Sport texts in teaching polish as a foreign language

In this article I present the potential of media sport texts in terms of their utilisation in Polish as a foreign language classes. I discuss various definitions of text to indicate that it can constitute not only a linguistic concept but can also carry a communal element, a state of one’s spirit if you will. Next, I indicate the role of media texts in foreign language teaching. Further, I discuss the role of culture, popular culture in particular, in foreign language teaching. I also reference studies which have indicated the differences in how the same media genres are constructed in various linguistic contexts. My original proposal applies to sport texts, be they broadcast on the radio, television, or the internet. I indicate their potential in foreign language teaching and specific areas in which they may be applied. I conclude by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of utilising sport-themed media texts in Polish as a foreign language classes.

Determination of Relative Density and Degree of Saturation in Mineral Soils Based on In Situ Tests

Based on the results of dynamic probing (DP), time-domain reflectometry (TDR/MUX/MPTS), resistivity cone penetration tests (RCPT), Marchetti dilatometer tests (DMT), and seismic dilatometer tests (SDMT), it is possible to develop a relationship to calculate the relative density (Dr) and degree of saturation (Sr) of selected sandy soils. Compiled databases from documented research points for selected sandy soils were used to construct and develop direct correlations between the measured pressures p0 and p1 from DMT and shear wave velocity (Vs) from SDMT, along with pore water pressures (u0) and atmospheric pressure (Pa). The results allowed us to make a preliminary prediction when evaluating the parameters. Further, they allowed limiting the use of an additional device, especially in the case of multilayer heavy preconsolidated subsoils. Moreover, soil physical and mechanical characteristics (temperature, humidity, pressure, swelling, salinity) measured from TDR/MUX/MPTS (laboratory/field-operated meter for simultaneous measurements of soil moisture, matric potential, temperature, and salinity—bulk electrical conductivity) were assessed. The main achievement of this paper is the original proposal of using a new nomogram chart to determine the relative density and degree of saturation based on DMT and SDMT tests.

Modelling of Microperforated Panel Absorbers with Circular and Slit Hole Geometries

Although the original proposal of microperforated panels by Maa consisted of an array of minute circular holes evenly distributed in a thin plate, other hole geometries have been recently suggested that provide similar absorption curves to those of circular holes. With the arrival of modern machining technologies, such as 3D printing, panels microperforated with slit-shaped holes are being specially considered. Therefore, models able to predict the absorption performance of microperforated panels with variable hole geometry are needed. The aim of this article is to analyze three models for such absorbing systems, namely, the Maa model for circular holes, the Randeberg–Vigran model for slit-shaped holes, and the Equivalent Fluid model for both geometries. The absorption curves predicted for these three models are compared with the measured curves of three panels microperforated with spirally shaped slits.

VESPA: static profiling for binary optimization

Over the past few years, there has been a surge in the popularity of binary optimizers such as BOLT, Propeller, Janus and HALO. These tools use dynamic profiling information to make optimization decisions. Although effective, gathering runtime data presents developers with inconveniences such as unrepresentative inputs, the need to accommodate software modifications, and longer build times. In this paper, we revisit the static profiling technique proposed by Calder et al. in the late 90’s, and investigate its application to drive binary optimizations, in the context of the BOLT binary optimizer, as a replacement for dynamic profiling. A few core modifications to Calder et al.’s original proposal, consisting of new program features and a new regression model, are sufficient to enable some of the gains obtained through runtime profiling. An evaluation of BOLT powered by our static profiler on four large benchmarks (clang, GCC, MySQL and PostgreSQL) yields binaries that are 5.47 % faster than the executables produced by clang -O3.

European Climate Law – real changes or postponed future?

One cannot question the scientific evidence of the deterioration of the planet’s environmental quality and the global climate emergency. The apparent growth of denialism in the climate debate does not bring anything positive. The European Green Deal (“EGD”) appeared as a consolidated strategy to fight climate change, but the world is not the same as it was in December 2019. Even before the COVID-19 crisis, there were doubts about the viability of such a powerful political and financial investment. As we try to deal with the fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic and guide our economies to recovery, risks of diversion or misuse of these environmental funds seemed possible. Fortunately, environmental common sense seems to have prevailed. In an unforeseen but potentially happy marriage, the Recovery Plan for Europe and the EGD were united in their purposes and in their concrete action. The European Climate Law (“ECL”) is the first binding legal instrument born of the EGD. With a non-mishap-free preparation process, the final version provokes contradictory feelings. First, the perception that one could have gone further is inescapable. On the other hand, what is already acquired is relevant and Europe is unlikely to go back on this essential matter. There are innovations in the ECL that significantly altered the Commission’s original proposal, introducing new elements. But while some of these changes appear to have been forced by the new circumstances, others may be proof that Member States do not have the same predisposition to deal with the objectives of the EGD and the fight against climate change. The safest way to contradict this inclination is to strengthen the ECL as a key tool in the implementation of the European Union’s environmental and policy strategy.

Acrobatics

The chapter ‘Acrobatics. On the wires of empathy’ takes as a starting point Edith Stein’s critique of psychologist Theodor Lipps’ notion of empathy (Einfühlung) and her original proposal for a phenomenology of intersubjectivity. Since this debate revolves around the example of an observer watching an acrobat walking on a wire in mid air, the chapter offers an analysis of acrobatic actions in contemporary cinema (such as in Zemeckis’ The Walk) and reflects on both disembodied and embodied accounts of empathy in film studies. Recovering the filmological meaning of this term (introduced into film studies by psychologist Albert Michotte) and developing a model of cinematic empathy along the lines of Stein’s theory, the chapter illuminates the importance of the unbalancing/rebalancing dynamic in creating the spectator’s proprioceptive experience of disequilibrium.

University students involved in a sustainable world: assessing sustainable consumption in Spain

Purpose To achieve sustainable development to protect the environment and society, an increasing number of scholars have conducted in-depth research on sustainable and responsible consumption behaviors. The outputs demonstrate that consumers are increasingly concerned and aware of the issues associated with the excessive use of resources. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the validity and reliability of the Sustainable Consumption Scale (SC-S) in the Spanish context. Design/methodology/approach The adaptation of SC-S to Spanish was carried out in accordance with international methodological standards. The Spanish version of this scale was applied empirically to the research sample was composed of 962 university students (49.1% male and 50.9% female) from 54 Universities in 15 regions of Spain that participated in the study. Findings The analyses carried out to verify the psychometric properties retained 16 items from the original proposal, grouped equally in three factors: Cognitive – six items; Affective – seven items; and Conative – four items. The scale presented adequate adjustment indexes, as well as optimal values of the different measures of reliability, recommended by the literature. Originality/value This instrument can be used by the Spanish academic community, which will contribute to the assessment and prediction regarding a sustainable consumption attitude. From these screenings, it will be also possible to understand the impact and development of the objectives outlined by Agenda 2030.

Using Social Network Analysis to study the Modularity of Protest Forms: The evolution of the Basque Repertoire of Contention (1980- 2014)

Demonstrations, strikes, direct actions, and acts of civil disobedience are just a few examples of the broad set of protest tactics potentially available to citizens in order to raise their demands and call the public’s attention to unjust situations. Each of these forms of claim-making can be more or less modular. Modularity, a concept originally introduced by Sidney Tarrow (1993) and popularized by Charles Tilly (1993, 1995), refers to the adaptability or degree of transferability of protest forms to different circumstances of contention. A protest form is strongly modular when it belongs to the regular repertoire of diverse actors and is employed for the defense of varied issues, against distinct targets, and in different places. Nonetheless, despite the considerable popularity of the concept for theoretical elaboration, its empirical operationalization has so far remained underdeveloped. In this article, building upon the conceptual bases set up by Wada (2012), we lay out a new perspective for the evaluation of the modularity of protest forms. Drawing upon social network analysis, we propose to analyze contingency tables generated from protest event catalogs as two-mode networks, measuring tactical transferability as weighted degree centrality (Opsahl et al. 2010). To demonstrate the usefulness of our proposed operationalization, we examine a large original dataset of protest events, applying our measure in order to evaluate repertoire change in the Basque Country over the last four decades, tracing the evolution of ten different protest forms in terms of actor transferability. Results show a relatively rigid repertoire in which demonstrations appear as dominant, at the same time that symbolic protests have gradually increased its modularity in recent years, at the expense of civil disobedience and violent direct action, which used to be significantly more relevant during the 80s and 90s. In comparison with Wada’s original proposal, the new measure of modularity proposed in this article derives from a more intuitive operationalization and offers an easily interpretable visual representation of the data. These advantages could eventually encourage more empirical research comparing the varying modularity of forms of contention across diverse contexts and periods. Manifestaciones, huelgas, acciones directas, o actos de desobediencia civil forman parte de un amplio abanico de tácticas de protesta mediante las cuales la población plantea demandas a pie de calle. Cada una de estas formas de acción reivindicativa puede ser más o menos modular. La modularidad, concepto introducido originalmente por Sidney Tarrow (1993) y popularizado por Charles Tilly (1993, 1995), hace referencia a la capacidad de adaptación, o grado de transferibilidad, de cada forma de protesta a diferentes contextos. Es decir, un modo de protesta presenta una alta modularidad si forma parte del repertorio habitual de diversos actores y es utilizado para diferentes causas, contra distintos destinatarios y en múltiples lugares. Sin embargo, el amplio desarrollo teórico del concepto no ha ido acompañado de un desarrollo similar en su operacionalización empírica. En este trabajo, partiendo de la base conceptual desarrollada por Wada (2012), planteamos una nueva perspectiva desde la que evaluar la modularidad de las formas de protesta. Así, a través del análisis de redes sociales, proponemos analizar las tablas de contingencia generadas a partir de catálogos de eventos de protesta como redes bimodales de afiliaciones, midiendo la transferibilidad de las diferentes tácticas como la centralidad de grado ponderada (Opsahl et al. 2010). Para ilustrar la utilidad de nuestra propuesta de operacionalización, utilizamos una base de datos original de eventos de protesta, aplicando nuestra medida para describir los principales cambios en el repertorio vasco de contienda durante las últimas cuatro décadas, siguiendo la evolución de la transferibilidad entre actores de diez formas de protesta diferentes. Los resultados del estudio revelan un repertorio relativamente rígido dominado por las manifestaciones y en el que la protesta simbólica ha ido adquiriendo progresivamente una mayor modularidad, a costa de la desobediencia civil y la acción directa violenta, que gozaban de mayor relevancia en los años 80 y 90. En conclusión, la nueva medida propuesta en este artículo ofrece una operacionalización más intuitiva y fácilmente representable visualmente respecto a la propuesta inicial de Wada, lo que podría incentivar la realización de más investigaciones empíricas que comparen las características de los repertorios de contienda en diferentes contextos políticos y/o periodos históricos.

Probing Security through Input-Output Separation and Revisited Quasilinear Masking

The probing security model is widely used to formally prove the security of masking schemes. Whenever a masked implementation can be proven secure in this model with a reasonable leakage rate, it is also provably secure in a realistic leakage model known as the noisy leakage model. This paper introduces a new framework for the composition of probing-secure circuits. We introduce the security notion of input-output separation (IOS) for a refresh gadget. From this notion, one can easily compose gadgets satisfying the classical probing security notion –which does not ensure composability on its own– to obtain a region probing secure circuit. Such a circuit is secure against an adversary placing up to t probes in each gadget composing the circuit, which ensures a tight reduction to the more realistic noisy leakage model. After introducing the notion and proving our composition theorem, we compare our approach to the composition approaches obtained with the (Strong) Non-Interference (S/NI) notions as well as the Probe-Isolating Non-Interference (PINI) notion. We further show that any uniform SNI gadget achieves the IOS security notion, while the converse is not true. We further describe a refresh gadget achieving the IOS property for any linear sharing with a quasilinear complexity Θ(n log n) and a O(1/ log n) leakage rate (for an n-size sharing). This refresh gadget is a simplified version of the quasilinear SNI refresh gadget proposed by Battistello, Coron, Prouff, and Zeitoun (ePrint 2016). As an application of our composition framework, we revisit the quasilinear-complexity masking scheme of Goudarzi, Joux and Rivain (Asiacrypt 2018). We improve this scheme by generalizing it to any base field (whereas the original proposal only applies to field with nth powers of unity) and by taking advantage of our composition approach. We further patch a flaw in the original security proof and extend it from the random probing model to the stronger region probing model. Finally, we present some application of this extended quasilinear masking scheme to AES and MiMC and compare the obtained performances.

The negation of cualquier NP

Even though the interpretation of Free Choice Items such as any has been on debate for more than 50 years (Vendler, 1974, Dayal, 1998, Horn, 2000, etc.), it is relatively more recent in Spanish (Menéndez-Benito, 2005, Giannakidou and Quer, 2013, among others). Some have analyzed it as a universal quantifier, neither taking its free choiceness into account nor contexts which seem to be problematic for the universal account (see, for instance, Etxepare and Uribe-Etxebarria, 2011). In this article, we defend that cualquier is a universal indeterminate pronoun which involves freedom of choice (as in the original proposal by Vendler, 1974). We will take into account data (taken from https://www.corpusdelespanol.org/web-dial) which has not been properly considered. We will analyze the interaction of negation and cualquier in Rioplantese Spanish in the subject position of negative generic statements, in the object position in negative episodic statements, and in a non argumental position. We will combine an alternative semantics approach to the analysis of the FCI cualquier, inspired in Menéndez-Benito (2010) and Aloni (2019), with a syntactic approach to negation inspired in Etxepare and Uribe-Etxebarria (2011).