Meaningful Composite Benefit Measures

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-387
Author(s):  
David L. Bitters ◽  
Gordon M. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Functional Form ◽  
Ranking Of Alternatives ◽  
The Individual ◽  
System Analyst

The structure of composite benefit measures that provide an overall ranking of alternatives for the system analyst is investigated. These composite benefit measures are functions of individual benefit measures, and the individual benefit measures may give conflicting rankings of the various alternatives. A functional form for the composite benefit measure is identified that is symantically meaningful and avoids scaling problems. In addition a method for estimating coefficients in this composite benefit measure is outlined.

scholarly journals Eight Simple Guidelines for Improved Understanding of Transformations and Nonlinear Effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 109442812199190
Author(s):  
Mikko Rönkkö ◽  
Eero Aalto ◽  
Henni Tenhunen ◽  
Miguel I. Aguirre-Urreta
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Functional Form ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Organizational Research ◽  
Common Practices ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Transforming variables before analysis or applying a transformation as a part of a generalized linear model are common practices in organizational research. Several methodological articles addressing the topic, either directly or indirectly, have been published in the recent past. In this article, we point out a few misconceptions about transformations and propose a set of eight simple guidelines for addressing them. Our main argument is that transformations should not be chosen based on the nature or distribution of the individual variables but based on the functional form of the relationship between two or more variables that is expected from theory or discovered empirically. Building on a systematic review of six leading management journals, we point to several ways the specification and interpretation of nonlinear models can be improved.

On the Futility of Aggregating Individual Learning Curves

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Baloff ◽  
Selwyn W. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Learning Curve ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Functional Form ◽  
Individual Learning ◽  
Learning Curves ◽  
Mathematical Argument ◽  
The Individual

It is argued that a mean or aggregate learning curve yields little information about the form of the individual curves from which it arose. Hypothetical examples and empirical evidence in support of the argument are discussed. Also cited is a mathematical argument showing that aggregation of certain forms of individual curves systematically results in an aggregate curve of a different functional form. Finally, it is argued that drawing conclusions about the effects of different treatments on the parameters of the learning curve is risky unless the form of the individual curves is known.

Nonlinear seismic trace interpolation

Geophysics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas G. Martinson ◽  
John R. Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Functional Form ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Initial Alignment ◽  
Seismic Section ◽  
Seismic Surveys ◽  
Nmo Correction ◽  
Geologic Interpretation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Interpretation Studies

The nonlinear correlation technique has been used to guide a seismic trace interpolant to fill gaps in seismic surveys, replace noisy traces, and produce evenly spaced arrays. Given an initial alignment (NMO correction for prestack data and manually inserted correlation lines for post‐stack data), the correlation aligns corresponding features between adjacent seismic traces and quantifies the traveltime difference between the traces on a point‐for‐point basis. This information is used to construct synthetic (interpolated) traces, at any arbitrary distance between the correlated traces, which preserve dip and amplitude changes of the individual reflectors, assuming that such dip and amplitude changes occur linearly (or some other specified functional form) between the correlated traces. The technique is applied to a 48-channel, NMO corrected, CDP gather and to a stacked seismic section to demonstrate its use, sensitivities, and limitations in processing and geologic interpretation studies. Traces synthesized in the CDP gather filling an artificial gap 0.85 km wide reproduce the true traces from the gap with good fidelity (correlation coefficients between the synthetic and real traces average ≳0.85). In another example, ∼85 percent of the variance of the original 48-channel CDP gather is recovered through interpolation by using only 16 channels. A stacked section, with true trace spacing of 25 m, was decimated to 100 m trace spacing, then interpolated to restore the original 25 m spacing. The interpolated traces reproduce the real traces with correlations of ⩾0.95, thus recovering ⩾90 percent of the variance of the original section.

scholarly journals Functional form comparison between the population and the individual Poisson based TCP models

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Schinkel ◽  
Nadia Stavreva ◽  
Pavel Stavrev ◽  
Marco Carlone ◽  
B. Fallone
Keyword(s):  
Functional Form ◽  
The Individual

scholarly journals A Comparison between Agile and Traditional Software Development Methodologies

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-42
Author(s):  
A.K.M Zahidul Islam ◽  
Dr. Alex Ferworn
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Individual Knowledge ◽  
Software Development Methodologies ◽  
Systems Requirements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
System Analyst ◽  
High Level ◽  
Agile Software

Agile and Traditional software development methodologies, both are being used in different projects of software development industry. Agile software development technology is an incremental software development process. On the other hand, Traditional software development methodologies or plan-driven software can be explained as a more formal approach to software development. These methodologies come with a fully completed set of systems requirements followed by an architectural and high level design development and inspiration. This research focuses on the software development life cycle, role and responsibilities of agile and traditional software development methodologies and their technical practices. It performs a comparison between both the software development methodologies. Here a questionnaire is used to collect data from the various experts of different IT related organizations of Bangladesh. In the questionnaire, there are three sections to bring out the individual knowledge from different organization, methodology knowledge of the respondents and software development experience of the respondents. The respondents are mainly software engineer, system analyst, software developer etc. A comparison is also performed between this survey result and a survey done by Ambler.

scholarly journals Fagsprogsforskning i Sovjetunionen

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Hans Kristian Mikkelsen
Keyword(s):  
Functional Form ◽  
Language Research ◽  
Textual Features ◽  
General Linguistic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Special Language

The author intends to describe main trends in Soviet special language research, which is conceived of as an integrated part of general linguistic stylistics. This style conception can be traced back to the 20'es, though its contemporary functional form mainly can be attributed to V.V. Vinogradov (late 50'es and early 60'es). The following stages can be seen in the exploration of the five functional styles (scientific, official-business, publicistic, colloquial, and artistic): 1) uncovering of special lexical, grammatical, and later, textual features from the individual styles, 2) explanation of these characteristics by means of extralinguistic factors, and 3) differentiation of microstyles within the main (macro-) styles.

Heat transfer across rough surfaces

1963 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Owen ◽  
W. R. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Prandtl Number ◽  
Skin Friction ◽  
Functional Form ◽  
Reynolds Analogy ◽  
Roughened Surface ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Individual

It is argued that the heat transfer between a roughened surface and a stream of incompressible fluid flowing over it is dependent on both the viscosity and thermal conductivity of the fluid even when the roughness is large enough for viscosity to have ceased to affect the skin friction.Concentrating on closely spaced roughness, sufficiently large for the skin friction to be independent of Reynolds number, a simple model is constructed of the flow near the surface. It consists of horseshoe eddies which wrap themselves round the individual excrescences and trail unsteadily downstream; the eddies are imagined to scour the surface and thereby to transport heat between the surface and the more vigorous flow in the neighbourhood of the roughness crests. Taken in conjunction with Reynolds analogy between temperature and velocity distributions in the fluid away from the surface, the model leads to an expression for the rate of heat transfer which contains a function of the roughness Reynolds number and the Prandtl number of the fluid whose detailed form is found by appeal to the limited experimental data available. An order-of-magnitude argument suggests that the functional form established empirically is consistent with the assumed model of the flow close to the surface.The object of the work is to establish a basis for the analysis of experimental data and for their extrapolation with respect to Reynolds number and Prandtl number.

The Ultrastructure of Monkey Gingival Epithelium

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
C.N. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Macaca Nemestrina ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Gingival Epithelial Cells ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Gingival Epithelium ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Thickness

The present study demonstrates the ultrastructure of the gingival epithelium of the pig tail monkey (Macaca nemestrina). Specimens were taken from lingual and facial gingival surfaces and fixed in Dalton's chrome osmium solution (pH 7.6) for 1 hr, dehydrated, and then embedded in Epon 812.Tonofibrils are variable in number and structure according to the different region or location of the gingival epithelial cells, the main orientation of which is parallel to the long axis of the cells. The cytoplasm of the basal epithelial cells contains a great number of tonofilaments and numerous mitochondria. The basement membrane is 300 to 400 A thick. In the cells of stratum spinosum, the tonofibrils are densely packed and increased in number (fig. 1 and 3). They seem to take on a somewhat concentric arrangement around the nucleus. The filaments may occur scattered as thin fibrils in the cytoplasm or they may be arranged in bundles of different thickness. The filaments have a diameter about 50 A. In the stratum granulosum, the cells gradually become flatted, the tonofibrils are usually thin, and the individual tonofilaments are clearly distinguishable (fig. 2). The mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum are seldom seen in these superficial cell layers.

A Study of the Ultrastructure of Visual Cell Outer Segment Membranes, Using a Water-Miscible Embedding Medium and Differential Staining

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 50-51
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Godfrey
Keyword(s):  
Outer Segment ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Visual Cell ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Chick Retina ◽  
Dark Staining ◽  
Embedding Medium ◽  
The Individual

Aldehyde-fixed chick retina was embedded in a water-containing resin of glutaraldehyde and urea, without dehydration. The loss of lipids and other soluble tissue components, which is severe in routine methods involving dehydration, was thereby minimized. Osmium tetroxide post-fixation was not used, lessening the amount of protein denaturation which occurred. Ultrathin sections were stained with 1, uranyl acetate and lead citrate, 2, silicotungstic acid, or 3, osmium vapor, prior to electron microscope examination of visual cell outer segment ultrastructure, at magnifications up to 800,000.Sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate (Fig. 1) showed that the individual disc membranes consisted of a central lipid core about 78Å thick in which dark-staining 40Å masses appeared to be embedded from either side.

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