A Comprehensive Formalization of AADL with Behavior Annex

In safety-critical fields, architectural languages such as AADL (Architecture Analysis and Design Language) have been playing an important role, and the analysis of the languages and systems designed by them is a challenging research topic. At present, a formal method has become one of the main practices in software engineering for strict analysis, and it has been applied on the tools of formalization and analysis. The formal method can be used to find and resolve the problems early by describing the system with precise semantics and validating the system model. This article studies the comprehensive formal specification and verification of AADL with Behavior annex by the formal method. The presentation of this specification and semantics is the aim of this article, and the work is illustrated with an ARINC653 model case study in Isabelle/HOL.

AN ANALYSIS OF EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN JOKER MOVIE

This research was aimed to find out the types of expressive speech acts and the context of the expressive speech acts uttered by the main character in Joker movie. The design of the research was a descriptive qualitative research. The data source was Joker Movie directed by Todd Phillips The movie was released in 2019 and its duration was about 1 hour 55 minutes. The data of this research were utterances that included as expressive speech acts. The data were collected by watching, observing, and writing down the utterances indicated as expressive speech acts found in the movie. The data were analyzed by using formal and informal methods. The data were presented by using table (Formal method) and description (Informal method). The contexts of the utterances were analyzed by using SPEAKING model. The results of the analysis show that there are six classifications of expressive speech acts uttered by the main character in Joker Movie. The total number of expressive speech acts found in the movie was 27 utterances covering 7 utterances of greeting, 6 utterances of agreeing, 5 utterances of thanking, 4 utterances of apologizing, 3 utterances of wishing, and 2 utterances of exclamation. The researcher found out that the expressive speeech act of greeting is the most frequently used by the main character. It shows that the main character likes to express his salutation when he meets someone.

Noun Phrases in "Imaji Terindah" Novel By Sitta Karina: A Generative Transformation Analysis

This article is about noun phrases that basically consists of a noun. The data used in this article is taken from the novel "Imaji Terindah" by Sitta Karina with a generative transformation approach. The theory of generative transformation is a system of rules consisting of a limited set of rules but capable of generating or creating a limited number of sentences. There are three stages followed in this research method, namely the stage of providing data. In this step, the listening method is used. Then in analyzing the data analysis, the author uses the distributional method. And the last stage presenting the results of data analysis. At this stage the author uses a formal method. The characteristic of noun phrases in this novel is the noun as the main element. Noun phrases is functioned the subject, predicate, and object. Based on the characteristics of noun phrases in this novel, the elements of noun phrases are grouped into two types, namely primary elements and modifier elements. In the novel "The most beautiful image" by Sitta Karina, there are many sentences using the 'yang' relator.

Chronotope of Ukrainian folk art culture as a dialectical unity of traditional and innovative models of life in the space and time of the XXI century

The purpose of the article is the conceptualization and rethinking of the meaning of Ukrainian children's folklore as an integral part of the structure of Ukrainian folk art culture and carefully crafted magic rituals. Updating the concept «Ukrainian children's folklore» in the context of cultural knowledge, defining the essence of this phenomenon in the chronotope of the 21st century and evaluating temporal and spatial unity, which contributes to the preservation of the national cultural heritage, the dialogue of different cultures and human unity, is also the goal of the work. The delineation of the essence of this phenomenon in the chronotope of the XXI century and the assessment of temporal-spatial unity, which contributes to the preservation of the national cultural heritage and dialogue of different cultures, is also the goal and object of analysis. The methodology consists in applying comparative and concrete-historical methods for conceptualization of Ukrainian children's folklore in the context of national folk art culture, use of formal method, as well as hermeneutic interpretation method for analysis of the concept of «children's folklore» and its functions in today's chronotope. The scientific novelty lies in the actualization and conceptualization in the context of culturological knowledge of Ukrainian folklore, including children's (riddles), as a complex phenomenon and an integral part of the morphology and typology of national folk art culture in the chronotope of the XXI century. Scientific novelty also consists in revealing on the basis of delineation and comprehension of essence, dynamics of laws of development and an estimation of internal structure and space-time unity of functions of the Ukrainian national art culture, consideration of interaction of oral folk art of the childhood and dialogue of various cultures. Conclusions. In modern socio-cultural reality the question of understanding the chronotope of Ukrainian folk art culture as a dialectical unity of traditional and innovative models of life in space and time and conceptualization of Ukrainian children's folklore (riddles) in the context of culturological knowledge as an integral part of morphology and typology of national folk art culture. Ukrainian children's folklore in its diversity of forms, types, functions, purposes is an attractive phenomenon that requires further conceptualization and continuation of thorough research. Defining the essence of this phenomenon in the chronotope of national folk culture contributes to the preservation of national cultural heritage and dialogue of different cultures in the XXI century. Keywords: Ukrainian folk art culture, folklore, children’s folklore, riddles, musical folklore, dialogue of cultures, oral folk art, national culture, chronotope, space-time interrelations.

Decoding the Impact of the Srirama Panchali on Baranagar Temples Facades: The Driving Force behind Terracotta Artisans’ Narrativization of Ramayana Events

Valmiki Ramayana is one of the most popular, universally read, and widely circulated literary works. The poets of different languages in India ornamented Valmiki’s Sanskrit Ramayana with the vibrancy of their own indigenous languages and cultures. A significant number of such versions trace their roots to Bengal. The epic was first translated into the Bengali language by the great poet Krittibas Ojha. Its influences and popularity have been such as to justify it being called the Bible of the people of Bengal. Its intense undiminished popularity among the populace has also left an indelible impression on the artisans of Bengal and their creations in different eras. The study primarily aims to investigate the Ramayana narratives that have been found on the facades of the temples of Baranagar in Murshidabad, West Bengal, India. The intention is to trace the impact of Krittibas’s Srirama Panchali on the portrayals of the Ramayana episodes. The formal method of Art History has been employed to provide an in-depth description of the formal elements that have been incorporated by the artisans. Besides, a detailed critical inspection of the concerned portrayals has been complemented with literary references to get a lucid understanding of the intended issues.

ESSM: Formal Analysis Framework for Protocol to Support Algebraic Operations and More Attack Capabilities

The strand space model has been proposed as a formal method for verifying the security goals of cryptographic protocols. However, only encryption and decryption operations and hash functions are currently supported for the semantics of cryptographic primitives. Therefore, we establish the extended strand space model (ESSM) framework to describe algebraic operations and advanced threat models. Based on the ESSM, we add algebraic semantics, including the Abelian group and the XOR operation, and a threat model based on algebraic attacks, key-compromise impersonation attacks, and guess attacks. We implement our model using the automatic analysis tool, Scyther. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework by analysing several protocols, in particular a three-factor agreement protocol, with which we can identify new attacks while providing trace proofs.

Formal method for planning the machining of ship machine parts

При разработке технологии изготовления судовых машин, узлов и деталей используются типовые процессы-аналоги, либо описание опыта исполнителей. Известные зарубежные подходы также используют вариативный подход, основанный на типовых решениях, либо генеративный, который предусматривает как формализацию процесса проектирования, так и использование искусственного интеллекта. Как показано в статье одной из основных проблем формализации проектирования технологических процессов является невозможность однозначного представления геометрической конфигурации реальных деталей средствами современной классической геометрии. Для решения этой проблемы предлагается использовать геометрию неидеальных объектов, базисом которой является шестимерное пространство, объединяющее три линейных и три угловых измерения. Использование указанной геометрии позволило определить формальные связи между конструкцией детали и технологическим процессом её изготовления. В статье излагается разработанный авторами метод формального проектирования процессов обработки деталей на станках. Выявленные закономерности порождения геометрических конфигураций позволили разработать алгоритмы генерирования множества методов формообразования элементарных поверхностей. Также определены условия обеспечения сходимости алгоритма формирования комплектов технологических баз и последовательности их выполнения. Изложение материалов подтверждено рассмотрением процесса проектирования технологии обработки на примере реальной детали. When developing a technology for the manufacture of ship machines, units and parts, group processes are used, or a description of the experience of the performers. Well-known foreign approaches also use a variable approach based on standard solutions, or a generative one, which provides for both the formalization of the design process and the use of artificial intelligence. Main problem of formalizing the design of technological processes is the impossibility of an unambiguous representation of the geometric configuration of real parts by means of modern classical geometry. As a solution to this problem, it is proposed to use the geometry of non-ideal objects, the basis of which is a six-dimensional space that combines three linear and three angular dimensions. This geometry made it possible to determine the formal relationships between the design of the part and the technological process of its manufacture. Article describes the method developed by the authors for the formal design of the processing of parts on machine tools. Revealed patterns generation configurations of geometric made it possible to develop algorithms for formation a variety of methods for shaping elementary surfaces. Conditions for ensuring the convergence of algorithm for formation of sets of technological bases and the sequence of their implementation are determined. Presentation materials is confirmed by considering generating of technology using the example of a real part.

A Utility Method for the Matching Optimization of Ride-Sharing Based on the E-CARGO Model in Internet of Vehicles

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is the extension of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology in the field of transportation systems. Ride-sharing is one of intelligent travel applications in IoV. Ride-sharing is aimed at taking passengers with similar itineraries and time arrangements to travel in the same car according to a certain matching rule. To effectively integrate transport capacity resources and reduce the number of cars on the road, ride-sharing has become a popular and economical way of travel. The matching and optimizing of drivers and passengers are the core contents of a ride-sharing application system. This paper mainly studies the dynamic real-time matching of passengers and drivers in IoV, considering the main factors such as travel cost, car capacity, and utility. The matching problem is formulated in a ride-sharing system as a Role-Based Collaboration (RBC). A new utility method for the matching optimization of ride-sharing is present. In this paper, we establish a model for simulating the assignment of ride-sharing with the help of the Environments-Classes, Agents, Roles, Groups, and Objects (E-CARGO) model. The objective function and formal definitions are proposed. The utility and time of optimal matching are obtained by using the Kuhn-Munkres algorithm on the revenue matrix. The experimental results show that the proposed formal method based on the E-CARGO model and utility theory can be applied in the ride-sharing problem. Numerical experiments show that the matching time cost increases with the increase of the number of drivers and passengers participating in the ride-sharing system. When the number of drivers and passengers is different, one-to-many matching takes the least time, and one-to-one matching takes more time. When the number of drivers and passengers is the same, the time cost of one-to-one matching increases sharply with a certain value (bigger than 800). Compared with other matching methods, the time spent by the one-to-many method is reduced by 30%. The results show that the proposed solution can be applied to the matching and pricing in a ride-sharing system.

Reputation Description and Interpretation

<p>Reputation is an opinion held by others about a particular person, group, organisation, or resource. As a tool, reputation can be used to forecast the reliability of others based on their previous actions, moreover, in some domains it can even be used to estimate trustworthiness. Due to the large scale of virtual communities it is impossible to maintain a meaningful relationship with every member. Reputation systems are designed explicitly to manufacture trust within a virtual community by recording and sharing information regarding past interactions. Reputation systems are becoming increasingly popular and widespread, with the information generated varying considerably between domains. Currently, no formal method to exchange reputation information exists. However, the OpenRep framework, currently under development, is designed to federate reputation information, enabling the transparent exchange of information between reputation systems. This thesis presents a reputation description and interpretation system, designed as a foundation for the OpenRep framework. The description and interpretation system focuses on enabling the consistent and reliable expression and interpretation of reputation information across heterogeneous reputation systems. The description and interpretation system includes a strongly typed language, a verification system to validate usage of the language, and a XML based exchange protocol. In addition to these contributions, three case studies are presented as a means of generating requirements for the description and interpretation system, and evaluating the use of the proposed system in a federated reputation environment. The case studies include an electronic auction, virtual community and social network based relationship management service.</p>