Doing It with Mirrors: A Case Study of a Novel Approach to Neurorehabilitation

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sathian ◽  
Arlene I. Greenspan ◽  
Steven L. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Mirror Reflection ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Bimanual Movements ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Copy Strategy

Arm amputees can experience the perception of movement of a phantom limb while looking at a mirror reflection of the moving, intact arm superimposed on the perceived phantom. Such use of a mirror to provide illusory visual feedback of move ment can be useful in rehabilitation of hemiparetic patients. In this case report, we de scribe the successful application of "mirror therapy" to the post-stroke rehabilitation of a patient with poor functional use of an upper extremity, due mainly to so matosensory deficits. Mirror therapy facilitated employment of a motor copy strategy (bimanual movements) and later progression to "forced use" of the affected arm. The end result was increased functional use of the affected upper limb.

Cross-education plus mirror therapy as a post-stroke rehabilitation intervention: A case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
D. Simpson ◽  
M. Ehrensberger ◽  
P. Broderick ◽  
F. Horgan ◽  
C. Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Rehabilitation Intervention ◽  
Cross Education

Effectiveness of mirror therapy, motor imagery, and virtual feedback on phantom limb pain following amputation: A systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Herrador Colmenero ◽  
Jose Manuel Perez Marmol ◽  
Celia Martí-García ◽  
María de los Ángeles Querol Zaldivar ◽  
Rosa María Tapia Haro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Limb Pain

Background: Phantom limb pain is reported in 50%–85% of people with amputation. Clinical interventions in treating central pain, such as mirror therapy, motor imagery, or virtual visual feedback, could redound in benefits to amputee patients with phantom limb pain. Objectives: To provide an overview of the effectiveness of different techniques for treating phantom limb pain in amputee patients. Study design: Systematic review. Methods: A computerized literature search up to April 2017 was performed using the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PEDro, EBSCOhost, and Cochrane Plus. Methodological quality and internal validity score of each study were assessed using PEDro scale. For data synthesis, qualitative methods from the Cochrane Back Review Group were applied. Results: In all, 12 studies met our inclusion criteria, where 9 were rated as low methodological quality and 3 rated moderate quality. All studies showed a significant reduction in pain, but there was heterogeneity among subjects and methodologies and any high-quality clinical trial (PEDro score ≤8; internal validity score ≤5) was not found. Conclusion: Mirror therapy, motor imaginary, and virtual visual feedback reduce phantom limb pain; however, there is limited scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness. Future studies should include designs with more solid research methods, exploring short- and long-term benefits of these therapies. Clinical relevance This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of mirror therapy, motor imagery, and virtual visual feedback on phantom limb pain, summarizing the currently published trials and evaluating the research quality. Although these interventions have positive benefits in phantom limb pain, there is still a lack of evidence for supporting their effectiveness.

scholarly journals Veidrodžio terapijos reikšmė motorinei bei sensorinei funkcijai, skausminiam sindromui bei asocijuotos galvos smegenų žievės reorganizacijai po persirgto insulto

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Monika Žilionytė ◽  
Jurgita Savickaitė ◽  
Andrius Kederys ◽  
Lina Varžaitytė
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Mirror Neurons ◽  
Recovery Of Function ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Limb Pain ◽  
Mirror Visual Feedback ◽  
Mirror Movement

Tyrimo tikslas – apžvelgti patikimais įrodymais pagrįstą literatūrą apie veidrodinės terapijos (VT) efektyvumą pacientams, persirgusiems galvos smegenų insultu. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Atliekant sisteminę apžvalgą, mokslinių straipsnių paieška vykdyta duomenų bazėse: PubMed, BioMedCentral, Tylor&Francis, CohraneLibrary, ScienceDirect. Mokslinių straipsnių paieška atlikta pagal kiekvienai duomenų bazei pritaikytą specialią paieškos strategiją. Paieškai buvo panaudoti šie raktažodžiai: „mirror therapy“, „rehabilitation“, „stroke“, „upper limb“, „recovery of function“, „mirror movement“, „phantom limb pain „, „mirror visual feedback“, „mirror neurons system“. Į sisteminę apžvalgą įtraukti anglų kalba 2008–2016 metais publikuoti atsitiktinių imčių kontroliuojami arba kontroliuojami prieš ir po tyrimai, kuriuose buvo vertinama VT įtaka paralyžiuotos galūnės motorinei ir sensorinei funkcijai, skausmo intensyvumui bei asocijuotos galvos smegenų žievės reorganizacijai. Tyrimo rezultatai. Į sisteminę apžvalgą įtraukta 11 tyrimų. Tyrimuose buvo suformuotos dvi grupės: tiriamųjų, kuriems buvo taikyta standartinė bei VT, ir kontrolinė grupė, kuriai buvo taikoma tik standartinė terapija. Daugelyje tyrimų VT taikyta vieną mėnesį. Rezultatai buvo vertinami prieš taikytą terapiją ir po jos. Apžvelgus visus šiuos 11 straipsnių stebime, kad tose tiriamųjų grupėse, kuriose naudojama VT, ženkliai pagerėja pacientų paralyžiuotos galūnės motorinė funkcija, padidėja vikrumas, sumažėja skausmas. Išvados. VT didina smegenų aktyvumą ipsilateralinėje motorinėje žievėje, somatosensorinėje zonoje, skatina asocijuotos žievės reorganizaciją, taip pat ji padeda pasiekti geresnių rezultatų pacientams, patyrusiems nedominuojančio pusrutulio insultą, sumažina persirgus insultu atsiradusį skausmą bei padidina po insulto sumažėjusį galūnių vikrumą. VT yra veiksminga ne tik gydant ūmiu ir poūmiu insultu, tačiau ir lėtiniu galvos smegenų insultu sergančius pacientus.

scholarly journals Case Report: Traumatic Stress and Developmental Regression: An Unintended Consequence of Complex Cardiac Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire M. Dahl ◽  
Maria Kroupina ◽  
Sameh M. Said ◽  
Arif Somani
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Care Patient ◽  
Global Developmental Delay ◽  
Cardiac Care ◽  
Developmental Regression ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Trauma Informed

This brief case report outlines a novel approach to supporting the development of a pediatric complex cardiac care patient. Patient X is a 19-month old patient who spent 5.5 months in hospital and underwent multiple surgeries including heart transplantation. This case report explores the impacts of his condition and care on his development and family functioning within the framework of an integrated care model. This case report is uniquely complimented by outpatient neurodevelopmental follow up, dyadic trauma-informed intervention and use of telemedicine allowing for a deeper understanding of the family adaptation that provide novel insight into long-term trajectory beyond discharge. Throughout care Patient X met criteria for both a traumatic stress disorder and global developmental delay. This case study highlights the threat complex care poses to neurodevelopment, pediatric mental health and family dynamics as well as opportunities for intervention.

Mirror therapy for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)—A literature review and an illustrative case report

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaa Al Sayegh ◽  
Tove Filén ◽  
Mats Johansson ◽  
Susanne Sandström ◽  
Gisela Stiewe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽  
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Physical Rehabilitation ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Limb Pain

AbstractBackground and purposeThis case of a 42 year old woman with lower extremity Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) after a twisting injury of the ankle, effectively treated with the addition of mirror therapy to a rehabilitation programme, prompted a literature review of both CRPS and mirror therapy. Mirror therapy is a newer adjunct to other forms of pain control and functional restoration for treatment of CRPS as well as other difficult clinical problems. This was a required group project as part of a university based course in chronic pain for healthcare workers.Materials and methodsThe PubMed database up to September 26,2012 was reviewed using four search word groups: “CRPS mirror therapy”, “mirror CRPS”, “reflex sympathetic dystrophy OR Complex Regional Pain Syndrome AND mirror” and “reflex sympathetic dystrophy OR Complex Regional Pain Syndrome AND mirror + RCT”. Nine studies from PubMed met the criteria that this working group had chosen for inclusion in the analysis of mirror therapy as treatment. These references were supplemented by others on CRPS in order to generate an adequate review of both the syndrome CRPS and mirror therapy itself. Some references were specific for mirror therapy in the treatment of CRPS but others described mirror therapy for the treatment of phantom limb pain, brachial plexus avulsion pain, for physical rehabilitation of stroke related paresis and for rehabilitation after hand surgery.ResultsCriteria for the diagnosis of CRPS including the International Association for the Study of Pain criteria and the Budapest criteria are reviewed with an emphasis on the specificity and sensitivity of the various criteria for clinical and research purposes. The signs and symptoms of CRPS are a part of the criteria review.The main treatment strategy for CRPS is physical rehabilitation for return of function and mirror therapy is one of many possible strategies to aid in this goal.The patient in this case report had failed many of the adjunctive therapies and rehabilitation had been unsuccessful until the addition of mirror therapy. She then could progress with physical rehabilitation and return to a more normal life. Mirror therapy techniques are briefly described as part of a discussion of its success with relationship to signs and symptoms as well as to the duration of CRPS (and other syndromes). Some discussion of the theories of the central effects of both CRPS and phantom limb pain and how these are affected by mirror therapy is included.An analysis of the 9 most relevant articles plus a critique of each is present in table form for review.ConclusionsThere appears to be a clear indication for the use of mirror therapy to be included in the multidisciplinary treatment of CRPS types 1 and 2 with a positive effect on both pain and motor function. There is also evidence that mirror therapy can be helpful in other painful conditions such as post stroke pain and phantom limb pain.ImplicationsCRPS is often overlooked as an explanation for obscure pain problems. Prompt diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. Mirror therapy is a newer technique, easy to perform and can be a useful adjunct to aid physical rehabilitation and decrease pain in this population. Much further prospective research on mirror therapy in CRPS is ongoing and is needed to systematize the technique, to clarify the effects and to define the place of this therapy in the multidisciplinary management of CRPS.

scholarly journals Mirror therapy for phantom limb pain in moderate intellectual disability. A case report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel Folch ◽  
Daniel Gallo ◽  
Jordi Miró ◽  
Luis Salvador‐Carulla ◽  
Rafael Martínez‐Leal
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Limb Pain ◽  
Moderate Intellectual Disability
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