The peak-end effects in controllers’ mental workload evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Han Qiao ◽  
Yazhe Li ◽  
Jingyu Zhang ◽  
E Xiaotian ◽  
Xiangying Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Peak Effect ◽  
End Effect ◽  
End Effects ◽  
Workload Management ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Measurement Issue ◽  
Hedonic Experience

People’ retrospective evaluation of their hedonic experience is heavily influenced by the most intense (peak) and the last (end) moment. This study examines whether such peak-end effect can also be applied to the evaluation of mental workload in the context of air traffic control. Twenty professional approach controllers finished four tasks on high fidelity simulators and rated overall workload after each task by NASA-TLX scale. A 2 (high vs. low peak) by 2 (high vs. low end) within-subject design was used. The results showed that there was a significant peak effect and a marginally significant end effect. This study calls for further investigation of the measurement issue of mental workload and provides insights for workload management strategies.

Exploring the Peak-End Effects in Air Traffic Controllers’ Mental Workload Ratings

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872082199435
Author(s):  
Han Qiao ◽  
Jingyu Zhang ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Yazhe Li ◽  
Shayne Loft
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Peak Effect ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
High Peak ◽  
End Effects ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Cognitive Awareness ◽  
Potential Impact

Objective This study examined whether professional air traffic controllers (ATCos) were subject to peak-end effects in reporting their mental workload after performing an air traffic control task, and in predicting their mental workload in future scenarios. Background In affective experience studies, people’s evaluation of a period of experience is strongly influenced by the most intense (peak) point and the endpoint. However, whether the effects exist in mental workload evaluations made by professional operators is still not known. Method In Study 1, 20 ATCos performed air traffic control scenarios on high-fidelity radar simulators and reported their mental workload. We used a 2 (high peak, low peak) × 2 (high end, low end) within-subject design. In Study 2, another group of 43 ATCos completed a survey asking them to predict their mental workload given the same air traffic control scenarios. Results In Study 1, ATCos reported higher mental workload after completing the high-peak and the high-end scenarios. In contrast, in Study 2, ATCos predicted the peak workload effect but not the end workload effect when asked to predict their experience in dealing with the same scenarios. Conclusion Peak and end effects exist in subjective mental workload evaluation, but experts only had meta-cognitive awareness of the peak effect, and not the end effect. Application Researchers and practitioners that use subjective workload estimates for work design decisions need to be aware of the potential impact of peak and end task demand effects on subjective mental workload ratings provided by expert operators.

Augmented Reality Procedure Assistance System for Operator Training and Simulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1176-1180
Author(s):  
Eugene Hayden ◽  
Kang Wang ◽  
Chengjie Wu ◽  
Shi Cao
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Operator Training ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Procedural Tasks ◽  
Speed Accuracy

This study explores the design, implementation, and evaluation of an Augmented Reality (AR) prototype that assists novice operators in performing procedural tasks in simulator environments. The prototype uses an optical see-through head-mounted display (OST HMD) in conjunction with a simulator display to supplement sequences of interactive visual and attention-guiding cues to the operator’s field of view. We used a 2x2 within-subject design to test two conditions: with/without AR-cues, each condition had a voice assistant and two procedural tasks (preflight and landing). An experiment examined twenty-six novice operators. The results demonstrated that augmented reality had benefits in terms of improved situation awareness and accuracy, however, it yielded longer task completion time by creating a speed-accuracy trade-off effect in favour of accuracy. No significant effect on mental workload is found. The results suggest that augmented reality systems have the potential to be used by a wider audience of operators.

End Effect Attenuation in Tapered Roller Contacts

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Diaconescu
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Finite Length ◽  
Contact Length ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
End Effect ◽  
End Effects ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Line Contacts ◽  
Tapered Roller

The end effect attenuation in finite length line contacts is mainly approached for cylindrical bodies. Multi-radius crowning may remove end effects in tapered roller contacts. Another method for leveling maximum pressure in these contacts is the use of polynomial generatrix. This paper investigates the effect of this generatrix in tapered roller contacts. An improved pressure distribution is obtained. This has a nearly flat maximum value along most of contact length.

Peak-End Effects for Subjective Mental Workload Ratings

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 2052-2056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug A. Peterson ◽  
Denis Kozhokar
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
End Effects ◽  
Manipulation Check ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Mental Demand ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Different Order

The present study examines the possible impact of the peak-end rule as it applies to the measurement of subjective workload. Researchers presented participants with the same three tasks presented in a different order and asked participants to rate the workload of the entire session using a single item rating scale and the NASA-TLX. One of the three tasks was designed to be more challenging than the other two as confirmed by a manipulation check. When the challenging task was presented last in the session, there were significantly higher ratings on the TLX-mental demand and TLX-effort subscales. The overall NASA-TLX and the single item rating scale both produced scores that were higher when this challenging task was last but did not reach statistical significance. Future research regarding subjective mental workload should be careful to consider these end-effects as a potential source of bias.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTIONS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS WORKLOAD

Aviation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-251
Author(s):  
Serhii Borsuk ◽  
Oleksii Reva
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Time Requirements ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Core Characteristics ◽  
Complexity Increase

Mental workload is a well-known concept with a long development history. It can be used to examine students’ attitudes at the end of the educational process and compare them in groups or separately. However, building a continuous workload profile across the range of task complexity increase is still an urgent issue. All four groups of methods used to define mental workload have such flaws for the workload profile construction process as significant time requirements, single value processing and post-processing of the received results. Only one of them can be used without modifications to construct the operator’s attitude chart (profile) regarding the workload range and it doesn’t operate with more reliable absolute values. To resolve this problem, a special workload assessment grid was developed, considering the advantages of a subjective group of methods and seven core characteristics. The reasoning for grid axes choice, threshold values, and question formulation were provided. Statistics were calculated for the full sample, different grades, and educational institutions. Comparison of the received responses with referential values, cross-comparison between institutions and different grades were performed. The results contribute to such important aspects of workload, as redlines, workload profiling, and operator’s comparison.

scholarly journals STRATEGY FOR MANAGING WORKLOADS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER AT PERUM LPPNPI

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-253
Author(s):  
Ari Satria Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategy ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Air Traffic Controller ◽  
Air Traffic Flow Management ◽  
Workload Management ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Traffic Flow Management ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

This study aims to analyze workload management strategies, constraints in workload management strategies and planning and development of air traffic integration workload management strategies at Perum LPPNPI. Research data is data collected from interviews, literature studies and data observations obtained from the directorate of operations of the Perum LPPNPI office and evaluation of air navigation over a period of years to years. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study that has a complete picture of a phenomenon or event that occurs according to its purpose. The method used by researchers in analyzing data is data collection, data reduction, data display and conclusion. Subjects in this study were 5 (five) sources as officials on duty at Perum LPPNPI. The results of this study indicate that the air traffic workload management strategy at Perum LPPNPI is in fulfilling the number of human resources and needs, restructuring air space, managing ATFM (Air Traffic Flow Management), paying more attention to FRMS (Fatigue Risk Management System).

scholarly journals Electric Bicyclist Injury Severity during Peak Traffic Periods: A Random-Parameters Approach with Heterogeneity in Means and Variances

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11131
Author(s):  
Tong Zhu ◽  
Zishuo Zhu ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Chenxuan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Random Parameters ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Electric Bicycle ◽  
The Impact

Accidents involving electric bicycles, a popular means of transportation in China during peak traffic periods, have increased. However, studies have seldom attempted to detect the unique crash consequences during this period. This study aims to explore the factors influencing injury severity in electric bicyclists during peak traffic periods and provide recommendations to help devise specific management strategies. The random-parameters logit or mixed logit model is used to identify the relationship between different factors and injury severity. The injury severity is divided into four categories. The analysis uses automobile and electric bicycle crash data of Xi’an, China, between 2014 and 2019. During the peak traffic periods, the impact of low visibility significantly varies with factors such as areas with traffic control or without streetlights. Furthermore, compared with traveling in a straight line, three different turnings before the crash reduce the likelihood of severe injuries. Roadside protection trees are the most crucial measure guaranteeing riders’ safety during peak traffic periods. This study reveals the direction, magnitude, and randomness of factors that contribute to electric bicycle crashes. The results can help safety authorities devise targeted transportation safety management and planning strategies for peak traffic periods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document