scholarly journals Corrigendum to “The role of self-evaluation in predicting attitudes toward supporters of COVID-19-related conspiracy theories: A direct and a conceptual replication of Cichoka et al. (2016).”

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 183449092110648
Keyword(s):  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Self Evaluation

scholarly journals The role of self-evaluation in predicting attitudes toward supporters of COVID-19-related conspiracy theories: A direct and a conceptual replication of Cichoka et al. (2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 183449092110525
Author(s):  
Birte Siem ◽  
Benedikt Kretzmeyer, ◽  
Stefan Stürmer
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Total N ◽  
Specific Criterion ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
Different Sources

We examined the role of people’s self-evaluation in predicting their attitudes toward supporters of COVID-19-related conspiracy theories by replicating and extending the findings of a study by Cichocka et al. (2016, Study 3) in two preregistered studies (total N = 1179). Study 1, a direct replication, confirmed that narcissism and self-esteem—two different sources of people’s self-evaluation—differentially predicted their beliefs in a series of well-known conspiracy theories (not related to COVID-19), and served as mutual suppressor variables. Specifically, narcissism was positively related and self-esteem was negatively related to conspiracy beliefs, especially when the respective other predictor was controlled for. Study 2 extended Cichocka’s and our Study 1’s findings by testing the differential role of self-esteem and narcissism in predicting a COVID-19-specific criterion. Specifically, we focused on people’s rejection of supporters of COVID-19 conspiracy theories, a criterion we deem particularly important in curtailing the spread of these theories. Results were generally in line with previous findings, but effects were substantially weaker. As suggested by exploratory analyses, this might be due to the fact that the overall rejection of supporters measure comprises not only items capturing rejection of supporters but also items capturing low beliefs in conspiracy theories. These two distinct components differentially related to self-esteem and narcissism: the differential role of self-esteem and narcissism could only be replicated for the “low belief” subcomponent (thus replicating findings from the original study and from Study 1) but not for the “rejection of supporters” subcomponent. The present work thus contributes to recent research suggesting that low belief in conspiracy theories and the rejection of their supporters might be qualitatively different responses with unique antecedents.

Makeup and its application simulation affect women’s self-perceptions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Varella Valentova ◽  
Anthonieta Looman Mafra ◽  
Natália Machado ◽  
Marco Antonio Correa Varella
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Real ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Appearance Satisfaction ◽  
Self Assessments

Appearance modification is ancient, universal, and influences other- and selfperceptions. The role of expectation of appearance modification has never beeninvestigated. We analyzed self-assessments of women without makeup and after having makeup professionally applied at four increasing levels. In the simulation phase,women were treated with colorless cosmetics. Fifty Brazilian women (Mage = 24.26) rated themselves on attractiveness, health, self-esteem, femininity, satisfaction withappearance, age, dominance, confidence, and competence in all experimental conditions. Women in the simulation phase considered themselves more feminine,healthier, and with higher self-esteem than without makeup. In the real makeup phases, these ratings were higher than in simulation phase. Appearance satisfaction and attractiveness did not differ between simulation and the real makeup phases, both being higher than without makeup. Confidence increased only in real makeup phases, and there was no effect on competence. Thus, real appearance modification and/or an expectation thereof can differently affect specific domains of self-evaluation.

scholarly journals Europejskie portfolio językowe jako instrument samooceny prac pisemnych na poziomie zaawansowanym w nauce języka obcego

Neofilolog ◽  
1970 ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Krzemińska
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Languages ◽  
German Language ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Education College ◽  
Second Year ◽  
State Higher Education

The purpose of this article is to explore the role of the ELP in teaching language skills to students of foreign languages, in my professional situation – to German Language and Literature students. The article attempts to answer the following questions: To what extent do the ELP and the Council of Europe documents help students of foreign languages use self-evaluation? How do these documents support learner autonomy? Due to the growing interest in the ELP, I focused my attention on the use of self-evaluation skills by college students during their writing tasks. The article presents the results of a study on self-evaluation. It was carried out among first and second year students of German Language and Literature Studies at the State Higher Education College in Włocławek in the academic years 2005/2006 and 2006/2007.

scholarly journals Hannah Arendt and the contemporary social construction of conspiracy theorists

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Lewandowsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Hannah Arendt ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Specific Position ◽  
Epistemic Standards

There has been much concern with the abundance of misinformation in public discourse. Although misinformation has always played a role in political debate, its character has shifted from support for a specific position to a “shock and chaos” stream of misinformation and conspiracy theories. Exposure to conspiracy theories can have considerable adverse impact on society. I argue that scholars therefore have a responsibility to combat conspiracy theories and misinformation generally. Exercising this responsibility requires an understanding of the varied rhetorical roles of conspiracy theories. Here I focus on instances in which people reject unequivocal scientific evidence and invoke conspiracy theories, or radical anti-institutional positions, based on ideological imperatives. I argue that those positions do not always reflect true attitudes. Instead, people may deploy extreme rhetoric as a pragmatic tool of political expression. I investigate this possibility by focusing on the role of conspiracy theories in the rejection of science. Conspiracist cognition and rhetoric violate the epistemic standards that underpin science. Ironically, this violation of epistemic standards renders conspiracy theories useful as a rationally deployed tool that serves political purposes. I present a study that confirms that conspiracy theories can be deployed to support worldview-motivated denial of science. I provide suggestions how scholars can debunk or defang conspiratorial rhetoric.

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