scholarly journals A Novel Swine Model to Evaluate Arterial Vessel Injury after Mechanical Endovascular Thrombectomy

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gory ◽  
D. Bresson ◽  
A. Rouchaud ◽  
C. Yardin ◽  
C. Mounayer
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Arterial Injury ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Endovascular Thrombectomy ◽  
Vessel Injury ◽  
Intracranial Arteries ◽  
Device Interaction

Few animal models have been reported to evaluate and compare mechanical endovascular thrombectomy (MET) devices used to treat human ischemic stroke. These models may contribute to the understanding of arterial injury induced by a MET device and potentially by extrapolation to human intracranial arteries. We have developed a novel swine model for MET that allows visualization of the thrombus/device interaction and characterization of mechanical impact on the vessel wall. Twenty superficial femoral arteries were occluded with radiopaque thrombus, and 20 without thrombus were treated with thrombectomy devices. Acute histopathological changes were evaluated. The swine femoral artery, which is comparable in size to the human middle cerebral artery or basilar artery, may offer a useful animal model for the study of histologic alterations induced by MET.

The Stent Artery Interaction

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linxia Gu ◽  
Aswini K. Muttyam
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stent Implantation ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Arterial Injury ◽  
Vessel Injury ◽  
Stenting Procedure ◽  
Stenotic Vessel

Experimental and clinical evidence indicate that degree of arterial injury after stent implantation is strongly linked with various stent designs. In this study, Computational models are developed to predict stents-induced arterial strain and stress during the stenting procedure. The intramural stresse filed in the stenotic vessel wall is obtained to understand the injuries caused by stent implantation. Circumferential tensile stresses are maximal in the wall near the plaque edge, and the stress values are much higher than the tensile strength of the wall medial. Stress gradient at the interface among the stent, plaque and artery are also high. These results indicate a possibility of the injury near the edge of contact surface. The stress gradient and the vessel injury may be reduced by alternating stent designs.

scholarly journals Comparison of Subacute Vascular Damage Caused by ADAPT versus Stent Retriever Devices after Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Histological and Ultrastructural Study in an Animal Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Peschillo ◽  
Alejandro Tomasello ◽  
Francesco Diana ◽  
David Hernandez ◽  
Giada Toccaceli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Optical And Electron Microscopy ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Stent Retrievers ◽  
Intracranial Arteries ◽  
Tunica Intima

Objectives: To assess the delayed (15 days) histological and ultrastructural changes occurring following endovascular treatment with a direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT) or stent retrievers (SRs) and to compare the findings in order to determine which is the least harmful technique and what changes occur. Materials and Methods: Damage to the wall of swine extracranial arteries was evaluated after ADAPT with the Penumbra system or thrombectomy with various SRs. The procedures were performed using two pigs as animal models; extracranial cervical arteries were selected based on their diameters in order to reproduce the procedures as in human intracranial arteries, and endovascular thrombectomies were done after the injection of autologous thrombi. Two weeks later, the animals were euthanized, and 60 arterial samples were obtained for analysis by optical and electron microscopy. Results: Optical and electron microscopy revealed that both techniques cause, in different way, alterations to the structure of the vessel wall. Conclusions: Both techniques caused damage to the vessel wall. The main damages were localized at the level of the tunica media and adventitia, instead of the tunica intima as in the acute phase. Further investigation is required to better understand whether these alterations could have chronic consequences.

Electron Microscopic Detection and Characterization of Nonhuman Primate Enteric Viruses

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
G. C. Smith ◽  
R. L. Heberling ◽  
S. S. Kalter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Microscopic Detection

A number of viral agents are recognized as and suspected of causing the clinical condition “gastroenteritis.” In our attempts to establish an animal model for studies of this entity, we have been examining the nonhuman primate to ascertain what viruses may be found in the intestinal tract of “normal” animals as well as animals with diarrhea. Several virus types including coronavirus, adenovirus, herpesvirus, and picornavirus (Table I) were detected in our colony; however, rotavirus, astrovirus, and calicivirus have not yet been observed. Fecal specimens were prepared for electron microscopy by procedures reported previously.

Development and characterization of an animal model of carnitine deficiency

2001 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. 1876-1887
Author(s):  
Markus Spaniol ◽  
Hilary Brooks ◽  
Lucas Auer ◽  
Arthur Zimmermann ◽  
Marc Solioz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Carnitine Deficiency

scholarly journals Preclinical Testing of Radiopharmaceuticals for the Detection and Characterization of Osteomyelitis: Experiences from a Porcine Model

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4221
Author(s):  
Aage Kristian Olsen Alstrup ◽  
Svend Borup Jensen ◽  
Ole Lerberg Nielsen ◽  
Lars Jødal ◽  
Pia Afzelius
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Radioactive Tracers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

The development of new and better radioactive tracers capable of detecting and characterizing osteomyelitis is an ongoing process, mainly because available tracers lack selectivity towards osteomyelitis. An integrated part of developing new tracers is the performance of in vivo tests using appropriate animal models. The available animal models for osteomyelitis are also far from ideal. Therefore, developing improved animal osteomyelitis models is as important as developing new radioactive tracers. We recently published a review on radioactive tracers. In this review, we only present and discuss osteomyelitis models. Three ethical aspects (3R) are essential when exposing experimental animals to infections. Thus, we should perform experiments in vitro rather than in vivo (Replacement), use as few animals as possible (Reduction), and impose as little pain on the animal as possible (Refinement). The gain for humans should by far exceed the disadvantages for the individual experimental animal. To this end, the translational value of animal experiments is crucial. We therefore need a robust and well-characterized animal model to evaluate new osteomyelitis tracers to be sure that unpredicted variation in the animal model does not lead to a misinterpretation of the tracer behavior. In this review, we focus on how the development of radioactive tracers relies heavily on the selection of a reliable animal model, and we base the discussions on our own experience with a porcine model.

Choosing sheep (Ovis aries) as animal model for temporomandibular joint research: Morphological, histological and biomechanical characterization of the joint disc

Morphologie ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (331) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.F. Angelo ◽  
P. Morouço ◽  
N. Alves ◽  
T. Viana ◽  
F. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Joint Research

Characterization of an Animal Model of Ventilator-Acquired Pneumonia

CHEST Journal ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles-Hugo Marquette ◽  
Dephine Wermert ◽  
Frédéric Wallet ◽  
Marie-Christine Copin ◽  
André-Bernard Tonnel
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model

Abstract 1122‐000172: High Resolution Vessel Wall Imaging and Cerebrovascular Plaques: Comparison with DSA, MRA, and CTA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Fakih ◽  
Alberto Miller ◽  
Ashrita Raghuram ◽  
Sebastian Herrera ◽  
Sedat Kandemirli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Wall ◽  
The Other ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Rater Agreement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tof Mra ◽  
Plaque Detection ◽  
Wall Imaging

Introduction : Current imaging modalities might underestimate the presence and severity of intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAD). High resolution vessel wall imaging (HR‐VWI) MRI emerged as a powerful tool to diagnose plaques not detected on routine imaging. We aim to compare different imaging modalities (HR‐VWI MRI; digital subtraction angiogram (DSA); Time‐of‐flight (TOF) MRA; and CTA) in the identification and characterization of intracranial atherosclerotic culprit plaques. Methods : Patients diagnosed with ICAD were prospectively imaged with HR‐VWI MRI. Culprit plaques were identified based on the likelihood of causing the stroke. Using cross‐sectional images of intracranial vessels, regions of interest (ROI) were delineated. Then, diameters and ROI areas were measured for the purpose of calculating the following variables: degree of stenosis (DS) at the plaque level, plaque burden (PB), and remodeling index (RI). Additional imaging modalities (DSA, TOF MRA, and CTA) were identified retrospectively for each patient. The sensitivity of detecting a culprit plaque as well as the correlations between the different variables were analyzed for each modality. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the association of DS with PB and RI. Interobserver agreement on the determination of a culprit plaque on every imaging modality was evaluated. Results : A total of 44 patients who underwent HR‐VWI had ICAD and were included in the final analysis. Of those, 34 had CTA, 18 had TOF‐MRA, and 18 had DSA. Using HR‐VWI as gold standard, the sensitivity for culprit plaque detection was 88% for DSA, 78% for TOF MRA, and 76% for CTA. We found no difference between the DS in all four modalities using measured cross‐sectional diameters, but difference was found when measuring ROI areas to calculate DS. There was a significant positive correlation between PB and DS on HR‐VWI MRI (p<0.001), but not on the DSA (p = 0.168), MRA (p = 0.144), or CTA (p = 0.253), and a significant negative correlation between RI and DS on HR‐VWI MRI (p = 0.003), but not on DSA (p = 0.783), MRA (p = 0.405), or CTA (p = 0.751). PB and RI predicted the degrees of stenosis on HR‐VWI, but not on the other modalities. There was good inter‐rater agreement for culprit plaque detection on HR‐VWI (k = 0.48, p = 0.001), but no agreement was found on the other modalities. Conclusions : HR‐VWI MRI can locate otherwise undetectable plaques on conventional imaging through the ability to measure plaque burden, an essential component for characterization of plaques severity and a strong predictor of stenosis. HR‐VWI also showed more accurate measurements of degree of stenosis through measurement of ROI areas, and had good inter‐rater agreement for accurate plaque detection, compared to DSA, MRA, and CTA.

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