% of the ability to pay for 58.4% of households. At the time of delivery, 14.1% of women giving birth did not have enough money to pay for care. Of those who did, 76.5% spent their savings. When households did not pay for care, mothers and their babies were held for a long time at the place of care. This resulted in the prolonged absence of the mother from the household, reduced household income, family conflicts, and the abandonment of the home by the spouse. At the health facility level, the increase in length of stay did not generate any additional financial benefits. Mothers no longer had confidence in nurses; they were sometimes separated from their babies, and they could not access certain prescribed medications or treatments. Conclusion The government of the DRC should implement a mechanism for subsidizing care and associate it with a cost-sharing system. This would place the country on the path to achieving universal health coverage in improving the physical, mental and social health of mothers, their babies and their households.

Rétroactes du conflit congolais (RDC) et regard sur ses causes

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-131
Author(s):  
Dominique Kenge Mukinayi ◽  
Sergiu Mișcoiu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Informed Decisions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Resources Development

"The conflicts in the Democratic Republic of Congo and their consequences remain a major source of concern, as they constitute a multidimensional challenge to economic and human development in the country and the region. There is a need to address the issue at the highest level, both regionally and globally, and to support the Government of the Democratic Republic of Congo in its search for a solution to the conflicts and in its efforts to put the country back on the path of sustainable development. In this context, this article seeks to increase understanding of the root causes of conflict and their consequences for development so that informed decisions can be made at the national, regional and international levels. Keywords: conflicts, violence, natural resources, development, Central Africa "

scholarly journals Challenges of finance accessibility by SMEs in the democratic republic of Congo: is gender a constraint?

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Atsede Woldie ◽  
Bushige Mwangaza Laurence ◽  
Brychan Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Government

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in income generation, job creation, poverty reduction and reducing income inequality of all countries, regardless of the level of development. Nevertheless, in developing countries, they are exposed to several challenges affecting their business operations and growth. Among others, access to external financing has been cited to be the most pressing challenge for SMEs in developing economies. The lack of accessibility has been indicated to result from the deficiencies observed from both financial institutions and SMEs. Further, it has been discovered that from the SMEs’ perspective, gender, among other entrepreneurial characteristics, has a role in accessing finance. This paper surveys a sample of 109 SMEs in the Democratic Republic of Congo not only to find what are the challenges faced in seeking finance, but also to investigate the extent to which gender impacts access to finance. The evidence gathered shows that finance is really constraining, there are more rejections than approvals of finance due to the lack of collateral, high interest rates and the inability of SMEs to develop attractive and bankable projects. With regards to gender, the findings were somehow assuring in the sense that when both women and men apply for external finance, they stand the same chances of accessing finance. Recommendations were established to all the actors. SMEs must put more effort into regulating their businesses in order to reduce their risks and build strong relationships with lenders. Financial institutions should not only reconsider the interest rates as they were perceived to be extremely high, but also train SMEs to be “more bankable”. Lastly, the Government should implement policies to support firms and render the business environment more appealing for both SMEs and financial institutions.

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