scholarly journals Differences between children and young people: A multiple case study from Denmark

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Martin Blok Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Dominant Discourses

The words ‘children’ (Danish: ’børn’) and ‘young people’ (Danish: ’unge’) are so often combined that they almost have the character of idiomatic expressions. But what differences in the use of the words can be found? This article seeks to study the prevalent, dominant discourses about children and young people. In particular, it endeavours to answer the following question: What is thematized, and how are the thematizations created and maintained? The study is theoretically inspired by Foucault’s discourse analysis. The methodological approach is that of a multiple case study. Thus, it provides examples of how children are typically referred to in positive terms such as innocent, imaginative, cheerful, spontaneous, creative and competent (a surplus discourse), while young people are typically referred to in negative terms such as irresponsible, rootless, violent, dysfunctional, hedonistic and unaccountable (a deficit discourse).

Patterns of Conversation Trouble Source and Repair as Indices of Improved Conversation in Aphasia: A Multiple-Case Study Using Conversation Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jennifer Thompson Tetnowski ◽  
John A. Tetnowski ◽  
Jack S. Damico
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Functional Communication ◽  
Specific Approach ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multiple Case

Purpose Social approaches to intervention for aphasia are being increasingly employed to address the functional communication barriers experienced by persons with aphasia. One specific approach is the use of conversation-based treatment in both group and two-person dyads. Although there are several methods to measure improvement for stimulation and cognitive neurolinguistic approaches, researchers have consistently indicated a need for outcome measures that can objectively demonstrate improved communication following conversation treatment. This study aims to demonstrate the utility for examining the patterns of conversation trouble source and repair as indices for improved communication as a positive response to intervention. Method The conversations of 20 consecutive participants, before and after 3 months, or 40 hr, of group and individual conversation-based treatment, were transcribed using conventions of conversation analysis, and sociolinguistic discourse analysis was applied. Measures of trouble source and repair were aggregated and subjected to statistical analysis. Results Persons with aphasia demonstrated statistically significant improvement in patterns of conversation trouble source and repair posttreatment for the rate of conversation trouble source and the length of repair. However, measures of self-initiation and self-completion of repair did not reach significance. Conclusion The study indicates that, following conversation-based treatment, the conversations of persons with aphasias were more efficient, experiencing fewer trouble sources and shorter repair sequences. These findings suggest that measures of conversation for the rate of trouble source and length of the repair sequence are valid indices of improved conversation.

Resilience Processes Supporting Adolescents With Intellectual Disability: A Multiple Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Marié Hall ◽  
Linda C. Theron
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Young People ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Positive Orientation ◽  
Safe Spaces ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Resilience, or the process of adjusting well to risk, relies on constructive collaboration between youths and their social ecologies. Although the literature details the risks of an intellectual disability (ID), there is little explanation of why some young people cope well despite these risks. Accordingly, we report a multiple case study that affords insight into the resilience of 24 adolescents with ID. Using a draw-and-talk methodology, these young people explained their resilience as enabled primarily by supportive social ecologies (which facilitated behavioral and emotional regulation, encouraged mastery, treated them as agentic beings, and offered safe spaces). Adolescents' positive orientation to their life-worlds co-facilitated their resilience. These insights advance effective ways to champion the resilience of young people with ID.

Die Problematik der Implementierung von Kinästhetik in Einrichtungen der stationären Langzeitpflege – Eine Multiple Case-Study

Pflege ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Carola Maurer ◽  
Heidrun Gattinger ◽  
Hanna Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Multiple Case

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Einrichtungen der stationären Langzeitpflege investieren seit Jahren Ressourcen in die Entwicklung der Kinästhetikkompetenz der Pflegenden. Aus aktuellen Studien geht hervor, dass die Implementierung, bzw. die nachhaltige Förderung der Kinästhetikkompetenz problematisch ist, vertiefte Erkenntnisse zu den Ursachen fehlen jedoch. Fragestellung: Welche Hemmnisse verhindern eine nachhaltige Implementierung von Kinästhetik in Einrichtungen der stationären Langzeitpflege? Methode: Es wurde eine Multiple Case-Study in drei Einrichtungen der deutschsprachigen Schweiz durchgeführt. Aus leitfadengestützten Interviews und (fallbezogener) Literatur zum externen Kontext wurden in den Within-Case-Analysen die Daten induktiv verdichtet und diese Ergebnisse in der Cross-Case-Synthese miteinander verglichen und abstrahierend zusammengeführt. Ergebnisse: Die Synthese zeigt, dass die Implementierung von Kinästhetik innerhalb der Einrichtung auf drei verschiedenen Ebenen – der Leitungs-, Pflegeteam- und Pflegeperson-Ebene – als auch durch externe Faktoren negativ beeinflusst werden kann. Schlussfolgerungen: In der Pflegepraxis und -wissenschaft sowie im Gesundheitswesen benötigt es ein grundlegendes Verständnis von Kinästhetik und wie dieses im Kontext des professionellen Pflegehandelns einzuordnen ist. Insbesondere Leitungs- und implementierungsverantwortliche Personen müssen mögliche Hemmnisse kennen, um entsprechende Strategien entwickeln zu können.

Creating autonomous learners in the teaching of English as a second language (ESL) in Zimbabwean secondary schools : a reality or a myth?

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-132
Author(s):  
Rungamirai Matiure ◽  
Erick Nyoni
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Learner Autonomy ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Midlands Province ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

This study explored the utility of the learner autonomy concept in the Zimbabwean O Level English as a Second Language (ESL) classroom focusing on three Gweru urban high schools of the Midlands Province. The researchers intended to establish whether learner autonomy was a reality or just a myth in Zimbabwean classrooms. A qualitative multiple case study design was applied focusing on teaching strategies, availability of resources, challenges faced and ways of optimising it. Questionnaires and document analysis were used for data collection. The findings revealed that the concept did not manifest in explicit terms, the learners did not participate in decision making, and the teachers were not adequately prepared to administer autonomous processes with students. For it to be a reality, the Education Ministry is recommended to establish a comprehensive framework of how autonomous learning should be implemented. Teacher training should explicitly focus on how to develop autonomous learners. Teachers ought to be flexible enough to accommodate learners' contributions towards their learning.

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