Levels of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 1 in Plasma and Urine from Patients with Bladder Cancer

Aim To assess the potential use of plasma and urine levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) in urothelial cancer. Methods TIMP-1 levels were determined in urine and plasma from healthy donors (n=26), patients with bacterial bladder infection (n=24), urothelial bladder adenoma (n=3) or adenocarcinoma (n=7). Results Free and total TIMP-1 in plasma were weakly but significantly correlated with age; urinary TIMP-1 was not. A strong correlation between free and total TIMP-1 in plasma was observed, with an average ratio of 0.85. No correlation between total TIMP-1 in urine and plasma was found (p=0.55). No significant differences in free or total TIMP-1 in plasma were found between healthy individuals, patients with cystitis or bladder cancer (p=0.4). Urinary TIMP-1 levels were significantly increased in patients with cystitis (p=0.001). No apparent differences in TIMP-1 levels were found in patients with bladder cancer at different stages. Conclusion Our previous observation of a weak but significant correlation between plasma TIMP-1 and age was confirmed. Likewise, an association between free and total TIMP-1 in plasma with a ratio of 0.85 was established. No correlation between plasma and urine TIMP-1 was found. Measurement of TIMP-1 in plasma and/or urine is apparently not useful for the identification of bladder cancer.

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Treatment of metastatic bladder cancer

10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0079 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Fabio Calabrò ◽

Cora N. Sternberg

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Urothelial Cancer ◽

Clinical Investigation ◽

Good Prognosis ◽

New Drugs ◽

Urothelial Bladder Cancer ◽

Urothelial Bladder ◽

Molecular Patterns ◽

The Impact

Although bladder cancer is considered a chemosensitive malignancy, the prognosis of patients with metastatic disease is poor, with a median survival of approximately 12–14 months in good prognosis patients and with cure in only a minority. The addition of new drugs to the standard cisplatin-based regimens has not improved these outcomes. In this chapter, we highlight the role of chemotherapy and the impact of the new targeted agents in the treatment of metastatic bladder carcinoma. A better understanding of the underlying biology and the molecular patterns of urothelial bladder cancer has led to clinical investigation of several therapeutic targets. To date, these agents have yet to demonstrate an improvement in overall survival. Urothelial cancer is extremely sensitive to checkpoint inhibition with both anti PD-1 and anti PDL1 antibodies. The future seems brighter with the advent of these new therapies.

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Quantification of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 2 in Plasma from Healthy Donors and Cancer Patients

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-3083.2005.01585.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 61 (5) ◽

pp. 449-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

M. B. Larsen ◽

R. W. Stephens ◽

N. Brunner ◽

H. J. Nielsen ◽

L. H. Engelholm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Tissue Inhibitor Of Metalloproteinases ◽

Tissue Inhibitor ◽

Healthy Donors

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Management of the urethra in urothelial bladder cancer

Canadian Urological Association Journal ◽

10.5489/cuaj.1198 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (6-S4) ◽

pp. 211 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Androniki Kanaroglou ◽

Bobby Shayegan

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Radical Cystectomy ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Urothelial Cancer ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Urothelial Bladder Cancer ◽

Risk Of Recurrence ◽

Urothelial Bladder ◽

Bladder Substitution ◽

Contemporary Management

The standard of care in the management of invasive urothelialcancer of the bladder is radical cystectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy.Although uncommon, recurrence of disease in the retainedurethra following cystectomy carries a poor prognosis. The needfor assessment of risk of recurrence is greater now than ever withwider adoption of orthotopic bladder substitution. This reviewwill address the contemporary management of the urethra followingcystectomy for urothelial cancer.

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Histologic variants of urothelial bladder cancer and nonurothelial histology in bladder cancer

Canadian Urological Association Journal ◽

10.5489/cuaj.1195 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (6-S4) ◽

pp. 193 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Venu Chalasani ◽

Joseph L. Chin ◽

Jonathan I. Izawa

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Bladder Cancer ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Urothelial Cancer ◽

Small Cell ◽

Urothelial Bladder Cancer ◽

Divergent Differentiation ◽

Urothelial Bladder ◽

Worse Prognosis

Bladder cancer can be classified histologically as urothelial ornon-urothelial. Urothelial cancer has a propensity for divergentdifferentiation, which has increasingly been recognized in recentyears due to heightened awareness and improved immunohistochemistrytechniques. Furthermore, the recent World HealthOrganization classification of urothelial cancers improved clarityon this issue, with its listing of 13 histologic variants of urothelialcancer. The divergent differentiation patterns include, amongstothers, squamous, glandular, micropapillary, nested, lymphepithelioma-like, plasmacytoid and sarcomatoid variants of urothelialcancer. Attempts to quantify the amount of divergent differentiationpresent, such as using the nonconventional differentiationnumber, have been made recently, which will improve the abilityto compare publications from different centres. Genetic-basedstudies have indicated that the histologic variants of urothelialcancer arise from a common clonal precursor. Mostly, the currentevidence suggests that urothelial cancer with divergent differentiationhas a worse prognosis when compared with pure urothelialcancer. This article will review the current literature on varianthistologies of urothelial cancer, and well as new developmentsin pure squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinomaof the bladder.

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Pathologic Response Rates of Gemcitabine/Cisplatin versus Methotrexate/Vinblastine/Adriamycin/Cisplatin Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Muscle Invasive Urothelial Bladder Cancer

Advances in Urology ◽

10.1155/2013/317190 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Franklin C. Lee ◽

William Harris ◽

Heather H. Cheng ◽

Jaideep Shenoi ◽

Song Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽

Urothelial Cancer ◽

Response Rates ◽

Complete Response ◽

Pathologic Response ◽

Urothelial Bladder Cancer ◽

Urothelial Bladder ◽

Muscle Invasive ◽

Alternative Regimen

Objectives. To compare pathologic outcomes after treatment with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) versus methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin, and cisplatin (MVAC) in the neoadjuvant setting.Methods. Data was retrospectively collected on 178 patients with T2-T4 bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy between 2003 and 2011. Outcomes of interest included those with complete response (pT0) and any response (≤pT1). Odds ratios were calculated using multivariate logistic regression.Results. Compared to those who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy, there were more patients with complete response (28% versus 9%, OR 3.11 (95% CI: 1.45–6.64),P=0.03) and any response (52% versus 25%, OR 3.23 (95% CI: 1.21–8.64),P=0.01). Seventy-two patients received GC (n=41) or MVAC (n=31). CR was achieved in 29% and 22% of GC and MVAC patients, respectively (multivariate OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.10–1.58). Any response (≤pT1) was achieved in 56% of GC and 45% of MVAC patients (multivariate OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.12–1.71).Conclusions. We observed similar pathologic response rates for GC and MVAC neoadjuvant chemotherapy in this cohort of patients with muscle invasive urothelial cancer (MIBC). Our findings support the use of GC as an alternative regimen in the neoadjuvant setting.

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Levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 in plasma and urine from patients with bladder cancer

The International Journal of Biological Markers ◽

10.5301/jbm.2008.1217 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 6-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.N. Holten-Andersen ◽

N. Brunner ◽

H.J. Nielsen ◽

I.J. Christensen ◽

N. Moller Sorensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Tissue Inhibitor Of Metalloproteinases ◽

Tissue Inhibitor

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Measurement of the Noncomplexed Free Fraction of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 1 in Plasma by Immunoassay

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/48.8.1305 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 48 (8) ◽

pp. 1305-1313 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Mads N Holten-Andersen ◽

Ib Jarle Christensen ◽

Hans Jørgen Nielsen ◽

Hans Lilja ◽

Gillian Murphy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Form ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Free Fraction ◽

Free Form ◽

Tissue Inhibitor Of Metalloproteinases ◽

Tissue Inhibitor ◽

Healthy Donors ◽

Edta Plasma ◽

The Mean ◽

Total Concentrations

Abstract Background: We previously found differences in total concentrations of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) in plasma from donors and cancer patients. Because TIMP-1 can exist in more than one molecular form, a new immunoassay to specifically detect free TIMP-1 was developed and concentrations were determined in plasma from healthy donors and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods: We established and validated an immunoassay for the specific measurement of free TIMP-1 that uses a polyclonal anti-TIMP-1 antibody for capture and a monoclonal anti-TIMP-1 antibody that binds only free TIMP-1 for detection of antigen. Plasma samples from healthy donors and CRC patients were assayed for free TIMP-1. Total TIMP-1 was measured by our previously published assay. Results: The mean (SD) concentrations of free TIMP-1 were similar in citrate [55.5 (11.5) μg/L] and EDTA plasma [58.9 (13.3) μg/L] from 76 donors (r2 = 0.82). In 154 donors, the ratio of free TIMP-1 [mean (SD), 64.5 (18.0) μg/L] to total TIMP-1 [83.8 (19.8) μg/L] in EDTA plasma was 0.77. Plasma concentrations of free and total TIMP-1 correlated significantly to age (free, r2 = 0.19; total, r2 = 0.27; P <0.0001), increasing 50% over an age span of 45 years. Free and total TIMP-1 were significantly increased in CRC patients (P <0.0001), whereas the ratio of free to total TIMP-1 (mean, 0.58) was significantly lower than in donors. Conclusions: Most of the TIMP-1 in donor plasma is present in its free form, and free TIMP-1 increases with age. Free and total TIMP-1 are increased in CRC patient plasma, but the ratio of free to total TIMP-1 is significantly lower in these patients than in donors.

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Tulium laser in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder with spread to the ostium of the ureter

Cancer Urology ◽

10.17650/1726-9776-2020-16-3-198-204 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 198-204

Author(s):

M. E. Novikov ◽

N. A. Meleshko ◽

I. G. Akopyan

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Urothelial Cancer ◽

Cell Cancer ◽

Transitional Cell ◽

Upper Urinary Tract ◽

En Bloc ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Transitional Cell Cancer ◽

Urothelial Bladder

Urothelial transitional cell cancer in developed countries is the 4th most common. In terms of frequency, it is outstripped only by prostate, breast, lung, and colorectal cancer. In the vast majority of cases, urothelial carcinoma develops in the bladder. It accounts for 90—95 % of all cases of transitional cell cancer of the urinary tract. Much less often, in 5—10 % have to deal with its localization in the upper urinary tract (in the calico-pelvic system or ureter). In 17 % of upper urinary tract cancers, bladder cancer is simultaneously diagnosed. The incidence of urothelial transitional cell cancer has increased over the past few decades as a result of improved diagnosis and improved survival of patients with this nosology. The use of modern, high-tech equipment for visualization and direct surgical intervention contributes to such results. The use of laser energy as the main tool for tissue dissection in endoscopic oncourology reveals the undeniable advantages of this method in comparison with the traditional electrosurgery.We present a clinical observation of the diagnosis and surgical treatment of urothelial bladder cancer with invasion of the ureter, performed by en-bloc tulium laser. An operation was performed-transurethral resection of a urothelial bladder tumor with invasion of the ureter, performed by en-bloc tulium laser. Intraoperatively, ureteropieloscopy was performed, and the tumor did not spread to the upper urinary tract beyond the intramural part of the ureter. Thanks to the precision of the action of the tulium laser on the tissue, not resection, but, in fact, dissection of the bladder wall, a high-quality macropreparation was obtained, which made it possible to establish a final diagnosis. Histological conclusion: from the bladder — non-invasive urothelial cancer G2-3; from the mouth of the left ureter — fragments of fibrous tissue lined with urothelium from atypia. 3 months after the operation — no recurrence of urothelial cancer was revealed, which indicates a high quality of the operation.This clinical observation demonstrates the superiority of laser en-bloc dissection compared to the treatment of bladder tumors. Obtaining a macro-product of urothelial transitional cell cancer of the highest quality can contribute to avoiding unjustified radical nephrureterectomies and conducting organ-preserving treatment, for absolute and elective indications. The 1.94 µm Tulium Erbium laser is an effective tool for performing minimally invasive transurethral interventions in non-invasive bladder cancer.

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