Prevalence of substance abuse and socio-economic differences in substance abuse in an Australian community-dwelling elderly sample

A sample of 324 55–90-year-old Australian adults participated in a survey on elderly substance abuse using the Clinical Assessment Scales for the Elderly. Overall, males had a higher prevalence rate of substance abuse than females. Significant differences in substance abuse mean scores were found for gender, age, income, community involvement, and retirement. The findings also reveal that being a female, involved in community groups, being a retiree, and being a non-baby boomer are protective factors of substance abuse. Being an upper medium income earner appears to be a risk factor of substance abuse.

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The Importance of Stroke as a Risk Factor of Cognitive Decline in Community Dwelling Older and Oldest peoples : The SONIC Study

10.21203/rs.2.15994/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Werayuth Srithum ◽

Mai Kabayama ◽

Yasuyuki Gondo ◽

Yukie Masui ◽

Yuya Akagi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Educational Level ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

History Of

Abstract Background: Cognitive impairment is a major health concern among older and oldest people.Moreover, stroke is a relevant contributor for cognitive decline and development of dementia. The study of cognitive decline focused on stroke as the important risk factor by recruiting older and oldest is still lagging behind. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the importance of stroke as a risk factor of cognitive decline during three years in community dwelling older and oldest people. Methods: This study was longitudinal study with a 3-year follow-up in Japan. The participants were 1,333community dwelling older and oldest people (70 years old = 675, 80 years old = 589, and 90 years old = 69). Data collected included basic data (age, sex, and history of stroke), vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and current smoking), and social factors (educational level, frequency of going outdoors, long-term care (LTC) service used, and residential area). The Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) was decline of ≥ 2 points was defined as cognitive decline. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between stroke and other risk factors with cognitive decline during a 3-year follow-up. Results: The fit of the hypothesized model by multiple logistic regression showed that a history of stroke, advanced age, and greater MoCA-J score at the baseline were important risk factors, while the presence of dyslipidemia and a higher educational level were protective factors that were significantly correlated with cognitive decline during the 3-year follow-up. Conclusions: The cognitive decline after the 3-year follow-up was influenced by the history of stroke and advanced age, while greater MoCA-J score at the baseline was positively associated with subsequent 3 years cognitive decline. The protective factors were the presence of dyslipidemia and a higher educational level. Therefore, these factors are considered important and should be taken into consideration when searching for creative solutions to prevent cognitive decline after stroke in community dwelling older and oldest people.

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Subjective Hearing Difficulty and Fall Risk

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2020_aja-20-00006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 384-390

Author(s):

Robin E. Criter ◽

Megan Gustavson

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Hearing Aids ◽

Fall Risk ◽

The Elderly ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Functional Balance ◽

Risk Of Falls ◽

Hearing Difficulty ◽

Recent Falls

Purpose Hearing loss is a risk factor for falls. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between subjective hearing difficulty and risk of falls. Method Community-dwelling older adults, aged 60 years and older, completed a case history; three questionnaires, including the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE), Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC); and one functional balance measure, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Pearson and Spearman correlations were calculated, and average scores were plotted according to group and HHIE score category for DHI, ABC, TUG, the number of medications, and the number of recent falls. Results Seventy-four participants were included in this analysis: 28 nonaudiology patients, 18 audiology patients with hearing aids, and 28 audiology patients without hearing aids. Significant positive correlations were noted between HHIE and DHI scores for audiology patients without hearing aids and between HHIE score and number of recent falls for audiology patients with hearing aids. When average scores were plotted for DHI, ABC, TUG, the number of medications, and the number of recent falls according to group and category, there were clear trends toward increased fall risk as HHIE score categories increased (i.e., mild to moderate to severe) based on previously used criteria. Conclusions Overall, a trend was noticed such that, for increasing HHIE score categories, fall risk increased. Significant correlations existed between HHIE score and some of the measures used to indicate fall risk (i.e., DHI score, number of recent falls). Future fall risk research should investigate subjective hearing difficulty as a risk factor, as well as pure-tone audiometric thresholds.

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FEATURES

Asia-Pacific Biotech News ◽

10.1142/s0219030314000275 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (04) ◽

pp. 25-39

Keyword(s):

Substance Abuse ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Cell Injury ◽

The Elderly ◽

Brain Cell ◽

Therapeutic Interventions

Is Aging a Risk Factor for Cancer? Adverse Effects of Substance Abuse on Aging: Implication of Brain Cell Injury Diabetes and the Elderly The Necessity for Early Therapeutic Interventions in Dementia: The Role of Neurosteroids

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Apolipoprotein E and Functional Illness in the Elderly

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610298005092 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 3-6

Author(s):

Clive Holmes

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Apolipoprotein E ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Late Onset ◽

The Elderly ◽

Protective Role ◽

Depressive Illness ◽

Apoe Ε4 ◽

Psychiatric Conditions

Following on from the hypothesis of a role for the ApoE ε4 and ε2 alleles as risk and protective factors, respectively, for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) came inevitable questions regarding other psychiatric conditions of late onset including depressive illness and schizophrenia. Is ApoE ε4 a risk factor in these diseases and do carriers have an earlier age of onset? Does ApoE ε2 have a protective role, with carriers of this allele having a later age of onset?

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Představení Clinical Assessment scales for the Elderly

TESTFÓRUM ◽

10.5817/tf2015-5-38 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 36-41

Author(s):

Tamara Kunčarová ◽

Anna Karásková

Keyword(s):

Clinical Assessment ◽

The Elderly ◽

Assessment Scales

Metoda Clinical Assessment Scales for the Elderly (CASE, Klinická škála pro starší populaci) se jeví jako nástroj, který by bylo možné adaptovat z amerického do českého prostředí za účelem přesnějšího a jednoduššího měření psychopatologie u starších osob. Má potenciál doplnit stávající klinické nástroje a rozšířit tak možnosti diagnostiky, stejně jako ji učinit efektivnější. Je proto na místě přemýšlet o výzkumu možností využití CASE u nás. V následujícím textu tuto metodu popíšeme a představíme její klady a zápory.

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The pattern of support networks among the community dwelling elderly in urban Ireland: variations with mental disorder

Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0790966700005656 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 43-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Michael Kirby ◽

Aisling Denihan ◽

Irene Bruce ◽

Davis Coakley ◽

Brian A Lawlor

Keyword(s):

Older People ◽

Community Involvement ◽

Elderly Population ◽

The Elderly ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Support Networks ◽

Support Network ◽

Informal Support ◽

Low Levels ◽

Family And Community Involvement

AbstractObjectives: The changing family and social patterns in modern society are likely to influence the availability of informal support for older people. The aims of this study were to determine the support network distribution of a community dwelling elderly population in Dublin, and of those with mental disorders (dementia, depression and anxiety).Methods: Interviews with 1,001 community dwelling older people using GMS-AGECAT. In addition, a support network assessment instrument was administered, which identifies five different support network types. The local integrated and wider community focused networks are characterised by extensive community involvement, family dependent networks by close family support, and the local self contained and private restricted networks by low levels of family and community involvement.Results: Of the elderly population, 83% had support networks characterised by close community and/or family involvement. Subjects with cognitive impairment had lower levels of informal support from the community, as indicated by a lower proportion of local integrated (44% v 63%) and a higher proportion of private restricted (6% v 12%) networks. Late life depression was also associated with decreased levels of community integration.Conclusions: The elderly in Dublin appear to have high levels of informal support. The extensive support may be a factor in the lower rates of depression found in Dublin than in London and New York. While the overall level of informal support available to older people with mental disorders in the community remains high, a proportion have low levels of family and community involvement and consequently their mental health problems may go unrecognised.

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The Importance of Stroke as a Risk Factor of Cognitive Decline in Community Dwelling Older and Oldest peoples : The SONIC Study

10.21203/rs.2.15994/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Werayuth Srithum ◽

Mai Kabayama ◽

Yasuyuki Gondo ◽

Yukie Masui ◽

Yuya Akagi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Educational Level ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

History Of

Abstract Background: Increasing older people make a cognitive impairment is a major health concerns among older and oldest people. Moreover, the stroke is a relevant contribution for cognitive decline and development of dementia.The study of cognitive decline focused on stroke as the important risk factor by recruiting older and oldest still lagging behind. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the importance of stroke as a risk factor of cognitive decline during three years in community dwelling older and oldest people. Methods: This study was longitudinal study with a 3-year follow-up in Japan.The participants were1,333community dwelling older and oldest people (70 years old = 675, 80 years old = 589, and 90 years old = 69). Data collected included basic data (age, sex, and history of stroke), vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and current smoking), and social factors (educational level, frequency of going outdoors, long-term care (LTC) service used, and residential area). The Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) was decline of ≥ 2 points was defined as cognitive decline. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between stroke and other risk factors with cognitive decline during a 3-year follow-up. Results: The fit of the hypothesized model by multiple logistic regression showed that a history of stroke, advanced age, and greater MoCA-J score at the baseline were important risk factors, while the presence of dyslipidemia and a higher educational level were protective factors that were significantly correlated with cognitive decline during the 3-year follow-up. Conclusions: The cognitive decline after the 3-year follow-up was influenced by the history of stroke and advanced age, while greater MoCA-J score at the baseline was associated with decline of the score after 3-year, but it was not supposed to be risk.The protective factors were the presence of dyslipidemia and a higher educational level. Therefore, these factors are considered important and should be taken into consideration when searching for creative solutions to prevent cognitive decline after stroke in community dwelling older and oldest people.

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