scholarly journals Match High-Speed Running Distances Are Often Suppressed After Return From Hamstring Strain Injury in Professional Footballers

2020 ◽  
pp. 194173812096445
Author(s):  
Rodney Whiteley ◽  
Andrew Massey ◽  
Tim Gabbett ◽  
Peter Blanch ◽  
Matthew Cameron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Hamstring Strain

Background: High-speed running is commonly implicated in the genesis of hamstring injury. The success of hamstring injury management is typically quantified by the duration of time loss or reinjury rate. These metrics do not consider any loss in performance after returning to play from hamstring injury. It is not known to what extent high-speed running is altered on return to play after such injury. Hypothesis: Match high-speed running distance will change after returning from hamstring injury. Study Design: Non-randomized cohort. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Match high-speed running distance in highest level professional football (soccer, Rugby League, Rugby Union, and Australian Rules) were examined for a minimum of 5 games prior and subsequent to hamstring strain injury for individual differences using a linear regression models approach. A total of 22 injuries in 15 players were available for analysis. Results: Preinjury cumulative high-speed running distances were strongly correlated for each individual ( r2 = 0.92-1.0; P < 0.0001). Pre- and postinjury high-speed running data were available for a median of 15 matches (range, 6-15). Variance from the preinjury high-speed running distance was significantly less ( P = 0.0005) than the post injury values suggesting a suppression of high-speed running distance after returning from injury. On return to play, 7 of the 15 players showed a sustained absolute reduction in preinjury high-speed running distance, 7 showed no change, and 1 player (only) showed an increase. Analysis of subsequent (second and third injury) return to play showed no differences to return from the index injury. Conclusion: Return to play was not associated with return to high-speed running performance for nearly half of the players examined, although the same number showed no difference. Persisting deficits in match high-speed running may exist for many players after hamstring strain injury. Clinical Relevance: Returning to play does not mean returning to (high-speed running) performance for nearly half of the high-level professional football players examined in this study. This suggests that successful return to play metrics should be expanded from simple time taken and recurrence to include performance.

scholarly journals Return-to-Play Practices Following Hamstring Injury: A Worldwide Survey of 131 Premier League Football Teams

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Dunlop ◽  
Clare L. Ardern ◽  
Thor Einar Andersen ◽  
Colin Lewin ◽  
Gregory Dupont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Premier League ◽  
Key Stakeholders

Abstract Purpose Return-to-play (RTP) is an on-going challenge in professional football. Return-to-play related research is increasing. However, it is unknown to what extent the recommendations presented within research are being implemented by professional football teams, and where there are gaps between research and practice. The purposes of this study were (1) to determine if premier-league football teams worldwide follow a RTP continuum, (2) to identify RTP criteria used and (3) to understand how RTP decision-making occurs in applied practice. Methods We sent a structured online survey to practitioners responsible for the RTP programme in 310 professional teams from 34 premier-leagues worldwide. The survey comprised four sections, based on hamstring muscle injury: (1) criteria used throughout RTP phases, (2) the frequency with which progression criteria were achieved, (3) RTP decision-making process and (4) challenges to decision-making. Results One-hundred and thirty-one teams responded with a completed survey (42%). One-hundred and twenty-four teams (95%) used a continuum to guide RTP, assessing a combination of clinical, functional and psychological criteria to inform decisions to progress. One-hundred and five (80%) teams reported using a shared decision-making approach considering the input of multiple stakeholders. Team hierarchy, match- and player-related factors were common challenges perceived to influence decision-making. Conclusions General research recommendations for RTP and the beliefs and practices of practitioners appear to match with, the majority of teams assessing functional, clinical and psychological criteria throughout a RTP continuum to inform decision-making which is also shared among key stakeholders. However, specific criteria, metrics and thresholds used, and the specific involvement, dynamics and interactions of staff during decision-making are not clear.

scholarly journals Injuries in Cricket

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinshaw N. Pardiwala ◽  
Nandan N. Rao ◽  
Ankit V. Varshney
Keyword(s):  
Return To Play ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Hamstring Strain ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Acute Injuries ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Game Format

Context: Cricket is a popular global sport that requires a combination of physical fitness, skill, and strategy. Although a noncontact sport, overuse and impact injuries are common since players engage in a wide range of physical activities, including running, throwing, batting, bowling, catching, and diving. Significant or match time-loss injuries are defined as those that either prevent a player from being fully available for selection in a major match, or during a major match, cause a player to be unable to bat, bowl, or keep wicket when required by either the rules or the team’s captain. This review describes the various region-wise injuries sustained in cricket along with their epidemiology, biomechanics, treatment, and prevention. Evidence Acquisition: Data were collected from peer-reviewed articles (obtained via PubMed search) published through November 2016 that involved the medical, biomechanical, and epidemiological aspects of cricket injuries. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: Cricket was one of the first sports to publish recommended methods for injury surveillance in 2005 from England, South Africa, Australia, the West Indies, and India. While the incidence of injuries is about the same, the prevalence of injuries has increased due to game format changes, increasing number of matches played, and decreased rest between matches. Bowling (41.3%), fielding, and wicket keeping (28.6%) account for most injuries. Acute injuries are most common (64%-76%), followed by acute-on-chronic (16%-22.8%) and chronic ones (8%-22%). The most common modern-day cricket injury is hamstring strain, and the most severe is lumbar stress fracture in young fast bowlers. Conclusion: With improved understanding of the scientific and medical aspects of cricket, along with advances in surgical and nonsurgical treatment techniques, the time to return to play has shortened considerably. While the prevalence of cricket injuries has increased, their severity has decreased over the past decades.

Eccentric Exercises Reduce Hamstring Strains in Elite Adult Male Soccer Players: A Critically Appraised Topic

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian B. Shadle ◽  
Paul A. Cacolice
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Clinical Scenario ◽  
Clinical Question ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Hamstring Strain

Clinical Scenario:Hamstring strains are a common sport-related injury, which may limit athletic performance for an extended period of time. These injuries are common in the soccer setting. As such, it is important to determine an appropriate prevention program to minimize the risk of such an injury for these athletes. Eccentric hamstring training may be an effective and practical hamstring strain prevention strategy.Clinical Question:What is the effect of eccentric exercises on hamstring strain prevention in adult male soccer players?Summary of Key Findings:Current literature was searched for studies of level 2 evidence or higher that investigated the effect of eccentric exercises in preventing hamstring strains in adult male soccer players. Three articles returned from the literature search met the inclusion criteria. A fourth article looked at differences in strength gains between eccentric and concentric hamstring strengthening exercises, but did not record hamstring strain incidence. A fifth article, a systematic review, met all the criteria except for the correct population. Of the 3 studies, 2 were randomized control trails and 1 was a cohort study.Clinical Bottom Line:There is robust supportive evidence that eccentric hamstring exercises can prevent a hamstring injury to an elite adult male soccer player. Therefore, it is recommended that athletic trainers and other sports medicine providers evaluate current practices relating to reducing hamstring strains and consider implementing eccentric exercise based prevention programs.Strength of Recommendation:All evidence was attained from articles with a level of evidence 2b or higher, based on the Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) criteria, stating that eccentric exercises can decrease hamstring strains.

scholarly journals Improvements in Match-Related Physical Performance of Professional Soccer Players After the Application of an on-Field Training Program for Hamstring Injury Rehabilitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1145-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Jiménez-Rubio ◽  
Archit Navandar ◽  
Jesús Rivilla-García ◽  
Víctor Paredes-Hernández ◽  
Miguel-Ángel Gómez-Ruano
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Field Training ◽  
Hamstring Strain ◽  
Professional Soccer

Context: Although there are multiple, validated return-to-play programs following hamstring strain injuries, no studies have evaluated their changes in match performance parameters. Objectives: The aim of this study was twofold as follows: (1) to determine the changes in match-based physical performance parameters in professional soccer players before and after sustaining a hamstring strain injury and undergoing a soccer-specific rehabilitation program and (2) to observe the progress of these performance parameters 6 to 10 weeks after the player returned from injury. Design: Prospective, quasi-experimental longitudinal study. Setting: Soccer playing and training grounds. Participants: Nineteen players suffering a hamstring strain injury from 2 male professional teams playing in the Spanish professional football league (La Liga) were followed during the 2015–2016, 2016–2017, and 2017–2018 seasons. Intervention: Participation in on-field training program following a hamstring injury. Main Outcome Measures: Match global positioning system data were collected in the following stages: prior to injury (PRE), after return to play (RTP), program, and 6 to 10 weeks following RTP (C2). Peak velocities and distances ran at sprint velocities showed most likely improvements in C2 versus PRE, and very likely improvements in RTP versus PRE. Results: The distances ran at high and very high intensities, the average velocity, and work-to-rest ratio showed very likely improvements in C2 versus RTP and likely improvements in RTP versus PRE. Likely improvements were observed for all variables in C2 versus RTP. The authors’ results showed an improvement of physical performance during competitive match after RTP, compared with PRE. There was a steady progression in the progress, and in 8 months following RTP, there was no injury reported in the players. Conclusions: The current findings may indicate that the hamstring muscle complex not only recovered completely from the injury but could also withstand a greater training and match load reducing the risk of reinjury.

scholarly journals Validity of an On-Field Readaptation Program Following a Hamstring Injury in Professional Soccer

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Jiménez-Rubio ◽  
Archit Navandar ◽  
Jesús Rivilla-García ◽  
Victor Paredes-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Hamstring Strain ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Hamstring Injuries

Context: Despite the presence of various injury prevention programs, the rate of hamstring injuries and reinjuries is increasing in soccer, warranting the need for a soccer-specific rehabilitation program. Objective: To develop and validate a new, functional on-field program for the rehabilitation and readaptation of soccer players after a hamstring strain injury through a panel of experts; and determine the usefulness of the program through its application in professional soccer players. Design: A 13-item program was developed, which was validated by a panel of experts and later applied to professional soccer players. Setting: Soccer training ground. Participants: Fifteen strength and conditioning and rehabilitation fitness coaches with a professional experience of 15.40 (1.57) years in elite clubs and national teams in Europe validated the program. The program was later applied to 19 professional soccer players of the Spanish First Division (La Liga). Interventions: Once a player sustained a clinically diagnosed injury, the player would first be subject to mobilization and strengthening exercises in the gym after undergoing treatment by percutaneous needle electrolysis. The player would then complete an on-field readaptation program consisting of 13 drills arranged in a progressive manner in terms of complexity. The drills integrated various aspects of repeated sprint abilities, retraining and reeducation of biomechanical patterns, and neuromuscular control of the core and lower limbs. Main Outcome Measures: Aiken’s V for each item of the program and number of days taken by the players to return to play. Results: The experts evaluated all items of the program very highly, as seen from Aiken’s V values between 0.78 and 0.98 (0.63–0.99) for all drills, while the return to play was in 22.42 (2.32) days. Conclusion: This program has the potential to help a player suffering from a hamstring strain injury to adapt to real-match conditions in the readaptation phase through the application of sports-specific drills that were very similar to the different injury mechanisms.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Outcomes of Achilles Tendon Ruptures in the National Football League

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011417S0003
Author(s):  
Selene Parekh ◽  
Jay Shah
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Tendon Rupture ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Tendon Ruptures ◽  
Player Performance

Category: Ankle, Sports Introduction/Purpose: While much less common than ankle sprains and other sports injuries, Achilles tendon ruptures have represented unexpected and potentially career-altering injuries for professional football athletes in the National Football League (NFL). Over the past decade, the technique for surgical repair of the ruptured Achilles tendon has evolved. Mini-open and percutaneous techniques have become more common, allowing for the minimization of wound complications and expediting the rehabilitation of athletes. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to update the epidemiology of Achilles tendon ruptures in the NFL, and to analyze how recovery and post-injury performance of professional football players with this injury have progressed in the last two decades. Methods: Several online sources including NFL news and injury reports, player registries, and player statistic databases were cross-referenced to conduct a retrospective identification of all NFL players sustaining complete Achilles tendon ruptures during the 2010-2015 NFL seasons. Yearly player performance statistics were also obtained and recorded for both offensive and defensive players. A power rating formula and “approximate value” algorithm, commonly used to evaluate player production, were borrowed to calculate yearly Offensive and Defensive performance metrics for each injured player. These calculated measurements were used to quantify both offensive and defensive player performance up to 3 seasons before and after their respective Achilles tendon rupture injuries, allowing for each player to serve as his own control. Results: 78 Achilles tendon ruptures were identified in professional football players during the 2010-2015 NFL seasons. 58% of these injuries occurred during the preseason. Of those that suffered an Achilles tendon rupture, 26% did not ever return to play in the NFL. Players who did return to play in the NFL took an average of 9 months to recover after the date of injury. Across all positions, there was a net decrease in power ratings by 22% and a net decrease in approximate value by 23% over 3 years following player return after Achilles tendon rupture. Across all positions, running backs saw the biggest decrease in production with a 78% decrease over 3 years post-injury in both power ratings and approximate value. Conclusion: While the incidence of Achilles tendon ruptures in NFL players, especially in the preseason, has increased substantially, more players are returning to play after injury and with better post-injury performance as compared to the previous two decades. These injuries should still be considered potentially career-altering as 26% of players never return to play after Achilles tendon ruptures and there is still a net decrease in power-ratings by 22% for those who do return. However, these numbers optimistically suggest that advancements in treatment protocol and rehabilitation are resulting in faster recovery and improved performance after Achilles tendon ruptures in NFL players.

scholarly journals At return to play following hamstring injury the majority of professional football players have residual isokinetic deficits

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (18) ◽  
pp. 1364-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes L Tol ◽  
Bruce Hamilton ◽  
Cristiano Eirale ◽  
Patrice Muxart ◽  
Philipp Jacobsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Return To Play ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football

scholarly journals Platelet-Rich Plasma Shortens Return to Play in National Football League Players With Acute Hamstring Injuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 232596712091173 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Bradley ◽  
Tracye J. Lawyer ◽  
Sonia Ruef ◽  
Jeffrey D. Towers ◽  
Justin W. Arner
Keyword(s):  
National Football League ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Nonoperative Treatment ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Hamstring Injuries ◽  
Recurrent Injury ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Hamstring injuries are prevalent in professional athletes and can lead to significant time loss, with recurrent injury being common. The efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for augmentation of nonoperative treatment of partial musculotendinous hamstring injuries is not well established. Hypothesis: The addition of PRP injections to nonoperative treatment for acute partial musculotendinous hamstring injuries will lead to a shortened return to play in National Football League (NFL) players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: NFL players from a single team who sustained acute grade 2 hamstring injuries, as diagnosed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by a musculoskeletal radiologist from 2009 to 2018, were retrospectively reviewed. Average days, practices, and games missed were recorded. Players who did and did not receive PRP (leukocyte-poor) injections were compared. Those who received PRP did so within 24 to 48 hours after injury. Results: A total of 108 NFL players had MRI evidence of a hamstring injury, and of those, 69 athletes sustained grade 2 injuries. Thirty players received augmented treatment with PRP injections and 39 players underwent nonoperative treatment alone. Average time missed in those treated with PRP injections was 22.5 days, 18.2 practices, and 1.3 games. In those who did not receive PRP injections, time missed was 25.7 days ( P = .81), 22.8 practices ( P = .68), and 2.9 games ( P < .05). Conclusion: Augmentation with PRP injections for acute grade 2 hamstring injuries in NFL players showed no significant difference in days missed or time to return to practice but did allow for faster return to play, with a 1 game overall difference. Owing to the possible large financial impact of returning to play 1 game sooner, PRP injections for treatment of grade 2 hamstring injuries may be advantageous in professional athletes.

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