Predictive Value of Slow and Fast EEG Oscillations for Methylphenidate Response in ADHD

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 332-338
Author(s):  
Emel Sari Gokten ◽  
Emine Elif Tulay ◽  
Birsu Beser ◽  
Mine Elagoz Yuksel ◽  
Kemal Arikan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Quantitative Eeg ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Theta Power ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Binary Regression Analysis ◽  
Gamma Power ◽  
Fast Oscillations

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder and is characterized by symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity. In the current study, we obtained quantitative EEG (QEEG) recordings of 51 children aged between 6 and 12 years before the initiation of methylphenidate treatment. The relationship between changes in the scores of ADHD symptoms and initial QEEG features (power/power ratios values) were assessed. In addition, the children were classified as responder and nonresponder according to the ratio of their response to the medication (>25% improvement after medication). Logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the accuracy of QEEG features for predicting responders. The findings indicate that patients with increased delta power at F8, theta power at Fz, F4, C3, Cz, T5, and gamma power at T6 and decreased beta powers at F8 and P3 showed more improvement in ADHD hyperactivity symptoms. In addition, increased delta/beta power ratio at F8 and theta/beta power ratio at F8, F3, Fz, F4, C3, Cz, P3, and T5 showed negative correlations with Conners’ score difference of hyperactivity as well. This means, those with greater theta/beta and delta/beta powers showed more improvement in hyperactivity following medication. Theta power at Cz and T5 and theta/beta power ratios at C3, Cz, and T5 have significantly classified responders and nonresponders according to the logistic binary regression analysis. The results show that slow and fast oscillations may have predictive value for treatment response in ADHD. Future studies should seek for more sensitive biomarkers.

Medication Effects on EEG Biomarkers in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Havva Nuket Isiten ◽  
Merve Cebi ◽  
Bernis Sutcubasi Kaya ◽  
Baris Metin ◽  
Nevzat Tarhan
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Quantitative Eeg ◽  
Theta Power ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Medication Effects ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Medication Status

EEG biomarkers have become increasingly used to aid in diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Despite several studies suggesting that EEG theta/beta ratio may help discriminating ADHD from other disorders, the effect of medications on theta/beta ratio is not known. Forty-three children with ADHD that were evaluated with quantitative EEG before and after methylphenidate were included in the study. Theta/beta ratio, theta and beta powers for whole brain, central, and frontal areas were calculated. Theta/beta power decreased significantly after treatment; however, this change was largely due to an increase in beta power, rather than a fall in theta power. The results suggest that beta power is sensitive to medication effects, while theta power remains as a trait biomarker unaffected by medication status. The value of EEG biomarkers for monitoring neuropsychological performance and clinical status should be explored by future studies.

Medication Effects on EEG Biomarkers in Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S125-S125
Author(s):  
M. Cebi ◽  
N. İsiten ◽  
B. Metin ◽  
B. Sütçübaşı ◽  
N. Tarhan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Status ◽  
Quantitative Eeg ◽  
Neuropsychological Performance ◽  
Theta Power ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Medication Effects ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Medication Status

EEG biomarkers have become increasingly used to aid in diagnosis of ADHD. Despite several studies suggesting that EEG theta/beta ratio may help discriminating ADHD from other disorders, the effect of medications on theta/beta ratio is not known. Forty-three children with ADHD that were evaluated with quantitative EEG before and after methylphenidate were included in the study. Theta/beta ratio, theta and beta powers for whole brain, central and frontal areas were calculated. Theta/beta power decreased significantly after treatment; however this change was largely due to an increase in beta power, rather than a fall in theta power. The results suggest that beta power is sensitive to medication effects, while theta power remains as a trait biomarker unaffected by medication status. The value of EEG biomarkers for monitoring neuropsychological performance and clinical status should be explored by future studies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Gamma Oscillations Index Sustained Attention in a Brief Vigilance Task

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 546-550
Author(s):  
Lorraine Borghetti ◽  
Megan B. Morris ◽  
L. Jack Rhodes ◽  
Ashley R. Haubert ◽  
Bella Z. Veksler
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Theta Power ◽  
High Performers ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Gamma Power ◽  
Compensatory Effort

Sustained attention is an essential behavior in life, but often leads to performance decrements with time. Computational accounts of sustained attention suggest this is due to brief disruptions in goal-directed processing, or microlapses. Decreases in gamma spectral power are a potential candidate for indexing microlapses and discriminating between low and high performers in sustained attention tasks, while increases in beta, alpha, and theta power are expected to exhibit compensatory effort to offset fatigue. The current study tests these hypotheses in a 10-minute Psychomotor Vigilance Test, a context that eliminates confounds with measuring gamma frequencies. 34 participants ( Mage = 22.60; SDage = 4.08) volunteered in the study. Results suggested frontal gamma power declined with time-on-task, indicating reduction in central cognition. Beta power increased with time-on-task, suggesting compensatory effort; however, alpha and theta power did not increase. Additionally, gamma power discriminated between low and high performers, potentially suggesting motivational differences between the groups.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological markers of genetic risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Tye ◽  
Gráinne McLoughlin ◽  
Jonna Kuntsi ◽  
Philip Asherson
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Quantitative Eeg ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
Genetic Overlap

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder with complex genetic aetiology. The identification of candidate intermediate phenotypes may facilitate the detection of susceptibility genes and neurobiological mechanisms underlying the disorder. Electroencephalography (EEG) is an ideal neuroscientific approach, providing a direct measurement of neural activity that demonstrates reliability, developmental stability and high heritability. This systematic review evaluates the utility of a subset of electrophysiological measures as potential intermediate phenotypes for ADHD: quantitative EEG indices of arousal and intraindividual variability, and functional investigations of attention, inhibition and performance monitoring using the event-related potential (ERP) technique. Each measure demonstrates consistent and meaningful associations with ADHD, a degree of genetic overlap with ADHD and potential links to specific genetic variants. Investigations of the genetic and environmental contributions to EEG/ERP and shared genetic overlap with ADHD might enhance molecular genetic studies and provide novel insights into aetiology. Such research will aid in the precise characterisation of the clinical deficits seen in ADHD and guide the development of novel intervention and prevention strategies for those at risk.

scholarly journals Atypical resting-state gamma band trajectory in adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Tombor ◽  
Brigitta Kakuszi ◽  
Szilvia Papp ◽  
János Réthelyi ◽  
István Bitter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Gamma Power ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
Band Activity

AbstractDecreased gamma activity has been reported both in children and adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, while ADHD is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder, our insight into the associations of spontaneous gamma band activity with age is limited, especially in adults. Therefore, we conducted an explorative study to investigate trajectories of resting gamma activity in adult ADHD patients (N = 42) versus matched healthy controls (N = 59). We investigated the relationship of resting gamma activity (30–48 Hz) with age in four right hemispheric electrode clusters where diminished gamma power in ADHD had previously been demonstrated by our group. We found significant non-linear association between resting gamma power and age in the lower frequency gamma1 range (30–39 Hz) in ADHD as compared to controls in all investigated locations. Resting gamma1 increased with age and was significantly lower in ADHD than in control subjects from early adulthood. We found no significant association between gamma activity and age in the gamma2 range (39–48 Hz). Alterations of gamma band activity might reflect altered cortical network functioning in adult ADHD relative to controls. Our results reveal that abnormal gamma power is present at all ages, highlighting the lifelong nature of ADHD. Nonetheless, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our results.

scholarly journals The impact of mindfulness training on theta and beta power in youth with ADHD: an EEG analysis and methodological considerations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel Sibalis
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Tasks ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Active Attention ◽  
The Impact

Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity. The most common management tool, stimulant medication, shows limited efficacy in youth due to side effects, stigma, and noncompliance. The current quasi-experimental study examines the influence of a behavioural, mindfulness-based treatment program for youth, Integra Mindfulness Martial Arts, on theta power, beta power, and theta/ beta ratio (TBR), neural indices reflecting attentional ability. Additionally, the current study compared the use of rest versus active attention tasks in order to determine which task type best displayed attention-related treatment gains. Improvements in attentional ability, indexed by a decrease in TBR, were found for the treatment group, but not controls, during an active attention task and not during a rest task. These findings support mindfulness training as a treatment option for ADHD, and support the use of active versus passive attention tasks when examining treatment-related gains. Keywords: attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, mindfulness, youth, EEG, theta/beta ratio

scholarly journals Epileptiform abnormalities and quantitative EEG in children with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (3a) ◽  
pp. 462-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lineu Corrêa Fonseca ◽  
Glória Maria A.S. Tedrus ◽  
César de Moraes ◽  
Amanda de Vicente Machado ◽  
Marcela Pupin de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Quantitative Eeg ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Adhd Children

There is much controversy about the importance of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in assessing the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objective of this study was to assess the use of EEG and quantitative EEG (qEEG) in ADHD children. Thirty ADHD children and 30 sex- and age-matched controls with no neurological or psychiatric problems were studied. The EEG was recorded from 15 electrode sites during an eyes-closed resting condition. Epileptiform activity was assessed, as were the absolute and relative powers in the classical bands after application of the Fast Fourier transform. Epileptiform activity was found in 3 (10%) ADHD children. As compared to the controls, the ADHD group showed significantly greater absolute delta and theta powers in a diffuse way, and also greater absolute beta power and smaller relative alpha 1 and beta powers at some electrodes. A logistic multiple regression model, allowed for 83.3% sensibility and specificity in diagnosing ADHD.

scholarly journals The impact of mindfulness training on theta and beta power in youth with ADHD: an EEG analysis and methodological considerations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel Sibalis
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Tasks ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Active Attention ◽  
The Impact

Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity. The most common management tool, stimulant medication, shows limited efficacy in youth due to side effects, stigma, and noncompliance. The current quasi-experimental study examines the influence of a behavioural, mindfulness-based treatment program for youth, Integra Mindfulness Martial Arts, on theta power, beta power, and theta/ beta ratio (TBR), neural indices reflecting attentional ability. Additionally, the current study compared the use of rest versus active attention tasks in order to determine which task type best displayed attention-related treatment gains. Improvements in attentional ability, indexed by a decrease in TBR, were found for the treatment group, but not controls, during an active attention task and not during a rest task. These findings support mindfulness training as a treatment option for ADHD, and support the use of active versus passive attention tasks when examining treatment-related gains. Keywords: attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, mindfulness, youth, EEG, theta/beta ratio

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of 0.6 Million Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. e97-e103
Author(s):  
Irene Rethemiotaki
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an increasingly recognized chronic neurodevelopmental disorder. This work aims at studying the prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with ADHD in the United States in the period between 2009 and 2018. Data from the National Health Interview Survey were analyzed by univariate and multivariate statistics to assess the role of socioeconomic factors in the development of ADHD. It has been studied 615,608 children, 51.2% male and 48.7% female. The prevalence of ADHD was 9.13%, with males predominating over females. The number of children with ADHD increased from 2009 to 2018 by 14.8%. As specified by multiple logistic regression analysis, males (odds ratio [OR] 2.38) who have neither mother nor father (OR 1.76) are twice as likely to have ADHD compared with their peers. In addition, family income (OR 1.40) and parent's education (OR 1.12) were significantly associated with ADHD. It has been highlighted the significance of deprivation of both family and financial comfort as primary indicators for ADHD in children. Moreover, children with ADHD were more likely to be males in the age group of 12 to 17.

scholarly journals Altered dopaminergic firing pattern and novelty response underlie ADHD-like behavior of SorCS2-deficient mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ditte Olsen ◽  
Niels Wellner ◽  
Mathias Kaas ◽  
Inge E. M. de Jong ◽  
Florence Sotty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Firing Pattern ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Paradoxical Response ◽  
Dopaminergic Transmission ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Responses To Dopamine ◽  
Circuit Function ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most frequently diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder worldwide. Affected individuals present with hyperactivity, inattention, and cognitive deficits and display a characteristic paradoxical response to drugs affecting the dopaminergic system. However, the underlying pathophysiology of ADHD and how this relates to dopaminergic transmission remains to be fully understood. Sorcs2−/− mice uniquely recapitulate symptoms reminiscent of ADHD in humans. Here, we show that lack of SorCS2 in mice results in lower sucrose intake, indicating general reward deficits. Using in-vivo recordings, we further find that dopaminergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is shifted towards a more regular firing pattern with marked reductions in the relative occurrence of irregular firing in Sorcs2−/− mice. This was paralleled by abnormal acute behavioral responses to dopamine receptor agonists, suggesting fundamental differences in dopaminergic circuits and indicating a perturbation in the balance between the activities of the postsynaptic dopamine receptor DRD1 and the presynaptic inhibitory autoreceptor DRD2. Interestingly, the hyperactivity and drug response of Sorcs2−/− mice were markedly affected by novelty. Taken together, our findings show how loss of a candidate ADHD-risk gene has marked effects on dopaminergic circuit function and the behavioral response to the environment.

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