An optimal trajectory planning algorithm for autonomous trucks: Architecture, algorithm, and experiment

Safe lane changing of the dynamic industrial park and port scenarios with autonomous trucks involves the problem of planning an effective and smooth trajectory. To solve this problem, we propose a new trajectory planning method based on the Dijkstra algorithm, which combines the Dijkstra algorithm with a cost function model and the Bezier curve. The cost function model is established to filter target trajectories to obtain the optimal target trajectory. The third-order Bezier curve is employed to smooth the optimal target trajectory. Road experiments are carried out with an autonomous truck to illustrate the effectiveness and smoothness of the proposed method. Compared with other conventional methods, the improved method can generate a more effective and smoother trajectory in the truck lane change.

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Automatic Lane-Changing Decision Based on Single-Step Dynamic Game with Incomplete Information and Collision-Free Path Planning

Actuators ◽

10.3390/act10080173 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 173

Author(s):

Hongbo Wang ◽

Shihan Xu ◽

Longze Deng

Keyword(s):

Path Planning ◽

Dynamic Game ◽

Single Step ◽

Bézier Curve ◽

Vehicle Safety ◽

Bezier Curve ◽

Lane Change ◽

Hardware In The Loop ◽

Power Performance ◽

Lane Changing

Traffic accidents are often caused by improper lane changes. Although the safety of lane-changing has attracted extensive attention in the vehicle and traffic fields, there are few studies considering the lateral comfort of vehicle users in lane-changing decision-making. Lane-changing decision-making by single-step dynamic game with incomplete information and path planning based on Bézier curve are proposed in this paper to coordinate vehicle lane-changing performance from safety payoff, velocity payoff, and comfort payoff. First, the lane-changing safety distance which is improved by collecting lane-changing data through simulated driving, and lane-changing time obtained by Bézier curve path planning are introduced into the game payoff, so that the selection of the lane-changing start time considers the vehicle safety, power performance and passenger comfort of the lane-changing process. Second, the lane-changing path without collision to the forward vehicle is obtained through the constrained Bézier curve, and the Bézier curve is further constrained to obtain a smoother lane-changing path. The path tracking sliding mode controller of front wheel angle compensation by radical basis function neural network is designed. Finally, the model in the loop simulation and the hardware in the loop experiment are carried out to verify the advantages of the proposed method. The results of three lane-changing conditions designed in the hardware in the loop experiment show that the vehicle safety, power performance, and passenger comfort of the vehicle controlled by the proposed method are better than that of human drivers in discretionary lane change and mandatory lane change scenarios.

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