Relating the Strength Capabilities of Children to the Design of School Bus Emergency Roof Hatches

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1652-1655
Author(s):  
Yousif Abulhassan ◽  
Jerry Davis ◽  
Richard Sesek ◽  
Sean Gallagher ◽  
Mark Schall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
School Bus ◽  
Safety Standard ◽  
Optimal Force ◽  
Motor Vehicle Safety ◽  
Minimum Force ◽  
Overall Effectiveness

School bus emergency exits are regulated by the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 217 which does not consider the strength capabilities of children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the strength capabilities of children to determine the optimal force specifications required to operate school bus emergency escape roof hatches. Force exertions were measured using test apparatuses built to replicate the operating mechanisms of the emergency escape roof hatch on a school bus. Force and torque exertions of 33 subjects in the first grade were measured using an emergency escape roof hatch knob. Forty two percent of the measured maximum push force exertions on the emergency escape hatch knob were less than the 89 newton minimum force requirement specified by FMVSS No. 217. Matching the operational requirements of emergency exits to the strength capabilities of children can help improve the overall effectiveness of the emergency evacuation system.

scholarly journals KEGAGALAN FUNGSI PENGEREMAN BIS DAN TRUK AKIBAT RUSAKNYA KOMPONEN RAKITAN KAMPAS REM

ROTASI ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Dwi Basuki Wibowo ◽  
Ismoyo Haryanto
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Safety Standard ◽  
Brake Shoe ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Safety

Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) mengklasifikasikan kendaraan bis dan truk (trailer dan container) sebagai heavy duty vehicle dimana rem, kopling, dan ban adalah komponen-komponen yang harus diperiksa secara rutin karena berkaitan dengan keamanan dan umur pemakaiannya yang relatif pendek. Sebagai komponen utama material gesek kampas rem memang harus bagus dan harus lolos serangkaian test sebagaimana diatur dalam berbagai standard yaitu SNI 09-0143-1987, ASTM G0115-04, ASTM D3359-02. Tetapi menurut The American Public Transportation Association (APTA BTS-SS-RP-003-07), kinerja sistim pengereman bis dan truk tidak semata-mata ditentukan oleh kualitas material kampas rem saja tetapi juga oleh kondisi brake shoe dan prosedur pemasangan (rebuild) kampas pada brake shoe. Dari hasil survey banyak pengusaha transportasi bis di Indonesia yang mengabaikan prosedur rebuild kampas rem yang telah distandarkan oleh APTA BTS-SS-RP-003-07 tersebut. Akibatnya kampas rem cepat aus, rem terkunci, dan yang paling parah adalah rem blong (rem tidak berfungsi). Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah mengkaji kemungkinan kerusakan brake shoe assembly (komponen rakitan kampas rem) saat pengereman yang berpotensi menyebabkan terjadinya kegagalan fungsi pengereman pada bis/truk.

An Evaluation of Production Vehicle Roof Strength

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Bish ◽  
Carl E. Nash ◽  
Allan Paskin ◽  
Terence Honikman ◽  
Donald Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Safety Standard ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Original Proposal ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Motor Vehicle Safety ◽  
Roof Strength

Automobile roof strength is regulated by Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard, FMVSS, 216, promulgated in 1971 as a temporary alternative to the dolly rollover test of FMVSS 208. The originally proposed test focused the load on the A-Pillar/Roof Rail/Header intersection and required both sides of the roof to be tested sequentially mimicking the contact sequence in a multiple rollover. The current standard is a less stringent part of the original proposal, which tests the vehicle at a shallower pitch angle with a larger platen and only stresses the first or leading side impact of the vehicle roof. A new fixture has been built that closely duplicates the originally proposed test (NHSB 1971), but with more realistic load application angles that are different on the near and far side of a vehicle during a roll. Tests performed to date illustrate the weakness of current production vehicle roofs.

Roof Strength Survey of Production Passenger Cars, Light Trucks, and Vans

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason J. Sigel ◽  
Jack Bish ◽  
Terence Honikman ◽  
Donald Friedman ◽  
Carl E. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinder ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Safety Standard ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Light Trucks ◽  
Motor Vehicle Safety ◽  
Roof Strength ◽  
Model Year

We have developed and used a repeatable roof strength survey tool to assess the force resistance characteristics of over 50 passenger car, SUV, pickup, and van roofs. In a rollover, the initial roof-to-ground contact typically fractures and/or separates the vehicle’s bonded windshield. Subsequent trailing-side roof-to-ground impacts apply lateral forces to the roof and its support pillars. In 1971 the National Highway Safety Bureau (NHSB) recognized this rollover sequence and proposed a Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) that tested both sides of the roof in sequence. Our repeatable roof strength survey tool uses a hydraulic cylinder to pull the upper A-pillar, roof rail, windshield header intersection toward the rear of the opposite front door sill imitating the proposed 1971 test, but at a more realistic roll angle. It is used first on one side of the vehicle with the windshield intact before being repositioned on the other side after the fractured and separated windshield is removed and the test repeated. Tests on three vehicles of the same make, model, and model year have validated the repeatability of the test and protocol. Results from all the vehicles demonstrate that in the first side test, the strength of the roof is typically about half the strength recorded in a typical FMVSS 216 test, a further decrease in force resistance occurs after the windshield has failed, and similar elastic restoration of the deformed structure occurs on both sides.

Optimized low-risk deployment of a passenger airbag with a passenger protection wrap considering pressure dispersion

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Eun Kim ◽  
Woon-Ik Park ◽  
Bo-Sung Shin ◽  
Myung Chang Kang
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Safety Standard ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Design For Six Sigma ◽  
Motor Vehicle Safety ◽  
Passenger Airbag

The airbag is an occupant protection device widely used in the automotive industry. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 208 requires the low-risk deployment airbag system to be utilized in vehicles to protect out-of-position occupants. This paper presents a design-for-six-sigma low-risk deployment passenger airbag optimized by adding a passenger protection wrap. The passenger protection wrap reduces the cushion impact force on the passenger by ensuring pressure dispersion. A series of static tests were conducted to demonstrate the proposed system using Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 208 test procedures. The test results shows that the proposed passenger airbag satisfies the criteria established by Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 208 and also presents a significant improvement over conventional airbag systems.

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