scholarly journals Epileptiform abnormalities and quantitative EEG in children with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (3a) ◽  
pp. 462-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lineu Corrêa Fonseca ◽  
Glória Maria A.S. Tedrus ◽  
César de Moraes ◽  
Amanda de Vicente Machado ◽  
Marcela Pupin de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Quantitative Eeg ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Adhd Children

There is much controversy about the importance of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in assessing the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objective of this study was to assess the use of EEG and quantitative EEG (qEEG) in ADHD children. Thirty ADHD children and 30 sex- and age-matched controls with no neurological or psychiatric problems were studied. The EEG was recorded from 15 electrode sites during an eyes-closed resting condition. Epileptiform activity was assessed, as were the absolute and relative powers in the classical bands after application of the Fast Fourier transform. Epileptiform activity was found in 3 (10%) ADHD children. As compared to the controls, the ADHD group showed significantly greater absolute delta and theta powers in a diffuse way, and also greater absolute beta power and smaller relative alpha 1 and beta powers at some electrodes. A logistic multiple regression model, allowed for 83.3% sensibility and specificity in diagnosing ADHD.

Medication Effects on EEG Biomarkers in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Havva Nuket Isiten ◽  
Merve Cebi ◽  
Bernis Sutcubasi Kaya ◽  
Baris Metin ◽  
Nevzat Tarhan
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Quantitative Eeg ◽  
Theta Power ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Medication Effects ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Medication Status

EEG biomarkers have become increasingly used to aid in diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Despite several studies suggesting that EEG theta/beta ratio may help discriminating ADHD from other disorders, the effect of medications on theta/beta ratio is not known. Forty-three children with ADHD that were evaluated with quantitative EEG before and after methylphenidate were included in the study. Theta/beta ratio, theta and beta powers for whole brain, central, and frontal areas were calculated. Theta/beta power decreased significantly after treatment; however, this change was largely due to an increase in beta power, rather than a fall in theta power. The results suggest that beta power is sensitive to medication effects, while theta power remains as a trait biomarker unaffected by medication status. The value of EEG biomarkers for monitoring neuropsychological performance and clinical status should be explored by future studies.

Prevalence of bruxism in children receiving treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a pilot study

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghadah Malki ◽  
Khalid Zawawi ◽  
Marcello Melis ◽  
Christopher Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dental Attrition ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
And Gender

The objective of this study was to evaluate reported bruxism among children affected by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Thirty children diagnosed with ADHD and 30 healthy age and gender matched controls participated in the study. All subjects were examined for dental attrition, and the parents were asked for signs and symptoms of bruxism in their children using a questionnaire. Prevalence of oral parafunction was evaluated comparing ADHD children taking medications, ADHD children not taking medications, and controls. Subjects affected by ADHD and pharmacologically treated showed higher occurrence of bruxism compared to subjects affected by ADHD not taking medicines and controls; and within the ADHD group taking medications, CNS-stimulants have been associated with such side effect more frequently than the other drugs.

scholarly journals Effect of one-month treatment with methylphenidate on salivary cortisol level of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esraa Yahia Kholif ◽  
Salwa Mohamed Awad ◽  
Nasr Mohamed Attia ◽  
Ziyad Essam Tawhid ◽  
Mahmoud Elwasify
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Salivary Cortisol Level

Abstract Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuropsychological disorders that affects children, adolescents, and adults. Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) has been implicated in its pathophysiology. So, this study aimed to compare the salivary cortisol level between ADHD children and healthy children. It also compared the salivary cortisol level of ADHD children before treatment and 1 month after treatment with methylphenidate. Results This study showed that there was a statistically significant decrease in salivary cortisol level of the ADHD group, specifically hyperactive/impulsive subtype compared to the control group. Furthermore, it showed a statistically significant increase of salivary cortisol level after treatment compared to before treatment in the ADHD group. Conclusions HPA axis dysfunction may be related to the pathophysiology of ADHD, specifically hyperactive/impulsive subtype. Methylphenidate positively affects the HPA axis of ADHD children.

Quantitative EEG in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-249
Author(s):  
Pál Czobor ◽  
Viktória Simon ◽  
László Tombor ◽  
Szilvia Papp ◽  
Sarolta Komlósi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Quantitative Eeg ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Mainstream and Remedial School Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Boys: More Alike than Different

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
J. B. Savitz ◽  
P. Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Executive Deficits ◽  
Mainstream School ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Neuropsychological Tasks

The literature on the neuropsychology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is plagued by inconsistent findings, which are usually attributed to a variety of extraneous variables. One of the most inadequately explored of these variables is the difference between ADHD children attending remedial and mainstream schools. This study aimed to investigate whether the performance of remedial and mainstream school ADHD boys differs on relevant neuropsychological tasks. The sample consisted of three groups of 8- to 12-year-old boys. Two of these groups consisted of children with ADHD: one from remedial schools and one from mainstream schools. The third group was made up of participants without ADHD, who attended mainstream schools. The performance of the remedial school learners on the Stroop, Lurian and cancellation tasks was investigated and compared to a mainstream school ADHD sample. The performance of the ADHD group as a whole was compared with that of a control group. No significant difference in performance was found between the two ADHD groups, except for the length of time taken to read words in the control condition of the Stroop. The control group out-performed the ADHD samples on the Stroop, Lurian and cancellation tasks. The findings suggest that mainstream and remedial ADHD boys do not differ in the severity of their executive deficits, but that boys with ADHD attending remedial schools may be more likely to have another learning disorder than their counterparts at mainstream schools.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Creativity, and the Effects of Methylphenidate

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-819
Author(s):  
Jeanne B. Funk ◽  
John B. Chessare ◽  
Michael T. Weaver ◽  
Anita R. Exley
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Clinically Significant

Given that children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more impulsive than peers, this study explored whether they are correspondingly more creative, and whether creativity declines when impulsivity is decreased through methylphenidate (Ritalin) therapy. A repeated-measures quasi-experimental design was used to compare the performance of 19 boys with previously diagnosed ADHD and 21 comparison boys aged 8 through 11 on two administrations of alternate forms of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking-Figural (nonverbal). Boys with ADHD received prescribed methylphenidate only for the first session. Overall, mean Torrance summary scores for comparison boys (mean = 115.1, SD = 16.1) were higher than for boys with ADHD (mean = 107.6, SD = 12.7). However, the difference between means was small (7%) and did not meet the 25% criterion for a clinically significant difference. No changes in performance over time (comparison group) or medication state (ADHD group) were observed. These data suggest that, when measured nonverbally, the creative thinking performance of boys with ADHD is not superior to that of peers who do not have ADHD. Regarding the effects of methylphenidate, prescribed therapy did not influence performance on this measure of creative thinking.

Study of Disturbed Eating Behaviors in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba E Essawy ◽  
Ahmed A Abdelgawad ◽  
Marwa E Khamis ◽  
Alaa Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Independent Factor ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Disturbed Eating ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Z Scores

ABSTRACT Background There is emergent evidence that disturbed eating behaviors, including emotional eating and obesity, co-occur with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. The current study aims to examine the link between ADHD symptoms, eating behaviors and obesity in ADHD children. Patients and Methods 50 ADHD children diagnosed by Conners scale were included. They completed the Emotional Eating scale adapted for children (ESS-C) to evaluate eating in response to emotions. Parents completed the Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) to assess children’s eating behavior. Multivariable regression analysis was used to detect the most independent factor for higher Body mass Index (BMI) risk. Results: Higher rates of overweight/obesity were detected among ADHD children than among normal population. Also, higher Conners global index was associated with higher BMI z-scores. Both Inattentive and combined types were linked to higher BMI, while hyperactive type with lower BMI. Regarding eating behaviors, a positive association between food approach and BMI, and a negative association between food avoidant and BMI z-scores was found. Similarly, there was a noteworthy positive relation between emotional overeating and BMI. 68% of ADHD children were high emotional eaters, mainly inattentive and combined types. Others, mainly hyperactive type, were low emotional eaters. Only ESS-C total score was confirmed as independent factor for higher BMI risk. Conclusion Our findings provide evidence that emotional overeating and food approach eating behaviors are common among ADHD children with higher BMI associated with them. Future studies for better understanding of this overlap will enhance potential interventions.

Availability of dopamine transporters and auditory P300 abnormalities in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: preliminary results

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Lin Chu ◽  
I Hui Lee ◽  
Mei Hung Chi ◽  
Kao Chin Chen ◽  
Po See Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Auditory P300 ◽  
Related Potentials

ObjectivePrevious studies have indicated that there is dopamine transporter (DAT) dysregulation and P300 abnormality in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, the correlations among the three have not been fully explored.MethodsA total of 11 adults (9 males and 2 females) with ADHD and 11 age-, sex-, and education-level-matched controls were recruited. We explored differences in DAT availability using single-photon emission computed tomography and P300 wave of event-related potentials between the two groups. The correlation between DAT availability and P300 performance was also examined.ResultsDAT availability in the basal ganglia, caudate nucleus, and putamen was significantly lower in the ADHD group. Adults with ADHD had lower auditory P300 amplitudes at the Pz and Cz sites, as well as longer Fz latency than controls. DAT availability was negatively correlated to P300 latency at Pz and Fz.ConclusionsAdults with ADHD had both abnormal DAT availability and P300 amplitude, suggesting that ADHD is linked to dysfunction of the central dopaminergic system and poor cognitive processes related to response selection and execution.

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