Enhancement of Virchow-Robin Spaces

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-779
Author(s):  
I. Tsitouridis ◽  
S. Papaioannou ◽  
M. Arvaniti ◽  
K. Tsitouridis ◽  
G. Rodokalakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Pulse Sequences ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Contrast Administration ◽  
Intravenous Contrast ◽  
Signal Suppression ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
The Brain

Virchow-Robin spaces are enclosed spaces filled with interstitial fluid and covered with pia that accompany arteries, arterioles, veins and venules as they perforate the brain. They are round, linear or punctuate areas depending on the image that parallel cerebrospinal fluid attenuation or signal intensity. They are classically described as isointense to cerebrospinal fluid on images obtained with all pulse sequences. They appear hypointense relative to brain on T1-weighted MR scans and present a high signal intensity on T2-weighted MR scans. They also show complete signal suppression on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) scans and no enhancement after intravenous contrast administration. However, many pathologic states result in abnormal dilation with an increased number of Virchow-Robin spaces visible on MRI imaging and many pathological conditions cause the spaces to enhance. The purpose of this study is to present the major causes of Virchow-Robin enhancement.

Experimental intracerebral and subarachnoid/intraventricular haemorrhages: MR detectability at 0.5 T and 1.5 T

2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 464-473
Author(s):  
M. Alemany Ripoll ◽  
R. Raininko
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Autologous Blood ◽  
Pulse Sequences ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Gradient Echo ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Purpose: To compare the detectability of small experimental intracranial haemorrhages on MR imaging at 0.5 T and 1.5 T, from hyperacute to subacute stages. Material and Methods: 1 ml of autologous blood was injected into the brain of 15 rabbits to create intraparenchymal haematomas. Since the blood partially escaped into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces, detectability of subarachnoid and intraventricular blood was also evaluated. MR imaging at 0.5 T and at 1.5 T was repeated up to 14 days, including T1-, proton density- and T2-weighted (w) spin-echo (SE), FLAIR and T2*-w gradient echo (GE) pulse sequences. The last MR investigation was compared to the formalin-fixed brain sections in 7 animals. Results: The intraparenchymal haematomas were best revealed with T2*-w GE sequences, with 100% of sensitivity at 1.5 T and 90–95% at 0.5 T. Blood in the CSF spaces was significantly ( p < 0.05) better detected at 1.5 T with T2*-w GE sequences and detected best during the first 2 days. The next most sensitive sequence for intracranial blood was FLAIR. SE sequences were rather insensitive. Conclusion: 1.5 T equipment is superior to 0.5 T in the detection of intracranial haemorrhages from acute to subacute stages. T2*-w GE sequences account for this result but other sequences are also needed for a complete examination.

Mr Imaging of Acute Renal Cortical Necrosis

1992 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Kim ◽  
M. C. Han ◽  
S. Kim ◽  
J. S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Pulse Sequences ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Massive Bleeding ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Cortical Necrosis ◽  
Renal Cortical Necrosis

MR imaging of a patient with acute renal cortical necrosis secondary to massive bleeding following an abortion is presented. The kidneys were enlarged with a high signal intensity observed in the renal cortex on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Follow-up MR imaging showed thinned renal cortex of low signal intensity on both pulse sequences representing renal cortical calcification which was confirmed on conventional radiography and CT.

Neurofibromatosis type 1: pathologic substrate of high-signal-intensity foci in the brain.

Radiology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
D P DiPaolo ◽  
R A Zimmerman ◽  
L B Rorke ◽  
E H Zackai ◽  
L T Bilaniuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
High Signal Intensity ◽  
High Signal ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals MRI Study of the Brain in Aged Volunteers: T2 High Signal Intensity Lesions and High Cortical Function.

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 892-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroo Kasahara ◽  
Munehiko Tanno ◽  
Hideo Yamada ◽  
Kazuo Endoh ◽  
Mitsuru Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Intensity ◽  
High Signal Intensity ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Cortical Function ◽  
High Cortical Function ◽  
Mri Study ◽  
The Brain

“Chess-Board Pattern” Spatial Modulation of Magnetization

1992 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Pulse Sequences ◽  
High Signal Intensity ◽  
Spatial Modulation ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Power Deposition ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Complex Combination ◽  
Heart Motion ◽  
Heart Wall

Heart motion is a complex combination of translation, rotation, and concentric contraction. Evaluation of these complex motions has been difficult using conventional slice-selective methods. Non-Invasive tagging of the heart has been obtained by the use of slice-selective radiofrequency pulses. Through spatial modulation of the magnetization the entire image can be labeled in different patterns. Two new pulse sequences are presented, giving a chess-board like spatial modulation. These pulse sequences have several advantages compared with the previously published methods, as the modulation time is half that required to obtain a 2-dimensional grid, the area in the image with high signal intensity was significantly larger, and the radiofrequency power deposition was substantially decreased. By labeling the heart at diastole the chess-board pattern tagging of the heart wall could be followed through systole. Using this method the complex motions of the heart can be mapped.

scholarly journals Holoprosencephaly or severe hydrocephalus: T1 sequence tells the story

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e228648
Author(s):  
Fariba Zarei ◽  
Pooya Iranpour ◽  
Sara Haseli
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Incidental Findings ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
High Signal Intensity ◽  
Septum Pellucidum ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Intracranial Lipoma ◽  
Severe Hydrocephalus

Intracranial lipoma is a relatively rare benign lesion. Many are incidental findings; however, some others may present with headache, hydrocephalus or other neurological symptoms; thus, correct diagnosis of this condition is important. These lesions are of high signal intensity on T2-weighted MRI and especially those close to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces, can easily be overlooked in the background of high signal intensity of CSF. Here, we present a case of tectal lipoma, with subsequent severe hydrocephalus and absence of septum pellucidum which was initially misinterpreted as a form of holoprosencephaly, due to inadequate attention to T1-weighted images.

Use of Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) Pulse Sequences in MRI of the Brain

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 841-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph V. Hajnal ◽  
David J. Bryant ◽  
Larry Kasuboski ◽  
Pradip M. Pattany ◽  
Beatrice De Coene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Sequences ◽  
Inversion Recovery ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
The Brain
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