scholarly journals A review of neuroradiological abnormalities in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
pp. 197140092110291
Author(s):  
Bahar Bahranifard ◽  
Somayeh Mehdizadeh ◽  
Ali Hamidi ◽  
Alireza Khosravi ◽  
Ramin Emami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Spinal Root ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Demyelinating Disorders ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Sinus Venous Thrombosis

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to various neurological manifestations. There is an urgent need for a summary of neuroimaging findings to accelerate diagnosis and treatment plans. We reviewed prospective and retrospective studies to classify neurological abnormalities observed in patients with the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods The relevant studies published in Scopus, PubMed and Clarivate Analytics databases were analysed. The search was performed for full-text articles published from 23 January 2020 to 23 February 2021. Results In 23 studies the number of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 20,850 and the number of patients with neurological manifestations was 1996 (9.5%). The total number of patients with neuroradiological abnormalities was 602 (2.8%). SARS-CoV-2 has led to various neuroimaging abnormalities which can be categorised by neuroanatomical localisation of lesions and their main probable underlying pathogenesis. Cranial nerve and spinal root abnormalities were cranial neuritis and polyradiculitis. Parenchymal abnormalities fell into four groups of: (a) thrombosis disorders, namely ischaemic stroke and sinus venous thrombosis; (b) endothelial dysfunction and damage disorders manifested as various types of intracranial haemorrhage and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; (c) hypoxia/hypoperfusion disorders of leukoencephalopathy and watershed infarction; and (d) inflammatory disorders encompassing demyelinating disorders, encephalitis, vasculitis-like disorders, vasculopathy and cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum. Leptomeninges disorders included meningitis. Ischaemic stroke was the most frequent abnormality in these studies. Conclusion The review study suggests that an anatomical approach to the classification of heterogeneous neuroimaging findings in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and neurological manifestations would lend itself well for use by practitioners in diagnosis and treatment planning.

A Comprehensive Review on Classification of Oral Ulcerative Lesions

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hina Handa
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Skills ◽  
Oral Mucosal Lesions ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Common Group ◽  
Ulcerative Lesions

Oral mucosal lesions are a broad group of lesions which are located in the soft tissues of the oral cavity identified by its specific etiology, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis and treatment. White lesions of the oral cavity constitute a rather common group of lesions that are encountered during routine clinical dental practice. The process of clinical diagnosis and treatment planning is of great concern to the patient as it determines the prognosis. There should be in-depth knowledge to the consultant about the varied clinical features, etiology of the disease and various treatment plans. Clinical diagnostic skills and ideal judgment forms the key to successful management of white lesions of the oral cavity This review will discuss many of the most common intraoral white lesions including their clinical presentation, how to make an accurate diagnosis

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on Classification of Oral Ulcerative Lesions

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hina Handa
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Oral Lesion ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Skills ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Common Group ◽  
Ulcerative Lesions

A brief overview of the superficial oral lesion Oral mucosal lesions are a broad group of lesions which are located in the soft tissues of the oral cavity identified by its specific etiology, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis and treatment. White lesions of the oral cavity constitute a rather common group of lesions that are encountered during routine clinical dental practice. The process of clinical diagnosis and treatment planning is of great concern to the patient as it determines the prognosis. There should be in-depth knowledge to the consultant about the varied clinical features, etiology of the disease and various treatment plans. Clinical diagnostic skills and ideal judgment forms the key to successful management of white lesions of the oral cavity This review will discuss many of the most common intraoral white lesions including their clinical presentation, how to make an accurate diagnosis

Inflammatory disease of the womans reproductive system: modern trends in diagnosis and therapy (literature review)

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
T Yu Pestrikova ◽  
I V Yurasov ◽  
E A Yurasova
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Pelvic Organs ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches

Medical, social and economic relevance of inflammatory diseases of the woman's reproductive organs requires a very careful attitude to the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. The number of patients with genital infections and inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs can takes the first place in structure of gynecological morbidity, and is 60.4-65.0%, and this fact is not unique to Russia, but all over the world. Incidence rate of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs in the first decade of the twenty-first century is increased at 1.4 times in patients who are from 18 to 24 years old and at 1.8 times in patients aged 25-29 years. At the same time, the cost of diagnosis and treatment has increased, reaching 50-60% of the total cost of providing gynecological care for population. The inflammatory diseases of pelvic organs are a collective concept. It includes of various nosological forms. There are numerous contradictions in the views on diagnostic approaches and treatment tactics, the nature of screening and control over the long-term results of treatment, the etiological and pathogenetic significance of various microorganisms found in the genital tract in patients with inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. Currently, there are many opinions among specialists about diagnostic approaches and treatment tactics, the type of screening and monitoring the long-term results of treatment, the etiological and pathogenetic role of various microorganisms which can be found in the genital tract in patients with inflammatory diseases. This review presents the results of a modern approach to the diagnosis, management and rehabilitation of patients with inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs.

scholarly journals The Application of Dynamic Uncertain Causality Graph Based Diagnosis and Treatment Unification Model in the Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatitis B

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1185
Author(s):  
Nan Deng ◽  
Qin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Response Probability ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Treatment Model ◽  
Treatment Scheme ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Dynamic Uncertain Causality Graph

Although hepatitis B is widespread, it is hard to cure. This paper presents a new and more accurate model for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B. Based on previous research, the diagnosis and treatment modes were combined into one. By adding more influencing factors and risk factors, the overall diagnosis and treatment model will be further expanded, and a richer and more detailed overall diagnosis and treatment model will be constructed. Reverse logic gates are used in the model to improve the accuracy of the treatment planning. The new unified model is more accurate in subdividing diagnosis results, and it is more flexible and accurate in providing dynamic treatment plans. The prediction process and the static diagnosis process of the model are symmetric, and the related sub-graph is symmetric in structure. In addition, an algorithm for predicting the response probability of treatment scheme is developed, so as to predict the subsequent treatment effects of the current treatment scheme, such as the probability of drug resistance. The results show that this method is more accurate than other available systems, and it has encouraging diagnostic accuracy and effectiveness, which provides a promising help for doctors in diagnosing hepatitis B.

scholarly journals Aromatic L-amino Acid Decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency: results from an Italian modified Delphi consensus

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Fusco ◽  
◽  
Vincenzo Leuzzi ◽  
Pasquale Striano ◽  
Roberta Battini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Steering Committee ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Delphi Consensus ◽  
Amino Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract Background Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare and underdiagnosed neurometabolic disorder resulting in a complex neurological and non-neurological phenotype, posing diagnostic challenges resulting in diagnostic delay. Due to the low number of patients, gathering high-quality scientific evidence on diagnosis and treatment is difficult. Additionally, based on the estimated prevalence, the number of undiagnosed patients is likely to be high. Methods Italian experts in AADC deficiency formed a steering committee to engage clinicians in a modified Delphi consensus to promote discussion, and support research, dissemination and awareness on this disorder. Five experts in the field elaborated six main topics, each subdivided into 4 statements and invited 13 clinicians to give their anonymous feedback. Results 100% of the statements were answered and a consensus was reached at the first round. This enabled the steering committee to acknowledge high rates of agreement between experts on clinical presentation, phenotypes, diagnostic work-up and treatment strategies. A research gap was identified in the lack of standardized cognitive and motor outcome data. The need for setting up an Italian working group and a patients’ association, together with the dissemination of knowledge inside and outside scientific societies in multiple medical disciplines were recognized as critical lines of intervention. Conclusions The panel expressed consensus with high rates of agreement on a series of statements paving the way to disseminate clear messages concerning disease presentation, diagnosis and treatment and strategic interventions to disseminate knowledge at different levels. Future lines of research were also identified.

scholarly journals EXPERIENCE WITH USING RAPID MOLECULAR TESTING IN DIAGNOSING PULMONARY AND EXTRA-PULMONARY PEDIATRIC TUBERCULOSIS IN A NON-ENDEMIC SETTING - A RETROSPECTIVE CASE SERIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. e44-e45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Mijovic ◽  
Yossef Al-Nasser ◽  
Ghada Al-Rawahi ◽  
Ashley Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Pericardial Fluid ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Endemic Setting ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Small Patient Population ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

Abstract BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a rare but potentially devastating infection among Canadian children. Accurate diagnosis and initiation of treatment are limited in part by the fact that it takes 2–6 weeks for culture results to be confirmed. Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) is a rapid, automated molecular assay that has been validated for diagnosing pulmonary but not extra-pulmonary TB in children. OBJECTIVES This was a retrospective study of children investigated for active TB at our facility in order to: 1.Outline demographic characteristics and describe clinical presentations of children diagnosed with active TB. 2.Compare performance of molecular testing (Xpert) to stain and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture on pulmonary and extra-pulmonary specimens. DESIGN/METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of all paediatric patients investigated for active TB at our facility with stain, culture and molecular (Xpert) testing between January 2015 and August 2017. Due to a small number of patients, our data analysis was limited to narrative summary and descriptive statistics. RESULTS A total of 10 children were diagnosed with active TB, including 3 cases of pulmonary, 4 extra-pulmonary and 3 disseminated disease. Age range at diagnosis was 2 months to 16 years, with 3 children younger than 1 year. Most children contracted TB while travelling to and/or being exposed to an index case from endemic areas, including East Asia/Western Pacific (5), South Asia (2) and Africa (1). All children were HIV negative. Time from symptom onset to TB diagnosis and treatment ranged from approximately 4 days to 5 months. Multi-drug resistant TB was confirmed in 1 child. Sadly, 1 child passed away from TB related complications. AFB stain was positive on at least one specimen in 4/10 cases, cultures were positive in 8/10 and molecular testing (Xpert) in 7/10 cases. Time to positive cultures ranged from 10 to 35 days, with an average of 19 days. All cases positive on Xpert were also culture positive. Xpert test diagnosed TB in 5/6 of extra-pulmonary specimens submitted, including pericardial fluid, lymph node tissues and cerebrospinal fluid. CONCLUSION Many paediatric TB patients at our facility are children who have traveled to/have contacts from TB endemic regions, emphasizing the need for obtaining thorough exposure and travel history. Culture and molecular testing demonstrated similar TB detection rates, albeit based on a small patient population. While cultures remain the most reliable diagnostic method, molecular testing may facilitate rapid diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary paediatric TB in a non-endemic setting.

Leg Varices Originating from the Pelvis: Diagnosis and Treatment

Vascular ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milka Greiner ◽  
Geoffrey L. Gilling-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Repeat Surgery ◽  
Recurrent Reflux ◽  
Venous Circulation ◽  
Platinum Coils

This article reports the investigation and treatment of 24 women presenting with recurrent lower limb varicosities secondary to reflux within the pelvic venous circulation. Diagnosis based on selective retrograde pelvic phlebography enabled precise identification and classification of sites of incompetence. A total of 74 veins were treated by embolization with platinum coils and glue prior to repeat surgery to the lower limb veins. At 4-year follow-up, signs of stasis had disappeared in all patients. Repeat phlebography revealed no evidence of recurrent reflux at the sites of treatment. One patient developed recurrent varices due to incomplete embolization of incompetent pelvic veins. Endovascular occlusion of incompetent pelvic veins is an effective treatment for varicose veins secondary to pelvic venous incompetence.

Role of laparoscopic in diagnosis and treatment of undescended testis in children at Viet Duc Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viet Hoa Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Undescended Testis ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Time Of Operation

Abstract Introduction: Evaluating the role of laparoscopic for diagnosis and treatment of undescended testis in children. Material and Methods: Restrospective study, between 6/ 2014 and 6/2017. All the patients are aged from 1 to 16 years with undescended testis underwent laparoscopic surgery for diagnosis and treatment in Deparment of pediatric surgery – Viet Duc hospital enrolled. Results: Of 95 patiens in total had 106 undescended testis diagnosed and treated by laparoscopy. The mean age of patients was 7,5 ± 3,8 years. 44,2% undescended were on the left side, 44,2% were on the right and 11,6% were undescended bilateral. The correct diagnosis by ultrasound accounted in 79,4%. The locations of testis diagnosed by laparoscopic are : intra abdomen in 45,3%, deep inguinal orifice in 16,9%, extra inguinal orifice in 26,4%, no testicle found in 11,4%. The mean time of operation were 67,33± 28,01 pht. Scrotal positions were achieved 74,5%, remove atrophic testis accounted in 7,6%. Stephen- Flowler technique including step I were in 4,7%, step II in 1,9%. The outcome evaluated by testicular positions following 3 months after operation are : good in 79,2%, moderate 13,2%, poor in 7,6%; By classification of Aubert are : good in 81,1%, moderate in 11,3% and poor in 7,6 %. Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery is not only a highly sensitive diagnostic method to find accurately the location and size of the testes, but also the most effective method to treat impalpable undescended testes.

Chronic glomerulonephritis and pregnancy

2017 ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
O.V. Islamova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Chronic Pyelonephritis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis

The main data on general issues of epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis and classification of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) in Ukraine were described in the article. The main information on the peculiarities of this clinic disease in pregnant women, on the course and complications of pregnancy, features of fetal development in pregnant women suffering from chronic pyelonephritis were highlighted. Separately, the questions devoted to the optimal tactics of diagnosis and treatment of CGN in pregnant women with characteristics of medicines and their groups applicable in this category of patients are disclosed. The rules for management of pregnancy, delivery and postpartum period are described. Key words: сhronic glomerulonephritis, pregnancy, treatment.

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