Peculiarities of damages of drivers and passengers in cars of class D in a side impact

Aim of the study - to establish features of damage of the driver and the passenger in salon of the car of a class D at side collision. Material and methods. Cases of road accidents were analyzed from 2008 to 2021 in Zhytomyr, Rivne, Volyn regions of Ukraine. Side impact (right and left) with the fatal outcome of the driver and front passenger of class D cars were considered in the case of an automobile injury. We used general scientific and special methods, namely system-structural analysis, observation, comparison, description. Additionally, a forensic examination of the damage was carried out. Statistical analysis included primary data processing using descriptive statistics and testing the null hypothesis by multivariate analysis.Results. We identified characteristics of damage to the driver and passenger in a side impact. They were different and characterized by dependence on the right or left side of the collision.Conclusions. The resulting set of injuries witch characterize a driver or passenger of class D cars in left and right impact can be used to identify them in a forensic medical examination.

Measurement analysis of braking forces and braking coefficient at different loads of a passenger vehicle

This paper presented an analysis of the braking force efficiency, i.e. its intensity in the case. It presented an analysis of the efficiency of braking forces, i.e. their intensity in the case when the load of a passenger vehicle was gradually changing. The change in the load of the vehicle was done by varying the number of passengers in it from one to five which is a feature of a higher number of M1 category vehicle. By increasing in the number of passengers the weight of the vehicle varied by approximately 75kg per passenger. The experimental test was performed in the technical inspection station, i.e. on standard rollers for the brake system testing. The test results shown that the relative difference of braking forces occurred on the front axle during intensive braking and that the braking coefficient was the lowest of about 69.94% in the case when only the driver was in the vehicle. It increased with increasing load, i.e. the number of passengers in the vehicle up to 85.91% and then dropped by increasing the rear passenger behind the driver and front passenger to 80.43% which can affect the stability of the vehicle when braking in the event of a dangerous traffic situation.

Analysis of features of frontal collision of class D cars

Currently, there is a significant increase in road accidents, which can be associated with an increase in the number of cars, the condition of roads in the country and compliance with road discipline by road users. Modern automotive industry pays great attention to road safety. This is ensured by changes in the design of car interiors, which significantly affects the nature of injuries to victims of road accidents. That is why the solution of this issue has become extremely relevant for forensic expert practice. Aim of the work. To establish the characteristic injuries of the driver and passenger in the cabin of class D cars in a frontal collision. Material and methods. The analysis of road accidents from 2008 to 2021 in Zhytomyr, Rivne, Volyn regions of Ukraine is carried out. Cases of a fatal head-on collision with a driver and passenger in the front seat of a car with an engine capacity of 2-2.5 liters up to 4.7 meters long and 1.81 meters wide were considered. General and special methods used: system-structural analysis, observation, comparison, description. In addition, a forensic examination of the damage was conducted. Statistical analysis included primary data processing by descriptive statistics methods and null hypothesis testing by multifactor analysis. Results. A number of new features have been identified, which are inherent in the damage received in the cabin of a class D car, which can help to identify during the forensic examination. In particular, you should pay attention to the presence of neck injuries. According to the literature, injuries of the cervical spine are among the key and include: rupture of the atlanto-occipital ligament, dislocation and subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint, damage to the spinal cord and its membranes. Conclusions: The location and morphological features of spinal injuries can be used as diagnostic criteria in determining the location of the victim in the cabin of a mobile car class D in a frontal collision. The most informative is the analysis of injuries of the cervical spine of the driver and front passenger.

Significance of Brand name in Brand Loyalty-An Empirical Study in Automobile Sector

<p>This paper attempts to examine whether the consumer is brand conscious and he thinks that the brand name is important for him or not. According to the pilot study and interview method applied in this paper, the most important attributes considered by the customers while repurchasing the car are Price, Comfort and safety, Brand name and Customer Service. The study is based on primary data, collected from Jalandhar city of Punjab. Conjoint analysis is employed to determine which combinations of a limited number of attributes are most influential for the respondents while taking a decision in purchase of passenger car. In conjoint analysis, we use full profile approach in which profiles are reduced using orthogonal array approach. The empirical findings reiterate that consumers in this region experience that the most important attribute in Brand Loyalty is comfort and safety. This is because customers think that the features like front passenger airbags, advanced braking systems and air conditioning are very essential in the today are set up. The second important determinant of Brand Loyalty is price which may be accounted to affordability of the customer. The customers have also given relevance to customer service because the process of building the relationship with customer starts with the purchase of car but it keeps on evolving after the sale. The least importance is given to the attribute - brand name as per the empirical findings of the study.</p>