scholarly journals Association Between Pulsatile Components of Blood Pressure and Severe Tooth Loss in Rural Ecuador: The Three Villages Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272092867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar H. Del Brutto ◽  
Robertino M. Mera ◽  
Bettsy Y. Recalde ◽  
Andrew P. Torpey ◽  
John P. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relevant Covariates

Background: Arterial hypertension has been associated with severe tooth loss, but differential associations with individual components of blood pressure (BP) have scarcely been investigated. We assessed the independent associations between pulsatile/steady components of BP and severe tooth loss in community-dwelling adults residing in 3 rural Ecuadorian villages. Methods: Individuals aged ≥40 years living in Atahualpa, El Tambo, and Prosperidad were identified during door-to-door surveys. Data collection focused on the number of remaining teeth and measurements of pulsatile/steady components of BP. Multivariate models were fitted to assess independent associations between pulsatile/steady BP components and severe tooth loss, after adjusting for relevant covariates. Results: A total of 1543 individuals were included. Oral exams identified 426 (28%) individuals with severe tooth loss. BP levels ≥140/90 mm Hg were determined in 481 (31%) individuals. The mean pulse pressure (PP) level was 55.3 ± 19 mm Hg. For systolic BP (SBP), the mean level was 133.1 ± 23.5 mm Hg, and for diastolic BP (DBP) it was 77.8 ± 11.5 mm Hg. Univariate models showed significant associations between severe tooth loss and SBP and PP, but not with DBP. However, the significance was taken away in fully adjusted generalized linear models. Age remained as an independent significant covariate in models using SBP and PP. Causal mediation analyses disclosed that percentages of the effect of severe tooth loss mediated by age were 99.5% for SBP and 98.9% for PP. Conclusion: This study shows that age captures most of the effect of the association between pulsatile components of BP and severe tooth loss.

scholarly journals Correlation of quality of life and significant seasonal fluctuations blood pressure in the morning hours in patients with arterial hypertension

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
G. F Andreeva ◽  
A. D Deev ◽  
V. M Gorbunov ◽  
O. V Molchanova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations

The aim of the present study was to identify the relationship between the quality of life of patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and the degree of seasonal fluctuations in blood pressure (BP) in the morning hours in these patients, as well as to trace the seasonal dynamics of the average morning levels of blood pressure in this group of patients. We analyzed the database of various studies carried out in our center between 1996 and 2011, which contained data 953 ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). ABPM data were analyzed in patients with hypertension, without serious comorbidities, who conducted blood pressure monitoring on a weekly background of antihypertensive therapy. Results of the study. It has been shown that diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the morning (at) was the highest in winter (83.5±13.7 mm Hg), at the lowest - in summer (80.2±11.5 mm Hg), which was typical of the seasonal dynamics of blood pressure generally. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was characterized by the highest level of the fall in blood pressure (133.3±18.7 mm Hg). The smallest - in the winter (131,8 B±17,6 mm Hg). The differences between the seasons are not reliable. When analyzing the results by using generalized linear models (Generalized Linear Models) and calculating the Fisher's exact test (F) The following patterns were identified. Intensity of seasonal increases in blood pressure (compared with the average level of blood pressure) was inversely related to the level of social support of friends, colleagues, relatives (Scale VI Quality of Life Questionnaire) (for F DBP was 4.29 (p

scholarly journals COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, THEIR DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE IN THE ACUTE AND RECOVERY PERIODS OF STROKE, DEPENDING ON ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION SEVERITY AND DURATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
T.M. Cherenko ◽  
Yu.L. Heletyuk
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
The Mean

Relevance. Cognitive impairment is common in the post-stroke period. Different characteristics of arterial hypertension (AH), namely its severity, duration and variability of blood pressure, can affect the development of cognitive impairment in stroke patients. Objective: to investigate cognitive impairment, their dynamics and structure in acute and recovering stroke periods, depending on the arterial hypertension severity and duration. Materials and methods. 150 patients with a primary ischemic stroke and history of hypertension: 74 (49,3 %) women and 76 (50,7 %) men, the mean age (67,4±0,7) years have been examined. Neurological deficits was evaluated by the NIHSS scale. The cognitive status was evaluated by the MMSE scale at the end of an acute period of 21 days and 1 year. Diagnosis of hypertension was based on the clinical and instrumental examination results and medical documents. Daily blood pressure monitoring was using on admission and every 4 hours during 6 days of acute stroke stage. Mean SBP, mean DBP, maximum SBP and DBP, standard deviation (SD) of SBP and DBP were studied. Results. By the mean score on the MMSE scale, there are differences in patients during acute post-stroke period, depending on the severity of hypertension: 27,2±0,6 points in the case of hypertension stage 1, 24,3±0,6 in the case of hypertension stage 2 and 20,7±0,8 in case of AH stage 3, (p=0.001). By this indicator, patients with different AH duration were different: 26,4±0,9 points; 25,1±0,5 points; 20,5±0,7 points, respectively. The significance of these differences by the mean values of MMSE score was obtained in patients with a duration of AH less than 5 years and more than 10 years, as well as when comparing the group of "6-10 years" and "over 10 years" (p=0,001). Significant differences in the structure of cognitive deficits severity, depending on the hypertension stage and its duration, were observed only in patients with moderate and severe stroke (p=0,006). Cognitive deterioration a year after a stroke was observed in 40 (31,5 %) patients. They have significantly higher mean values SD 1-3, SD 1-6, SBP on the first day after a stroke, and duration of hypertension. Conclusions. The relationship between the degree of intellectual decline and the duration of hypertension (r=0,592, p=0,001), severity of hypertension (r=0,459, p=0,001) was found. The severity of the neurological deficiency affects the structure of cognitive impairment at discharge in patients with different severity and duration of hypertension, and higher mean values of the variability of blood pressure from 1 to 6 days, SBP on the first day after stroke and higher duration of hypertension in the history is associated with a negative dynamics of cognitive impairment in stroke patients in a year after stroke.

scholarly journals The opposite effects of routine metabolic rate and metabolic rate during startle responses on variation in the predictability of behaviour in hermit crabs

Behaviour ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 153 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 1545-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Velasque ◽  
Mark Briffa
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Startle Response ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Routine Metabolic Rate ◽  
Intraindividual Variation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pagurus Bernhardus

Studies on animal behaviour have suggested a link between personality and energy expenditure. However, most models assume constant variation within individuals, even though individuals vary between observations. Such variation is called intraindividual variation in behaviour (IIV). We investigate if IIV in the duration of the startle response is associated with metabolic rates (MR) in the hermit crabPagurus bernhardus. We repeatedly measured startle response durations and MR during each observation. We used double hierarchical generalized linear models to ask whether among and IIV in behaviour was underpinned by MR. We found no association between the mean duration of the startle responses and either routine MR or MR during startle response. Nevertheless, we found that IIV increased with MR during startle responses and decreased with routine MR. These results indicate that crabs with higher MR during startle responses behave less predictably, and that predictability is reduced during exposure to elevated temperatures.

scholarly journals Ngātiwai Whakapakari Tinana: strengthening bodies through a Kaupapa Māori fitness and exercise programme

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Eggleton ◽  
Lynette Stewart ◽  
Atarangi Kask
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Kaupapa Māori ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Activity based weight loss programmes may result in modest reductions in weight. Despite the small successes demonstrated by these interventions, there are few examples that specifically address the disparity of obesity for Māori compared to non-Māori. AIM This research highlights the results of a Kaupapa Māori fitness and exercise programme that aimed to assist mainly Māori adults, to lose weight. The programme was designed to support participants by using Māori cultural values. METHODS A Muay Thai kickboxing exercise programme was developed with community involvement. Kaupapa Māori principles underpinned the programme, such as whanaungatanga and tino rangatiratanga. Ninety-three participants were followed for at least 3 months. Participants’ blood pressure, weight, body mass index, mental wellbeing scores, and waist and hip circumferences were collected at regular intervals. Multiple linear models were used to calculate estimated changes per 100 days of the programme. RESULTS The mean duration of participation was 214 days. The estimated weight loss per participant per 100 days was 5.2 kg. Statistically significant improvements were noted in blood pressure, waist and hip circumference, systolic blood pressure and mental wellbeing. DISCUSSION The improvements in physical and mental wellbeing are thought to have stemmed, in part, from the use of Kaupapa Māori principles. The success of this programme strengthens the argument that programmes aiming to address the precursors of chronic disease need to be designed for Māori by Māori in order to reduce health inequities.

P1949Changes in prevalence patients with arterial hypertension in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Badin ◽  
I V Fomin ◽  
D S Polyakov ◽  
S S Yakushin ◽  
E A Smirnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Antihypertensive Drug ◽  
P Value ◽  
Antihypertensive Drug Treatment ◽  
European Guidelines ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grade 3

Abstract Aim The present study shows the dynamics of the prevalence different grades of AH and treatment coverage over15 years of observation. Methods 8740 apartments were randomized in 2002 year in eight regions of Russia and 19449 individuals were included. Re-examination was carried out in 2017 year. The representative sample was separated in four groups: Grade 0 – individuals with systolic blood pressure (BP) <140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg; and three Grades of arterial hypertension (AH) in accordance with European guidelines. Also, we select patient with and without antihypertensive drug treatment (AHDT). Results The mean age individuals was 44.4±19.3 years in 2002 year. Grade 0 had 63.3% participants (mean age 36.5±17.1 y.), Grade 1 – 19.5% (mean age 55.2±15.4 y.), Grade 2 – 11.7% (mean age 60.6±13.5 y.) and Grade 3 – 5.6% (mean age 62.4±12.8 y.). 3.0% participants had AHDT and blood pressure meets Grade 0. Patients with AH Grade 1 used drugs in 25.5% cases, with Grade 2 – 49.4% and with Grade 3 – 60.8% patients respectively. The mean age of participants with AHTD was significantly higher than mean age group without AHTD in Grade 0, 1 and 2 (p<0.001). In group Grade 3 mean age was not difference (p=0.16). The mean age individuals (51.3±16.9 y.) in 2017 year was significantly higher on 6.9 years than mean age in 2002 year (p<0.001). The proportion of patients with AHDT in all grades groups in sample 2017 year were significantly higher than in sample 2002 year (Table). The prevalence of AH in 2002 y. amounted to 38.6%. In 2017 y. prevalence of AH was significantly higher – 41.4% (p<0.001). Structure of samples Grade 2002 2017 AHDT Mean age AHDT P value Mean age 0 63,3% No 35,8±16,8 70,1% 42,6±13,9 Yes 3,0% 57,4±14,5 16,3% <0,001 63,6±12,0 1 19,5% No 53,3±15,7 23,6% 57,3±13,3 Yes 25,5% 60,9±13,0 68,4% <0,001 66,3±11,3 2 11,7% No 58,5±14,2 5,4% 58,0±14,9 Yes 49,4% 62,7±12,3 80,6% <0,001 66,5±11,5 3 5,6% No 61,7±13,9 1,0% 63,6±17,6 Yes 60,8% 62,8±12,0 71,1% 0,03 66,0±12,8 ALL 100% 44,4±19,3 100% 51,3±16,9 AHDT: antihypertensive drug treatment. Conclusion Over 15 years follow up period the prevalence of hypertension in Russia increased to 41.4%, but the effectiveness of therapy remains low.

scholarly journals Movement distances for four small mammals in two Atlantic forests fragments, Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Daniela Oliveira de Lima ◽  
Luana Gabriele Arenhart Braun ◽  
Fabrício Luiz Skupien ◽  
Daniele Pereira Rodrigues ◽  
Jady de Oliveira Sausen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Didelphis Albiventris

Animal movement has an important role in individual performance, species reproduction, population demography, and conservation, especially in fragmented landscapes. The distance moved by an individual may vary depending on individual needs, such as the search for food resources and sexual partners. Here we investigated which factors affect the distances between successive captures (hereafter DSC) for Akodon montensis, Oligoryzomys nigripes, Sooretamys angouya, and Didelphis albiventris. This study was conducted from April 2015 to October 2016 in two fragments in the south of Atlantic Forest biome through capture, mark and recapture technique. DSC was analyzed using Generalized Linear Models with Poisson distribution where the independent variables were sex, whether the animal was active or not in terms of reproduction, body weight, and climatic season. The mean DSC was greater for D. albiventris (44.6 ± 28.8 m), followed by S. angouya (31.9 ± 25.7 m), O. nigripes (25.8 ± 22.5 m) and A. montensis (18.9 ± 22.0 m). Males of all species moved larger DSC than females. Considering the rodents, reproductive animals also moved larger DSC than non-reproductive animals. Sex may have masked the effect of body weight, as males tend to be larger than females. Climatic effects were tested for A. montensis and O. nigripes, however, with diverse effects.

scholarly journals Therapy of patients with the high risk of arterial hypertension with the use of telmisartan

Kardiologiia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (9S) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
A. V. Nikitin ◽  
L. V. Vasilieva ◽  
E. V. Gosteva ◽  
I. A. Starodubtseva ◽  
M. N. Latisheva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Artery Disease

Aim. The study assesses the effects of therapy based on the use of telmisartan in patients with arterial hypertension and stable angina on the clinical and functional indicators of the cardiovascularvascular system. Material and methods. 52 patients with a combination of arterial hypertension (AH) I and II stages and coronary artery disease II with the mean age 63.5 ± 5.4 years (79% males and 21% of females) were enrolled in the trial. The duration of AH and CAD were 17.5±3.8 and 12.5±3.1 accordingly. All patients took a daily 80 mg dose of telmisartan. The efficacy of treatment was estimated in 3,6 and 12 months. Results. The use of telmisartan in complex treatment of high-risk patients with AH has led to decreasing blood pressure to the target level, increasing exercise tolerance (walking the distance from 315.5 m to 410.2 m in 6 minutes). 12 months of therapy based on telmisartan showed significant decrease in left hy‑ pertrophy ventricle (LV myocardial mass index on average by 10.4%), a decrease in the total duration of depression ST segment from 9.6±2.9 to 2.7±1.5 mm and a decrease in the depth of depression from 1.5±0.3 mm to 0.3±0.09 mm, with a trend towards decrease in the number of episodes of ST-segment depression, as well as the absence of a significant change in heart rate. After 12 months of en‑ dothelium-dependent vasodilation therapy, the condition of 31 (60%) patients improved, and 18 (35%) patients showed the tendency to improvement. The tests with reactive hyperemia conducted after 12 months of treatment revealed decreased linear velocity of blood flow in the brachial artery on average by 17%. Conclusion. The use of telmisartan in complex therapy improves the quality of life according to the EQ-VAS questionnaire by 25 points after 12 months of therapy, contributes to lowering blood pressure in 96% of patients, reduc‑ ing myocardial hypertrophy, endothelial dysfunction and severity of ischemic manifestations (reducing the need for nitroglycerin intake to an average of 0,5 inhalations, as well as a decrease in the ST segment depression of 40% after 12 months of therapy).

Generalized Linear Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
Andy Hector
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Link Function ◽  
Data Transformations ◽  
Normal Distributions ◽  
Equal Variance ◽  
The Mean

This chapter revisits a regression analysis to explore the normal least squares assumption of approximately equal variance. It also considers some of the data transformations that can be used to achieve this. A linear regression of transformed data is compared with a generalized linear-model equivalent that avoids transformation by using a link function and non-normal distributions. Generalized linear models based on maximum likelihood use a link function to model the mean (in this case a square-root link) and a variance function to model the variability (in this case the gamma distribution, where the variance increases as the square of the mean). The Box–Cox family of transformations is explained in detail.

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