scholarly journals Botulinum toxin in the management of chronic migraine: clinical evidence and experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus M Escher ◽  
Lejla Paracka ◽  
Dirk Dressler ◽  
Katja Kollewe
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Headache Frequency ◽  
United States Food ◽  
History Of ◽  
States Food ◽  
Review Reports

Chronic migraine (CM) is a severely disabling neurological condition characterized by episodes of pulsating unilateral or bilateral headache. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®) for the prophylactic treatment of CM in 2010. It has been shown that onabotulinumtoxinA is effective in the reduction of headache frequency and severity in patients with CM. Treatment is well tolerated by the patients. This review reports on the history of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) in CM and presents the current clinical evidence for the use of onabotulinumtoxinA in the treatment of CM.

History of the United States Food Administration, 1917-1919

1942 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
J. P. Bretz ◽  
William C. Mullendore ◽  
Herbert Hoover
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Food ◽  
History Of ◽  
States Food

History of the United States Food Administration, 1917-1919.

1942 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Forrest Wilson ◽  
William Clinton Mullendore ◽  
Herbert Hoover ◽  
Ralph Haswell Lutz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Food ◽  
History Of ◽  
States Food

Empiric Management of Cyanide Toxicity Associated with Smoke Inhalation

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 374-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. O’Brien ◽  
Donald W. Walsh ◽  
Colleen M. Terriff ◽  
Alan H. Hall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Unintentional Injury ◽  
The United States ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Cyanide Toxicity ◽  
United States Food ◽  
History Of ◽  
States Food ◽  
Enclosed Space ◽  
Fire Scene

AbstractEnclosed-space smoke inhalation is the fifth most common cause of all unintentional injury deaths in the United States. Increasingly, cyanide has been recognized as a significant toxicant in many cases of smoke inhalation. However, it cannot be emergently verified. Failure to recognize the possibility of cyanide toxicity may result in inadequate treatment. Findings suggestive cyanide toxicity include: (1) a history of an enclosed-space fire scene in which smoke inhalation was likely; (2) the presence of oropharyngeal soot or carbonaceous expectorations; (3) any alteration of the level of consciousness, and particularly, otherwise inexplicable hypotension (systolic blood pressure ≤90 mmHg in adults). Prehospital studies have demonstrated the feasibility and safety of empiric treatment with hydroxocobalamin for patients with suspected smoke inhalation cyanide toxicity. Although United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved since 2006, the lack of efficacy data has stymied the routine use of this potentially lifesaving antidote. Based on a literature review and on-site observation of the Paris Fire Brigade, emergency management protocols to guide empiric and early hydroxocobalamin administration in smoke inhalation victims with high-risk presentations are proposed.

Delirium Secondary to Lamotrigine Toxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Sanchez ◽  
Adam J. Fusick ◽  
Steven R. Gunther ◽  
Michael J. Hernandez ◽  
Gregory A. Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Correlation ◽  
Medication Regimen ◽  
Medication Effects ◽  
United States Food ◽  
States Food ◽  
Rule Out

Background: Lamotrigine is a phenyltriazine medication that has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as monotherapy and as an adjunctive agent for the treatment of seizure disorder. It was later approved by the FDA for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Lamotrigine is generally well tolerated by patients, but some serious symptoms can occur during treatment. These severe side effects include rashes and multi-organ failure. Lamotrigine has also been associated with the development of mental status changes, frequently when used concurrently with other medications that may impact the metabolism of lamotrigine. Objective: To present the case of a 65-year-old man being treated with lamotrigine and valproic acid who developed mental status changes after the addition of sertraline to his medication regimen, and to compare this case to existing cases reported in the literature. Discussion: Our case adds to the existing literature by demonstrating that patients may experience adverse medication effects despite lamotrigine levels that are normally considered to be in the therapeutic range, highlighting the importance of clinical correlation when obtaining medication levels. Conclusion: Clinicians should use caution interpreting lamotrigine levels when working up delirium, as normal levels may not rule out the development of lamotrigine toxicity.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Convalescent Plasma Use in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Livius Tirnea ◽  
Felix Bratosin ◽  
Iulia Vidican ◽  
Bianca Cerbu ◽  
Mirela Turaiche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
United States Food ◽  
States Food

Background and Objectives: On 24 March 2020, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced the approval of convalescent plasma therapy for critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as an emergency investigational new drug. This pilot study from Romania aimed to determine if convalescent plasma transfusion can be beneficial in the treatment of selected critically ill patients diagnosed with a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Materials and Methods: Donor and receiver eligibility for critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients was based on Romanian guidelines issued at the time of the study. Here, we describe the evolution of a total of five eligible patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who received convalescent plasma (CP) in Romania. Results: In spite of our efforts and convalescent plasma administration, three of the five patients did not survive, while the other two recovered completely. Over the course of our five-day laboratory record, the surviving patients had significantly lower values for C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and white blood cells. Conclusions: This pilot study provides insufficient evidence to determine the efficacy of convalescent plasma use as a therapeutic option for critically ill COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Review of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273

2021 ◽  
pp. 089719002110096
Author(s):  
Shyh Poh Teo
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Safety Surveillance ◽  
Mass Immunization ◽  
United States Food ◽  
States Food

The United States Food and Drug Administration recently issued emergency use authorization for 2 mRNA vaccines for preventing COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus infections. BNT162b2 from Pfizer-BioNTech and mRNA-1273 by Moderna are planned for use in mass-immunization programs to curb the pandemic. A brief overview of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines is provided, describing the SARS-CoV-2 RNA, how mRNA vaccines work and the advantages of mRNA over other vaccine platforms. The Pfizer-BioNTech collaboration journey to short-list mRNA vaccine candidates and finally selecting BNT162b2 based on safety data is outlined, followed by the Phase 3 study of BNT162b2 demonstrating 95% efficacy in preventing COVID-19 infections. Studies regarding mRNA-1273 (Moderna) are described, including extended immunogenicity data up to 119 days. The Phase 3 COVE study of mRNA-1273 eventually showed vaccine efficacy of 94.5%. Recommendations for future mRNA vaccine development are provided, including ongoing safety surveillance, evaluation in under-represented groups in previous studies and improving mRNA vaccine thermostability. Finally, further logistical considerations are required for manufacturing, storing, distribution and implementing mass vaccination programs to curb the pandemic.

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