scholarly journals A Critical Analysis of Colour–Shape Correspondences: Examining the Replicability of Colour–Shape Associations

i-Perception ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 204166951983404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemi Dreksler ◽  
Charles Spence
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Shape Matching ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Crossmodal Correspondences ◽  
Wassily Kandinsky ◽  
Shape Characteristics ◽  
Empirical Framework

Research on the topic of colour–shape correspondences started in the early 20th century with the Bauhaus artist Wassily Kandinsky. However, more recently, the topic has been examined using the empirical framework of crossmodal correspondences research. The field remains one in which consistent results and generalisable hypotheses about the existence and nature of colour–shape correspondences are lacking. The replicability and consistency of findings concerning colour–shape correspondences are examined in three online colour–shape matching experiments using the same procedure and study design while varying the sets of shape stimuli that are evaluated. Participants matched one of 36 colours to each shape as well as made preference and arousal appraisal ratings for each of the shapes and colours. The complexities of analysing colour–shape correspondence data are discussed and illustrated by classifying and analysing shape and colours in a variety of different ways, including using continuous perceptual and objective measures. Significant colour–shape associations were found. However, as hypothesised, limited consistent results in regard to what perceptual shape characteristics predicted colour choices were documented across the three stimuli sets. This was the case both within and across different analysis methods. The factors that may be responsible for these inconsistencies are critically discussed. Intriguingly, however, evidence for emotional mediation, whereby shape and colour liking and arousal appraisals appear to influence the colour–shape correspondences made by participants, was found across all three experiments.

The Material in Artistic Form: Bakhtin in Conjunction with Russian and Hungarian Theorists of the Early 20th Century

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Kornélia Horváth
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Formal Method ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Verbal Art ◽  
Valid Form

The aim of this paper is to summarize Bakhtin’s thoughts on the form of a work of art, based on his early study, entitled Content, Material and Form in Verbal Art, published only in 1975. Our „first step” in this study will be the critical analysis of Bakhtin’s evaluation of the Formal Method, in particular the considerations of the Russian Formalists on the form in art. The subsequent focus is on one of Bakhtin’s major statements connected with the problem of form and its consequences: “…aesthetic activity is directed toward a given material, it gives a form to that material alone: an aesthetically valid form is the form of a given material …”. (Art and Answerability, 262). Ultimately, it is curious that other Russian and European philosophers and thinkers, who are contemporaries of Bakhtin from the 1920s to the 1970s, such as Zhirmunsky, Tynianov, Mandelstam and Bergson, explicate artistic form in very similar fashion. We shall also point out some parallelisms with contemporaneous Hungarian thinkers, such as Attila József, Lajos Fülep and Sándor Sík.

scholarly journals ON THE DATE OF BIRTH OF PATRIARCH HADRIAN OF MOSCOW AND ALL RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
A. G. Avdeev
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Visual Study ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Made In

The Russian historiographic sources recognize three probable birth dates of Hadrian, the last Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia in 17th century, i.e.1627, 1637 and 1639. The fourth date, 1636, is not widely recognized. Two epitaphs to the Patriarch Hadrian, both written by Karion Istomin, a major court poet of that time, serve as the main source of information about the life of the head of the Russian Church. The first epitaph is prosaic, mounted on his tomb in the shrine of the heads of the Russian Church in the Assumption Cathedral in the Moscow Kremlin, and the second is poetic, preserved in the papers of the poet. . This paper establishes that the cause of chronological differences were errors in reading and interpreting the date of the Patriarch's death in the prosaic epitaph, which were made in historical studies of the 19th - early 20th century and without cross-checking with the gravestone inscription were reproduced in various publications. A visual study of the prosaic epitaph, conducted by the author in March 2014, indicates that Patriarch Hadrian died on October 2, 1700 at the age of 62 . The same date is written in the poetic epitaph. The “birthday” of Patriarch Hadrian (October 2), also raises doubts; most likely this date originated in the 19th century on the basis of the day of his baptism. The conducted research on the base of combination of archival sources and critical analysis of the writings of historians of the 19th - early 20th centuries established that Patriarch Hadrian was born in 1638.

Planification: Potential and role in XXI century market economy

2016 ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Buzgalin ◽  
A. Kolganov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Real Socialism ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Planning Institutions

The authors, basing on a critical analysis of the experience of planning during the 20th century in a number of countries of Europe and Asia, and also on the lessons from the economics of "real socialism", set out to substantiate their conclusions on the advisability of "reloading" this institution. The aim is to create planning mechanisms, suited to the new economy, that incorporate forecasting, projections, direct and indirect selective regulation and so forth into integral programs of economic development and that set a vector of development for particular limited spheres of what remains on the whole a market economy. New planning institutions presuppose a supersession of the forms of bureaucratic centralism and a reliance on network forms of organization of the subject and process of planning.

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