scholarly journals Conventional treatment of a metaldehyde-intoxicated cat with additional use of low-dose intravenous lipid emulsion

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511692094017
Author(s):  
Ilaria Bergamini ◽  
Clara Mattavelli ◽  
Giorgio Grossi ◽  
Ilaria Magagnoli ◽  
Massimo Giunti
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Pupillary Light ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Bilateral Absence ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Rate Infusion

Case summary An adult male intact domestic shorthair cat was presented for acute onset of generalised tremors, stupor, horizontal nystagmus, anisocoria and bilateral absence of pupillary light and palpebral reflexes. Response to intravenous (IV) administration of benzodiazepines was minimal; thus, the induction of general anaesthesia with propofol, midazolam and dexmedetomidine was necessary to control clinical signs. Following a clinical suspicion of neurotoxicosis, a low-dose constant rate infusion (CRI) of IV lipid emulsion (ILE) was started. Phenobarbital and a low-dose CRI of ketamine were also used for neuroprotective purposes. Metaldehyde intoxication was confirmed by qualitative faecal toxicological analysis after discharge. Anaesthetic drugs were progressively tapered and stopped after 28 h and extubation was possible after 44 h. The cat was discharged 8 days after admission with a complete recovery of the clinical signs. Relevance and novel information To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report to describe a case of metaldehyde toxicosis in a cat treated with intensive supportive care and an additional low-dose CRI of ILE.

Treatment of Ibuprofen Toxicosis in a Dog with IV Lipid Emulsion

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Bolfer ◽  
Maureen McMichael ◽  
Thandeka R. Ngwenyama ◽  
Mauria A. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Constant Rate Infusion ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Time Of Presentation ◽  
Rate Infusion

A 3 yr old spayed female mixed-breed dog weighing 19.4 kg was evaluated for ingestion of 1,856 mg/kg (180 tablets) of ibuprofen, a human formulated nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). At the time of presentation, the patient was alert and hypersalivating, but her mental status rapidly declined to obtunded, stuporous, and then comatose within 30 min of presentation. Initial treatment included supportive therapy with prostaglandin analogs and antiemetics. An IV lipid emulsion (ILE) was administered as a bolus, followed by a constant rate infusion. Clinical signs began to improve approximately 3 hr after completion of the lipid infusion. The patient required supportive care for 3 days before discharge. This case report demonstrates the use of ILE for treatment of ibuprofen toxicosis in a dog. ILE infusion may be a therapeutic option for patients with toxicosis due to lipid-soluble drugs.

The clinical effects of a low dose dexmedetomidine constant rate infusion in isoflurane anesthetized cats

2018 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.T. Simon ◽  
E.M. Scallan ◽  
C.D. Coursey ◽  
W.M. Kiehl ◽  
E.J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Constant Rate Infusion ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Rate Infusion

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in three adult horses

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e000732
Author(s):  
Sarah Smith ◽  
Celia M Marr
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Radiographic Evidence ◽  
Benign Condition ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum ◽  
External Trauma ◽  
Right Heart Dysfunction

The report describes the diagnosis and management of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in three horses which were presented with acute-onset increased respiratory effort. Pneumomediastinum was evident radiographically without evidence of internal or external trauma. Two horses had no obvious inciting cause and one horse had chronic interstitial pneumonia. All horses developed echocardiographic changes consistent with right heart dysfunction. Radiographic evidence of pneumomediastinum resolved in 14–21 days along with all other clinical abnormalities. Despite the severity of the initial clinical signs, all cases reported made a rapid and complete recovery, suggesting that, as in human beings, spontaneous pneumomediastinum in horses is a benign condition with a good prognosis.

scholarly journals Gynaecomastia in a male neutered cat with an adrenal tumour and associated hyperprogesteronism, hypercortisolism and hyperaldosteronism

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511692110456
Author(s):  
Jane Yu ◽  
Jason Lenord ◽  
Michelle Lau ◽  
Laurencie Brunel ◽  
Rachael Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Adrenal Tumour ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Adrenal Hormones ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression ◽  
Test Serum ◽  
Adrenocortical Tumour

Case summary A 7-year-old male neutered domestic longhair cat was presented with chronic progressive gynaecomastia, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss and poor fur regrowth. Sexualised behavioural changes were not reported and virilisation was not present on physical examination. Pertinent haematology, biochemistry and urinalysis findings at the time of referral included mild hypokalaemia. Left adrenomegaly and mild prostatomegaly were identified on a CT scan. Evaluation of adrenal hormones with a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test, serum progesterone, testosterone, oestradiol, plasma aldosterone, renin, plasma metanephrine and normetanephrine measurement supported a diagnosis of hyperprogesteronism, hyperaldosteronism and hypercortisolism. Adrenalectomy was performed and histopathology was consistent with an adrenocortical tumour. Clinical signs and hormone elevations resolved postoperatively. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the second report of gynaecomastia secondary to an adrenal tumour in a male neutered cat and the first associated with hyperprogesteronism.

Plasma levels of a low-dose constant-rate-infusion of ketamine and its effect on single and repeated nociceptive stimuli in conscious dogs

2009 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Bergadano ◽  
Ole K. Andersen ◽  
Lars Arendt-Nielsen ◽  
Regula Theurillat ◽  
Wolfgang Thormann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Constant Rate Infusion ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Rate Infusion

Dexmedetomidine low dose followed by constant rate infusion and antagonism by atipamezole in isoflurane-anesthetized cats: an echocardiographic study

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Carvalho ◽  
Tatiana Champion ◽  
Francielli Ambrosini ◽  
Gabrieli A. da Silva ◽  
Gabrielle C. Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Constant Rate Infusion ◽  
Echocardiographic Study ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Rate Infusion

Apophyseal avulsion fracture of the greater trochanter of the femur in a Thoroughbred filly

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 342-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pepe ◽  
S. Nannarone ◽  
C. Tamantini ◽  
R. Gialletti ◽  
F. Beccati
Keyword(s):  
Avulsion Fracture ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Greater Trochanter ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Bone Fragments ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hindlimb Lameness ◽  
Rate Infusion

SummaryThe case report of a 14-month-old Thoroughbred filly with acute onset of severe right hindlimb lameness is presented. The horse had a severe and sudden abduction of the hindlimbs due to a side effect of an overdose of lidocaine, which had been administered in a constant rate infusion after a colic surgery. Transcutaneus ultrasonography and standing radiography of the pelvis revealed proximal and cranial displacement of the greater trochanter and free bone fragments consistent with an apophyseal avulsion fracture of the greater trochanter. The complete diagnosis was obtained with the horse in a standing position. The filly was euthanatized because of deterioration resulting from the colic condition and of the poor prognosis of the fracture of the greater trochanter. Postmortem evaluation confirmed an apophyseal avulsion fracture of the right greater trochanter. To the authors' knowledge, ultrasonographic and radiographic findings of this fracture have not been described in the standing horse. The diagnosis was reached quite easily with the horse in a normal standing position when the characteristic ultrasonographic and radiographic findings were detected.

scholarly journals Severe muscle fasciculations and tremor in a cat with hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis secondary to duodenal obstruction

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 205511691668642
Author(s):  
Alison Jukes ◽  
Marcus Gunew ◽  
Rhett Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Duodenal Obstruction ◽  
Metabolic Alkalosis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Cerebellar Diseases ◽  
History Of

Case summary An 18-month-old, female spayed, Australian Mist cat presented with a 24 h history of muscle tremors and inappetence progressing to collapse with generalised muscle fasciculations. The cat was diagnosed with a hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis due to a duodenal foreign body found to be a trichobezoar at coeliotomy. The cat made a complete recovery after enterotomy to remove the trichobezoar, with cessation of neuromuscular clinical signs and normalisation of its electrolyte and acid–base imbalances. Relevance and novel information Muscle fasciculations and tremors in cats can be caused by intoxications, metabolic derangements, encephalomyelitis, feline hyperaesthesia syndrome and cerebellar diseases. The presenting clinical signs of severe muscle fasciculations and tremors have not previously been reported in association with an intestinal obstruction in the cat.

scholarly journals Persistent pit viper envenomation in a cat

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511691773746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Yankin ◽  
Michael Schaer ◽  
Matthew Johnson ◽  
Tessa Meland ◽  
Leonel A Londoño
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Coagulation Time ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Bite Wounds ◽  
Activated Coagulation Time ◽  
Severe Coagulopathy

Case summary A 4-year-old female spayed, indoor/outdoor domestic mediumhair cat presented with multiple bleeding puncture wounds and hemorrhagic shock. The cat was diagnosed with suspected pit viper envenomation based on the location and appearance of the bite wounds, as well as the presence of severe coagulopathy with prolonged activated coagulation time (762 s), which responded to antivenom administration. The clinical course of the cat was unique owing to the prolonged clinical signs of envenomation that appeared as intermittent coagulopathy and hemorrhage over a 2 week period. Five vials of antivenom were administered and three units of packed red blood cells were transfused over a 7 day period. The cat made a complete recovery with cessation of hemorrhage and normalization of clotting times. Relevance and novel information This is the first report of persistent pit viper venom-induced coagulopathy in the feline veterinary literature.

Hormone Replacement Therapy and Voice

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-614
Author(s):  
Jean Abitbol
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Female Voice ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
High Pitch ◽  
Endocrine Effects ◽  
The Voice

The purpose of this article is to update the management of the treatment of the female voice at perimenopause and menopause. Voice and hormones—these are 2 words that clash, meet, and harmonize. If we are to solve this inquiry, we shall inevitably have to understand the hormones, their impact, and the scars of time. The endocrine effects on laryngeal structures are numerous: The actions of estrogens and progesterone produce modification of glandular secretions. Low dose of androgens are secreted principally by the adrenal cortex, but they are also secreted by the ovaries. Their effect may increase the low pitch and decease the high pitch of the voice at menopause due to important diminution of estrogens and the privation of progesterone. The menopausal voice syndrome presents clinical signs, which we will describe. I consider menopausal patients to fit into 2 broad types: the “Modigliani” types, rather thin and slender with little adipose tissue, and the “Rubens” types, with a rounded figure with more fat cells. Androgen derivatives are transformed to estrogens in fat cells. Hormonal replacement therapy should be carefully considered in the context of premenopausal symptom severity as alternative medicine. Hippocrates: “Your diet is your first medicine.”

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