scholarly journals The financial burden of out-of-pocket expenses in the United States and Canada: How different is the United States?

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 205031211562379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E Baird
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Care Reforms ◽  
Medical Expenses ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Out Of Pocket Expenses

Background: This article compares the burden that medical cost-sharing requirements place on households in the United States and Canada. It estimates the probability that individuals with similar demographic features in the two countries have large medical expenses relative to income. Method: The study uses 2010 nationally representative household survey data harmonized for cross-national comparisons to identify individuals with high medical expenses relative to income. Using logistic regression, it estimates the probability of high expenses occurring among 10 different demographic groups in the two countries. Results: The results show the risk of large medical expenses in the United States is 1.5–4 times higher than it is in Canada, depending on the demographic group and spending threshold used. The United States compares least favorably when evaluating poorer citizens and when using a higher spending threshold. Conclusion: Recent health care reforms can be expected to reduce Americans’ catastrophic health expenses, but it will take very large reductions in out-of-pocket expenditures—larger than can be expected—if poorer and middle-class families are to have the financial protection from high health care costs that their counterparts in Canada have.

scholarly journals Recent trends in the probability of high out-of-pocket medical expenses in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 205031211666032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E Baird
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Out Of Pocket Expenses

Objective: This article measures the probability that out-of-pocket expenses in the United States exceed a threshold share of income. It calculates this probability separately by individuals’ health condition, income, and elderly status and estimates changes occurring in these probabilities between 2010 and 2013. Data and Method: This article uses nationally representative household survey data on 344,000 individuals. Logistic regressions estimate the probabilities that out-of-pocket expenses exceed 5% and alternatively 10% of income in the two study years. These probabilities are calculated for individuals based on their income, health status, and elderly status. Results: Despite favorable changes in both health policy and the economy, large numbers of Americans continue to be exposed to high out-of-pocket expenditures. For instance, the results indicate that in 2013 over a quarter of nonelderly low-income citizens in poor health spent 10% or more of their income on out-of-pocket expenses, and over 40% of this group spent more than 5%. Moreover, for Americans as a whole, the probability of spending in excess of 5% of income on out-of-pocket costs increased by 1.4 percentage points between 2010 and 2013, with the largest increases occurring among low-income Americans; the probability of Americans spending more than 10% of income grew from 9.3% to 9.6%, with the largest increases also occurring among the poor. Conclusion: The magnitude of out-of-pocket’s financial burden and the most recent upward trends in it underscore a need to develop good measures of the degree to which health care policy exposes individuals to financial risk, and to closely monitor the Affordable Care Act’s success in reducing Americans’ exposure to large medical bills.

Psychological, Social and Technical Factors Influencing Electronic Medical Records Systems Adoption by U.S. Physicians: A Systematic Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghid El-Yafouri ◽  
Leslie Klieb ◽  
Valérie Sabatier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Electronic Medical Records ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Intention To Adopt

Abstract Background: Wide adoption of electronic medical records (EMR) systems in the United States can lead to better quality medical care at a lower cost. Despite the laws and financial subsidies by the U.S. government for service providers and suppliers, the adoption has been slow. Understanding the EMR adoption drivers for physicians and the role of policymaking can translate into increased adoption rate and enhanced information sharing between medical care providers. Methods: Physicians across the United States were surveyed to gather primary data on their psychological, social, and technical perceptions toward EMR systems. This quantitative study builds on the Theory of Planned Behavior, the Technology Acceptance Model, and the Diffusion of Innovation theory to propose, test, and validate an innovation adoption model for the health care industry. 382 responses were collected and data were analyzed via linear regression to uncover the effects of 12 variables on the intention to adopt EMR systems.Results: Regression model testing uncovers that government policymaking or mandates and other social factors have little or negligible effect on physicians’ intention to adopt an innovation. Rather, physicians are directly driven by their attitudes and ability to control, and indirectly motivated by their knowledge of the innovation, the financial ability to acquire the system, the holistic benefits to their industry, and the relative advancement of the system compared to others.Conclusions: A unidirectional mandate from the government is not sufficient for physicians to adopt an innovation. Government, health care associations, and EMR system vendors can benefit from our findings by working toward increasing the physicians’ knowledge of the proposed innovation, socializing how medical care providers and the overall industry can benefit from EMR system adoption, and solving for the financial burden of system implementation and sustainment.

The English and Swedish Health Care Reforms

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Glennerster ◽  
Manos Matsaganis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Care Reforms ◽  
Swedish Health Care ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
The World

England and Sweden have two of the most advanced systems of universal access to health care in the world. Both have begun major reforms based on similar principles. Universal access and finance from taxation are retained, but a measure of competition between providers of health care is introduced. The reforms therefore show a movement toward the kind of approach advocated by some in the United States. This article traces the origins and early results of the two countries' reform efforts.

scholarly journals Health Care Expenditures of Immigrants in the United States: A Nationally Representative Analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 1431-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarita A. Mohanty ◽  
Steffie Woolhandler ◽  
David U. Himmelstein ◽  
Susmita Pati ◽  
Olveen Carrasquillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nationally Representative

The Politics of Health Care Reforms in U.S. Presidential Elections

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Navarro
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
European Union ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Health Care Reforms ◽  
Professional Groups

This article analyzes why people in the United States have major problems in accessing medical care that are due to financial constraints. The author suggests that the cause of these problems is the way in which medical care and elections are funded in the United States, with private sources being the largest component in the funding of both activities. The article includes a comparison of funding of the electoral process in the United States with similar electoral processes in the countries of the European Union, and postulates that privatization of the funding of U.S. elections (primary and general) is responsible for privatization of the funding of medical care—the root of people's problem in paying for their medical care. Privatization of election funding gives undue power to the economic, financial, and professional groups that dominate medicine in the United States.

scholarly journals Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Wildfire Exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s152-s152
Author(s):  
Sohail Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
The United States ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Human Habitat ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Manifestations ◽  
The Impact

Introduction:Wildfires are life threatening incessant fires in thickly vegetated areas that spread extremely rapidly to human habitat and are difficult to control by human force. The impact of wildfires is enormous on population health and causes tremendous financial burden to individuals and communities.Aim:The aim is to understand the potential disease burden secondary to wildfires both at an individual and population level and reflect upon the immediate and delayed neuropsychiatric manifestations of smoke exposure.Methods:Data on wildfires associated direct and indirect costs on individual health and health care delivery appears to be scant. The effort of this presentation is to present the federal data from 2012 to 2016 on nationwide wildfires, estimated acreage consumed in wildfires, the population exposed, and deaths. Information was extracted from the National Interagency Fire Center, the United States Fire Administration, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Through literature review on neuropsychological sequelae of wildfires smoke inhalation and associated trauma, the goal is to reflect upon potential healthcare burden secondary to neuropsychiatric manifestations.Results:Per National Center for Health Statistics, the national fire death rates from 2012 to 2016 ranged 10 to 11 per million population each year, and the property loss both residential and non-residential was estimated at 9 to 10 billion dollars each year. We know healthcare cost is expensive in the United States, and with the stated estimates, one can only envision the health care and public health system burden.Discussion:The characteristic neuropathology of carbon monoxide toxicity is bilateral Globus pallidus necrosis and the common neuropsychological symptoms include fatigue, affective conditions, emotional distress, memory deficits, sleep disturbance, vertigo, dementia, and psychosis. The health effects and associated disability demand policymakers to allocate resources for wildfire prevention/ containment and primary health care providers education, research, and building effective healthcare delivery systems.

Barriers to Health Care Among Adults With Minoritized Identities in the United States, 2013–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-862
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Hernandez ◽  
P. Johnelle Sparks
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Barriers To Health Care ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Barriers To Health

Objectives. To examine the relationship between minoritized identity and barriers to health care in the United States. Methods. Nationally representative data collected from the 2013 to 2017 waves of the National Health Interview Survey were used to conduct descriptive and logistic regression analyses. Men and women were placed in 1 of 4 categories: no minoritized identities, minoritized identities of race/ethnicity (MIoRE), minoritized identities of sexuality (MIoS), or minoritized identities of both race/ethnicity and sexuality (MIoRES). Five barriers to health care were considered. Results. Relative to heterosexual White adults and after controlling for socioeconomic status, adults with MIoRE were less likely to report barriers, adults with MIoS were more likely to report barriers, and adults with MIoRES were more likely to report barriers across 2 of the study measures. Conclusions. Barriers to care varied according to gender, minoritized identity, and the measure of access to health care itself. Public Health Implications. Approaching health disparities research using an intersectional lens moves the discussion from examining individual differences to examining the role of social structures such as the health care system in maintaining and reproducing inequality.

scholarly journals Financial Burden of Atopic Dermatitis Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenses in the United States

Dermatitis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Smith Begolka ◽  
Raj Chovatiya ◽  
Isabelle J. Thibau ◽  
Jonathan I. Silverberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
The United States
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