Makeup and its application simulation affect women’s self-perceptions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Varella Valentova ◽  
Anthonieta Looman Mafra ◽  
Natália Machado ◽  
Marco Antonio Correa Varella
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Real ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Appearance Satisfaction ◽  
Self Assessments

Appearance modification is ancient, universal, and influences other- and selfperceptions. The role of expectation of appearance modification has never beeninvestigated. We analyzed self-assessments of women without makeup and after having makeup professionally applied at four increasing levels. In the simulation phase,women were treated with colorless cosmetics. Fifty Brazilian women (Mage = 24.26) rated themselves on attractiveness, health, self-esteem, femininity, satisfaction withappearance, age, dominance, confidence, and competence in all experimental conditions. Women in the simulation phase considered themselves more feminine,healthier, and with higher self-esteem than without makeup. In the real makeup phases, these ratings were higher than in simulation phase. Appearance satisfaction and attractiveness did not differ between simulation and the real makeup phases, both being higher than without makeup. Confidence increased only in real makeup phases, and there was no effect on competence. Thus, real appearance modification and/or an expectation thereof can differently affect specific domains of self-evaluation.

Making Sure You See the Real Me: The Role of Self-Esteem in Spontaneous Self-Expansion

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica B. Slotter ◽  
Lyuboslava Kolarova
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Romantic Partner ◽  
The Real ◽  
Negative Attributes

People alter their self-concepts by incorporating attributes of close others, such as desired romantic partners, into their own identity. The current research examined self-esteem as a moderator of this spontaneous self-expansion. Two studies tested the hypothesis that when presented with a prospective romantic partner, higher self-esteem people (HSE) would self-expand to adopt positive attributes, while lower self-esteem people (LSE) would self-expand to adopt negative attributes. This tendency corresponds with people’s desire to self-verify and be seen by others in line with their own self-views, which are often negative among those lower in self-esteem. Study 1 ( n = 218) and Study 2 ( n = 234) confirmed our predictions that when motivated to increase romantic closeness to a prospective partner, self-esteem differentially predicts people’s spontaneous self-expansion to adopt positive versus negative attributes.

What Regulates Gratitude Response of Women and Men? The Role of the Received Good, Psychosocial Factors, and Repayment

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna E. Preś ◽  
Jacek Kurpisz ◽  
Justyna Pełka-Wysiecka ◽  
Katarzyna Adamowicz ◽  
Daria Suchecka-Fidura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Good Material ◽  
Quasi Experimental

This paper touches upon gender differences concerning psychosocial factors related to the emotional reaction of gratitude and forms of expressing gratitude in quasi-experimental conditions. It is based on findings from a study conducted on 576 participants of both sexes, aged 14 to 86 years. There were used three versions of the same questionnaire, depending on the type of the received good—material, intangible, or none. The participants’ gratitude level (as a trait), self-esteem, and emotional intelligence were measured. The findings revealed that women and young adults experience the highest levels of gratitude. Gender and age significantly differentiated the preferred ways of showing gratitude. Gratitude level was found to be positively correlated with self-esteem, emotional intelligence, and readiness to help people—both the benefactor and others. Getting an intangible good was associated with the strongest urge to reciprocate the benefactor. The preferred way of showing gratitude significantly varied between the investigated groups.

scholarly journals Job Search Time and Self-Perceptions of Curriculum Impact among Technology and Livelihood Majors in Mindanao University of Science and Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia Q. Putis
Keyword(s):  
Job Search ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Keywords Education ◽  
First Job

Higher education is more than just a simple production line for job-ready graduates as it is the role of HEIs to provide relevant technical and vocational trainings on top of a well-planned curriculum, solid teaching force, and sustainable instructional infrastructures. Pursuant to RA 7722, this graduate tracer study of BSEd-TLE alumni from SY 2008-2009 to SY 2011-2012 measures job search time and self-perceptions of curriculum impact on self-esteem, financial assistance extended, and financial capability. This descriptive research (n=41) examined these variables as influenced by personal and educational profile. Waiting time for the first job with a mean of 6.44 months (between one to 18 months) is seem to be unaffected by both personal and educational profile. On average, the respondents expressed optimism on the effect the TLE curriculum on their self-esteem. Evidence suggests very high ratings in competence, confidence, commitment, compassion, faith, hope, honesty, diligence, hard work, punctuality, self-discipline, and zeal for service. Inferential statistics shows only grade point average had a significant influence on self-perceptions of self-esteem effects. Furthermore, TLE majors explained they are moderately able to support basic, educational, and shelter needs. The results warrant further analysis and follow-up so necessary revisions to the curriculum may be in order. Keywords – Education, job search time, self-perceptions, curriculum impact, descriptive design, Mindanao University of Science and Technology, Philippines

scholarly journals The role of self-evaluation in predicting attitudes toward supporters of COVID-19-related conspiracy theories: A direct and a conceptual replication of Cichoka et al. (2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 183449092110525
Author(s):  
Birte Siem ◽  
Benedikt Kretzmeyer, ◽  
Stefan Stürmer
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Total N ◽  
Specific Criterion ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
Different Sources

We examined the role of people’s self-evaluation in predicting their attitudes toward supporters of COVID-19-related conspiracy theories by replicating and extending the findings of a study by Cichocka et al. (2016, Study 3) in two preregistered studies (total N = 1179). Study 1, a direct replication, confirmed that narcissism and self-esteem—two different sources of people’s self-evaluation—differentially predicted their beliefs in a series of well-known conspiracy theories (not related to COVID-19), and served as mutual suppressor variables. Specifically, narcissism was positively related and self-esteem was negatively related to conspiracy beliefs, especially when the respective other predictor was controlled for. Study 2 extended Cichocka’s and our Study 1’s findings by testing the differential role of self-esteem and narcissism in predicting a COVID-19-specific criterion. Specifically, we focused on people’s rejection of supporters of COVID-19 conspiracy theories, a criterion we deem particularly important in curtailing the spread of these theories. Results were generally in line with previous findings, but effects were substantially weaker. As suggested by exploratory analyses, this might be due to the fact that the overall rejection of supporters measure comprises not only items capturing rejection of supporters but also items capturing low beliefs in conspiracy theories. These two distinct components differentially related to self-esteem and narcissism: the differential role of self-esteem and narcissism could only be replicated for the “low belief” subcomponent (thus replicating findings from the original study and from Study 1) but not for the “rejection of supporters” subcomponent. The present work thus contributes to recent research suggesting that low belief in conspiracy theories and the rejection of their supporters might be qualitatively different responses with unique antecedents.

Self-esteem and transformational leadership

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 815-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Matzler ◽  
Florian Andreas Bauer ◽  
Todd A. Mooradian
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Leadership Behavior ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Evaluation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether transformational leadership behavior is a function of the leader’s own self-respect and his/her evaluation of being capable, significant, and worthy (self-esteem). It is also tested whether transformational leadership is related to innovation success. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 411 entrepreneurs and managing directors of small- and medium-sized Austrian companies. The proposed hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (PLS). Findings – A strong and significant relationship between self-esteem and transformational leadership was found. Furthermore, data analyses revealed that transformational leadership has a positive impact on innovation success. Originality/value – This study reveals the important but heretofore neglected role of self-esteem, defined as a manager’s overall self-evaluation of his/her competences, as an important predictor of transformational leadership.

Agency versus Communion as Predictors of Self-esteem: Searching for the Role of Culture and Self-construal

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Wojciszke ◽  
Olga Bialobrzeska
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Collectivistic Cultures

AbstractTwo hypotheses concerning the relative importance of agentic versus communal traits as predictors of selfesteem were tested. The perspective hypothesis assumed that self-esteem is dominated by agency over communion because self-perceptions are formed from the agent (versus recipient) perspective. The culture hypothesis assumed that self-esteem is dominated by communal concerns in collectivistic cultures and by agentic concerns in individualistic cultures (echoed by individual differences in self-construal). Study 1 involving three samples from collectivistic countries and three from individualistic ones found that self-esteem was better predicted from self-ratings of agentic than communal traits, with the exception of collectivistic women for whom the two predictors were equal. Study 2 primed the interdependent or independent self and found self-ratings of agency to be better predictors of self-esteem than self-ratings of communion, with the exception of interdependence priming,where the two predictors were equal in strength.

scholarly journals La imagen de la persona en los medios y su influencia en la autoestima: la importancia de la apariencia en la evaluación general de la persona / Self Image in Media and its Influence on Self esteem: The relevance of Appearance in Total self Evaluation

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Llovet ◽  
Mónica Díaz-Bustamante Ventisca
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Media Responsibility

ABSTRACTThe analysis about communication of Fashion and Beauty shows the creation of a uniform, manipulated and exclusively physical vision of self. The goal of this paper is to assess the negative influence of this kind of self image on self esteem. Firstly, literature review is done about two concepts: “self concept” and “self esteem”. Secondly, it has been done a desk study related to main economic indicators linked to Fashion and Beauty’s industries. Thirdly, research methodology was applied using descriptive exploratory qualitative and quantitative methods (content analysis, focus group, personal interviews, surveys) among different target (8-37 years old average) affected by the communications of these industries. It is showed a low self esteem related to physical appearance. A growing exposure to images based on unreal bodies makes frustrated and unhappy people. Although people in general are aware of this problem, they find difficult to fight against it. It is necessary to appeal to brands and media responsibility. Moreover, the role of education authorities, families and society is a key to develop a more human approach not only based on physical appearance.RESUMENEl análisis sobre la comunicación de los sectores de la moda y la belleza muestra la creación de una visión uniforme, manipulada y exclusivamente física de la persona. El propósito de este artículo es evaluar la influencia negativa de este tipo de imagen de la persona en su autoestima. En primer lugar, realizamos la revisión bibliográfica de los términos "autoestima" y "auto concepto". En segundo lugar, se llevó a cabo un estudio de gabinete relativo a los principales indica-dores económicos vinculados con los sectores de la moda y la belleza. Y en tercer lugar, se usaron métodos de investigación exploratorios usando herramientas cualitativas y cuantitativas (análisis de contenido, entrevistas personales y encuestas) en diferentes target (ciudadanos entre 8 y 45 años) afectados por la comunicación de estos sectores. Se ha demostrado una baja autoestima relacionada con el aspecto físico. Una creciente exposición a las imágenes solo centradas en cuerpos irreales hace personas frustradas e infelices. Aunque la gente en general es consciente de este problema, encuentra difícil combatirlo.

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